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Nursing Health, & Environment: Strengthening the Relationship to Improve the Public's Health
D
Environmental Health Resources: Agencies, Organizations, Services, General References, and Tables of Environmental Health Hazards
Contents
INTRODUCTION
149
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
149
Federal Agencies,
149
State Agencies,
162
ASSOCIATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS
173
SELECTED TOPICAL RESOURCES
197
COMPUTERIZED INFORMATION SERVICES
199
GENERAL REFERENCES
208
TABLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL AGENTS AND HEALTH EFFECTS, WORK-RELATED DISEASES AND CONDITIONS, AND SELECTED JOB CATEGORIES AND ASSOCIATED DISEASES AND CONDITIONS
211
Table D.1: Environmental Agents, Their Sources and Potential Exposures, and Adverse Health Effects,
212
Table D.2: Selected Work-Related Diseases, Disorders, and Conditions Associated with Various Agents, Industries, or Occupations,
230
Table D.3: Selected Job Categories, Exposures, and Associated Work-Related Diseases and Conditions,
237
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INTRODUCTION
For those interested in learning more about environmental health and the resources available that are related to environmental health, Appendix D presents names, addresses, and phone numbers of relevant government agencies and professional associations and organizations, as well as information about computerized information services, and a listing of general references. Agencies, associations, and organizations related to nursing and/or the environment are specifically highlighted. Finally, three tables are presented (pp. 214–240) that describe (1) selected environmental agents and their associated sources and potential exposures, (2) selected work-related diseases, disorders, and conditions associated with various agents, and (3) selected job categories, exposures, and associated work-related diseases and conditions for use in actual nursing practice.
The information presented in this appendix is not intended to be comprehensive or exhaustive, but rather supplemental and complementary.
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
Throughout our history, numerous federal and state agencies have been created to address the issues related to safety and health in the workplace, as well as the surrounding environment. Federal and state agencies have become increasingly involved in examining and monitoring the impact of the environment on the health of the public. The following list highlights several of the federal and state agencies currently involved in monitoring, evaluating, and protecting the environment and its relation to public health. Each agency is an invaluable source of information and can readily provide additional resources upon one's request. The agencies are listed in alphabetical order with federal organizations first, followed by state agencies.
Federal Agencies
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) was created by Superfund legislation in 1980 as a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. ATSDR's mission is to prevent or mitigate adverse human health effects and diminished quality of life resulting from exposure to hazardous substances in the environment. In order to carry out its mission and to serve the needs of the American people, ATSDR conducts activities in public health assessments, health investigations,
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exposure and disease registry, emergency response, toxicological profiles, health education, and applied research.
ATSDR's Division of Health Education is mandated to assemble, develop, and distribute to the states, medical colleges, physicians, and other health professionals, educational materials on medical surveillance, screening, and methods of diagnosis and treatment of injury or disease related to exposure to hazardous substances. The Division also provides training and education for primary care physicians to diagnose and treat illness caused by hazardous substances and supports curriculum development and applied research in the area of environmental health.
The Division has developed a self-study series called Case Studies in Environmental Medicine which uses case studies to guide physicians through the diagnosis and treatment of illnesses related to hazardous substances exposure.
Several projects have also been developed and implemented to advance these goals. Some of the programs are described below:
State Cooperative Agreements offer funding and assistance to state health departments for developing educational materials and activities in environmental medicine for health care professionals;
National Association of County Health Officials Environmental Health Project is a cooperative agreement with ATSDR to conduct instructional sessions and develop supporting materials for local health officials and the medical community concerning the communication of health risks from exposure to hazardous substances;
Project EPOCH-Envi is co-sponsored by ATSDR and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Through the cooperative agreement, a consortium of medical schools works towards introducing curricula in occupational and environmental medicine in primary care residency programs;
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
1600 Clifton Road, N.E.
Mail Stop E-28
Atlanta, GA 30333
(404) 639-0501
Emergencies (404) 639-0615
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is charged with protecting the public health of the nation by providing leadership
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and direction in the prevention and control of diseases and other preventable conditions and responding to public health emergencies.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1600 Clifton Road, N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30333
(404) 639-3286
Consumer Product Safety Commission
The Consumer Products Safety Commission provides information on health and safety effects related to consumer products. It has direct jurisdiction over chronic and chemical hazards in consumer products; assists consumers in evaluating the comparative safety of consumer products; develops uniform safety standards for consumer products and minimizes conflicting state and local regulations; and promotes research and investigation into the causes and prevention of product-related deaths, illnesses, and injuries.
Consumer Product Safety Commission
East West Towers
4340 East West Highway
Bethesda, MD 20814
(301) 504-0580
(800) 638-2772
Department of Energy
The Department of Energy (DOE) provides the framework for a comprehensive and balanced national energy plan through the coordination and administration of the energy functions of the federal government. The Department is responsible for long-term, high-risk research and development of energy technology; the marketing of federal power; energy conservation; the nuclear weapons program; energy regulatory programs; and a central energy data collection and analysis program.
