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OCR for page R1
Earthquake Engineering
r Concrete Dams:
Dedyn' Performance'
and Research Needs
Panel on E~qu~e Engineering for Concrem Dams
Commence on E=[hqu~e Engineering
Division of Natural Hood Mkiga[ion
Commission on Engincoring and Tochnical Sys[oms
National Research Council
NATIONS ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C. 1990
OCR for page R2
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board
of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National
Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences
and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures
approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of
Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of
distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance
of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the
charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to
advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Prank Press is president
of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the
National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous
in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of
Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of
Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages
education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Robert M.
White is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to
secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy
matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given
to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the
federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research,
and education. Dr. Samuel O. Thier is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was established by the National Academy of Sciences in
1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes
of furthering knowledge and of advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance
with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating
agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in
providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities.
The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr.
Frank Press and Dr. Robert M. White are chairman and vice-chairman, respectively, of the
National Research Council.
Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this report are
those of the committee and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsoring agencies.
Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 90-62816
International Standard Book Number 0-309-04336-0
Limited number of copies available without charge from:
Committee on Earthquake Engineering
Division of Natural Hazard Mitigation, HA 286
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20418
Additional copies are for sale from:
National Academy Press
2101 Constitution Avewnue, NW
Washington, D.C. 20418
S219
Printed in the United States of America
OCR for page R3
COMMITTEE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING (1985-1990)
GEORGE W. HOUSNER, Chairman, California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena
KEIITI AKI, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles
CHRISTOPHER ARNOLD, Building Systems Development, Inc., San Mateo,
California
JAMES E. BEAVERS, Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., Oak Ridge,
Tennessee
RAY W. CLOUGH, Department of Civil Engineering, University of California,
Berkeley
C. B. GROUSE, Dames & Moore, Seattle, Washington
RICHARD DOBRY, Department of Civil Engineering Rens.selaer Pr)lvi~.hnir
Institute, Troy, New York
~ ~—~ ~ ~ ~ —vow ~~] ~_~&&&A$w
WILLIAM J. HALL, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Illinois,
Urbana-Champaign
ROBERT D. HANSON, Department of Civil Engineering, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor
JOHN LOSS, School of Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park
FRANK E. McCLURE, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California,
Berkeley
JOANNE NIGG, Disaster Research Center, University of Delaware, Newark
0110 W. NUITLI (deceased), Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department,
St. Louis University, Missouri
METE A. SOZEN, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Illinois,
Urbana-Champaign
ROBERT V. WHITMAN, Department of Civil Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge
JAMES K. WIGHT, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor
T. LESLIE YOUD, Depar~nent of Civil En~ine~rin~r Brigham Yelling ~ ~ni`'Prcit`,
Provo, Utah
Liaison Representatives
· - - Do ~'D~ —'—O~ ^ —I- ~~ ~ wA CALM ~
WILLIAM H. ALLERTON, Division of Inspections, Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission, Washington, D.C.
WILLIAM A. ANDERSON, Program Director, Division of Biological and
Critical Engineering Systems, National Science Foundation, Washington,
D.C.
. . .
zi!
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C. CHESTER BIGELOW, Division of Advanced Technology Development
U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C.
STEPHEN BOYCE, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Boiling Air
Force Base, Washington, D.C.
MANMOHAN S. CHAWLA, Naval Facilities Engineering Command,
Washington, D.C.
DAK H. CHUNG, Nuclear Systems Safety Program, Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory, Livermore, California
FRED COLE, Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance, Agency for International
Development, Washington, D.C.
JAMES COOPER, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of
Transportation, Washington, D.C.
JAMES F. COSTELLO, MechanicaVStructural Engineering Branch, Office
of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission,
Washington, D.C.
RICHARD F. DAVIDSON, Civil Engineering, Geotechnical Branch, U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Department of the Army, Washington,
D.C.
CONRAD W. FELICE, formerly Strategic Structures Branch, Defense Nuclear
Agency, Washington, D.C.
G. ROBERT FULLER, Compliance Branch, U.S. Department of Housing
and Urban Development, Washington, D.C.
WALTER W. HAYS, Office of Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Engineering,
U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia
JAMES R. HILL, Natural Phenomena Hazards Mitigation Program, U.S.
Department of Energy, Washington, D.C.
PAUL KRUMPE, Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance, Agency for
International Development, Washington, D.C.