The Environment, Safety and Health Office of the DOE provides independent oversight of departmental execution of environmental, occupational safety and health, and nuclear/nonnuclear safety and security laws, regulations, and policies; ensures that departmental programs are in compliance with environmental, health, and nuclear/nonnuclear safety protection plans, regulations, and procedures; provides an independent overview and assessment of Department-controlled activities to ensure that safety-impacted programs receive management review; and carries
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out legal functions of the nuclear safety civil penalty and criminal referral activities mandated by the Price-Anderson Amendments Act.
Department of Energy
1000 Independence Avenue, S.W.
Washington, DC 20585
(202) 586-5000
Department of Health and Human Services
The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) is the Cabinet-level department of the federal executive branch most concerned with people and most involved with the nation's human concerns. In one way or another—whether it is mailing out social security checks or making health services more widely available—DHHS touches the lives of more Americans than any other federal agency. It is literally a department of people saving people, from newborn infants to our most elderly citizens.
Department of Health and Human Services
200 Independence Avenue, S.W.
Washington, DC 20201
(202) 679-0257
Environmental Protection Agency
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established in 1970 in order to permit coordinated and effective governmental action on behalf of the environment. It endeavors to abate and control pollution systematically, by proper integration of a variety of research, monitoring, standard setting, and enforcement activities. As a complement to its other activities, the Agency coordinates and supports research and antipollution activities by state and local governments, private and public groups, individuals, and educational institutions. It also reinforces efforts among other federal agencies with respect to the impact of their operations on the environment, and it is specifically charged with publishing its determinations when those hold that a proposal is unsatisfactory from the standpoint of public health or welfare or environmental quality. In all, the EPA is designed to serve as the public's advocate for a livable environment.
Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 260-2090
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Food and Drug Administration
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inspects manufacturing plants and warehouses, collects and analyzes samples of foods, drugs, cosmetics, and therapeutic devices for adulteration and misbranding. Responsibilities also extend to sanitary preparation and handling of foods, waste disposal on interstate carriers, and enforcement of the Radiation Control Act as related to consumer products. Epidemiological and other investigations are conducted to determine causative factors or possible health hazards involved in adverse reactions or hazardous materials accidents. Investigators are located in resident posts in major cities throughout the country.
Food and Drug Administration
National Headquarters
200 C Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20204
(301) 443-2410
Health Resources and Services Administration
Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) is responsible for general health services and resource issues relating to issues of access, equity, quality, and cost of care. In order to accomplish this goal, the Administration supports states and communities in their efforts to deliver health care to underserved segments of the population; participates in the federal campaign against AIDS; provides leadership in improving the education, distribution, quality, and use of the health professionals needed to staff the nation's health care system; tracks the supply of and requirements for health professionals and addresses their competence through the development of a health practitioner data bank; and strengthens the public health system by working with state and local public health agencies.
Health Resources and Services Administration
5600 Fishers Lane
Rockville, MD 20857
(301) 443-2086
National Cancer Institute
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) conducts and funds research on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, control, and biology of cancer
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and the rehabilitation of people with cancer. NCI also funds projects for innovative and effective approaches to preventing and controlling cancer, establishes multidisciplinary cancer care and clinical research activities in community hospitals, and supports cancer research training, clinical training, continuing education, and career development.
National Cancer Institute
National Institutes of Health
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 496-5615
(800) 422-6237/ (800) 4-CANCER
National Center for Environmental Health
The mission of the National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH) is to promote health and quality of life by preventing or controlling disease, injury, and disability related to the interactions between people and their environment outside the workplace. To achieve these goals, NCEH directs programs both to prevent the adverse health effects of exposure to toxic substances and to combat the societal and environmental factors that increase the likelihood of exposure and disease. NCEH also works to prevent injuries and diseases resulting from natural or technologic disasters and to prevent birth defects and development disabilities resulting from nutritional deficiencies or exposure to environmental toxins in utero or during early childhood.
National Center for Environmental Health
Mailstop F29
4770 Buford Highway, N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30341-3724
(404) 488-7003
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) was established by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 to conduct research on occupational diseases and injuries, respond to requests for assistance by investigating problems of health and safety in the workplace, recommend standards to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), and train professionals in occupational safety and health.
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National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
200 Independence Avenue, S.W.
Washington, DC 20201
(800) 356-4674
The NIOSH Technical Information Branch provides a toll-free technical information service (1-800-35-NIOSH) that provides convenient public access to NIOSH and its information resources. Callers may request information about NIOSH activities or about any aspect of occupational safety and health.
NIOSH Technical Information Branch
Robert A. Taft Laboratory
Mail Stop C-19
4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998
(800) 35-NIOSH
Project EPOCH-Envi. In conjunction with ATSDR, NIOSH established Project EPOCH-Envi to provide support and training to medical schools from around the country who wish to implement curricula in occupational and environmental medicine in primary care residency programs. Through this cooperative agreement, Project EPOCH-Envi conducts workshops and training programs for interested medical school faculty. The sessions focus on instructing faculty members how to develop curricula in occupational and environmental medicine.