H. S. LEW, Center for Building Technology, National Institute of Standards
and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
DON LINGER, Strategic Structures Branch, Defense Nuclear Agency,
Washington, D.C.
S. C. LIU, Earthquake Hazard Mitigation, Division of Biological and Critical
Systems, National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C.
UGO MORELLI, Office of Natural and Technological Hazards, Federal
Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C.
KENNETH J. SULLIVAN, Office of Natural and Technological Hazards
Programs, State and Local Programs and Support, Federal Emergency
Management Agency, Washington, D.C.
J. LAWRENCE VON THUN, Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Department of
the Interior, Denver, Colorado
SPENCER WU, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, U.S. Department
of the Air Force, Washington, D.C.
V
OCR for page R5
EDWARD YOUNGER, Structural Engineering Service, U.S. Department of
Veterans Affairs, Washington, D.C.
ARTHUR ZEIZEL, Office of Natural and Technological Hazards Programs,
State and Local Programs and Support, Federal Emergency Management
Agency, Washington, D.C.
Staff
Riley M. Chung, Director
Barbara J. Rice, Editor
Edward Lipp, Editor
Susan R. McCutchen, Administrative Assistant
Shirley J. Whitley, Project Assistant
v
OCR for page R6
PANEL ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
FOR CONCRETE DAMS
RAY W. CLOUGH, Chairman, Department of Civil Engineering Emeritus,
University of California, Berkeley
ANIL K. CHOPRA, Department of Civil Engineering, University of California,
Berkeley
KARL J. DREHER, Northern Colorado Water Conservancy District, Loveland
GREGORY FENVES, Department of Civil Engineering, University of California,
Berkeley
JOHN F. HALL, Thomas Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena
SHENG-TAUR MAU, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Houston,
Texas
Liaison Representatives
WILLIAM H. ALLERTON, Division of Inspection, Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission, Washington, D.C.
WILLIAM BIVENS, Earthquakes & Natural Hazard Program Division, Federal
Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C.
HOWARD BOGGS, Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Department of the Interior,
Denver, Colorado (retired)
ANTHONY LIU, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, D.C.
S. C. LIU, Division of Biological and Critical Engineering Systems, National
Science Foundation, Washington, D.C.
FRANCIS McLEAN, Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Department of the Interior,
Denver, Colorado
C. DEAN NORMAN, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S Department of
the Army, Vicksburg, Mississippi
ROBERT SMITH, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Department of the
Army, Washington, D.C. (retired)
C. H. YEH, Harza Engineering Company, Chicago, Illinois
v'
OCR for page R7
Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Earthquake Input, 2
Linear Response Analysis, 3
Nonlinear Response Analysis, 4
Observational Evidence, 5
Seismic Performance Criteria, 7
1 INTRODUCTION
The Hazard of Dams, 10
Seismic Safety of Concrete Dams, 13
Scope of the Report, 15
2 EARTHQUAKE INPUT
Earthquake Excitation Concepts, 16
Present Status of Knowledge, 20
Status of Strong-Motion Instrument Networks, 33
Research Needs, 34
3 ANALYSIS OF LINEAR RESPONSE ....
Preliminary Comments, 36
Static Analysis, 37
Dynamic Analysis, 46
Present Knowledge and Capabilities, 49
Research Needs, 59
. .
V11
9
16
.... 36
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4 NONLINEAR ANALYSIS AND RESPONSE BEHAVIOR
Introduction, 61
Characteristics of Nonlinear Behavior, 62
Material Models and Response Analysis, 65
Criteria for Safety Evaluation, 67
Summary of Recent Research, 69
Research Needs, 77
5 EXPERIMENTAL AND OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE
Earthquake Experience, 80
Field Vibration Tests: Forced and Ambient, 88
Model Tests, 96
Research Needs, 102
6 RECOMMENDED CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING
SEISMIC PERFORMANCE....................
Background, 104
Preliminary Considerations, 106
Guidelines for Evaluating Results from Linear Analyses, 111
Guidelines for Evaluating Results from Nonlinear Analyses, 118
Guidelines for Evaluating Foundation Stability, 119
Stability Following Fault Displacement, 120
Evaluation of Criteria, 121
Research Needs, 123
REFERENCES
. . .
vial
61
80
.. 104
... 127
OCR for page R9
[arthquake Engineering
for Concrete Dams:
Design' Performance'
and Research Needs
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