Project EPOCH-Envi
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Division of Training and Manpower Development
Curriculum Development Branch
Robert A. Taft Laboratories
4676 Columbia Parkway
Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998
(800) 356-4674
NIOSH Educational Resource Centers. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) funds Educational Resource Centers (ERCs) which conduct research and administer graduate training programs in occupational medicine, occupational health nursing, and industrial hygiene and safety. They also provide continuing education programs for safety and health professionals and outreach programs for the community.
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ALABAMA
University of Alabama in Birmingham
School of Nursing
University of Starion
Birmingham, AL 35294-1210
Kathleen Brown, RN, Ph.D.
Director, Occupational Health Nursing
Degree: MSN, DNS
(205) 934-6858
MARYLAND
The Johns Hopkins University
School of Hygiene and Public Health
615 N. Wolfe Street
Baltimore, MD 21205
Jacqueline Agnew, RN, Ph.D.
Director, Occupational Health Nursing Program
Degree: MPH, DrPH, Ph.D.
(410) 955-4082
CALIFORNIA
UCLA School of Nursing
10833 LeConte Avenue
Los Angeles, CA 90024-1702
Linda Glazner, DrPH, RN
Program Director, Occupational Health Nursing
Degree: MSN
(310) 206-3838
MASSACHUSETTS
Harvard University
Harvard School of Public Health
Department of Environmental Science and Physiology
665 Huntington Avenue
Boston, MA 02115
Carol Love, Ph.D.
Director, Occupational Health Nursing (Simmons)
Degree: MS
(617) 738-2255
University of California, San Francisco
School of Nursing
Department of Mental Health and Community Nursing N505Y
San Francisco, CA 94143
Julia Faucett, RN, Ph.D.
Program Director, Occupational Health Nursing
Degree: MS, DNS
(415) 476-5312
MICHIGAN
University of Michigan
School of Nursing
Department of Community Health Nursing
400 N. Ingalls, Room 3340
Ann Arbor, MI 48109
Sally Lusk, RN, Ph.D.
Director, Occupational Health Nursing Program
Degree: MS
(313) 747-0347
ILLINOIS
University of Illinois at Chicago
College of Nursing
845 South Damen Street
Chicago, IL 60612
Karen Conrad, Ph.D., RN
Director, Occupational Health Nursing Program
Degree: MS, Ph.D.
(312) 996-7974
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MINNESOTA
University of Minnesota
School of Public Health
420 Delaware Street, SE, Box 197
Minneapolis, MN 55455
Patricia McGovern, RN, MPH
Program Director, Occupational Health Nursing
Degree: Ph.D., MS, MS/MPH
(612) 625-7429
OHIO
University of Cincinnati
College of Nursing and Health
200 Proctor Hall
3110 Vine
Cincinnati, OH 45219-0038
Sue Davis, Ph.D.
Acting Program Director, Occupational Health Nursing
Degree: MSN, Ph.D.
(513) 558-5280
NEW YORK/NEW JERSEY
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
School of Nursing
30 Bergen Street
ADMC 119
Newark, NJ 07107-3000
Gail Buckler, RN, MPH, COHN
Program Director, OHN Program
Degree: MSN
(908) 445-0123
TEXAS
University of Texas
The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
School of Public Health
P.O. Box 20186
Houston, TX 77225
Mary Kay Garcia, RN, DrPH
Director, Occupational Health for Nurses Program
Degree: MPH
(713) 792-7456
NORTH CAROLINA
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
School of Public Health
Rosenau Hall
Chapel Hill, NC 27514
Bonnie Rogers, RN, DrPH
Program Director, Occupational Health Nursing
Degree: MPH, MS
(919) 996-1030
UTAH
University of Utah
RMCOEH, Building 512
Salt Lake City, UT 84119
Darlene Meservy, RN, MPH, DrPH
Director, Occupational Health Nursing
Degree: MSPH, Ph.D., MPH
(801) 581-8214
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WASHINGTON
University of Washington
Community Health Care Systems, SM-24
Seattle, WA 98195
Mary Salazar, Ph.D.
Director, Occupational Health Nursing Program
Degree: MN, Ph.D., MN/MPH
(206) 685-0857
Training Project Grants
University of Pennsylvania
School of Nursing
420 Service Drive
Philadelphia, PA 19104
Winifred Hayes, RN, Ph.D.
Director, Occupational Health Nursing Program
Degree: MSN
(215) 898-1794
University of South Florida
College of Nursing
Health Science Center
Box 22
12901 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard
Tampa, FL 33612-4799
Dr. Candace Burns
Director, Occupational Health Nursing Program
(813) 974-9160
The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) is the principal federal agency for biomedical research on the effects of chemical, physical, and biological environmental agents on human health and well-being. The Institute supports research and training focused on the identification, assessment, and mechanism of action of potentially harmful agents in the environment. Research results form the basis for preventive programs for environmentally-related diseases and for action by regulatory agencies.
The NIEHS currently sponsors several programs available to the medical school community, individual researchers, and other organizations or centers interested in studying the effects of the environment on health and how to better educate medical school students, employees, and the general public about environmental health risks and hazards. Some of the awards are described below:
The Environmental/Occupational Medicine Academic Award Program was established by the NIEHS to address the need for increased awareness by physicians of the impact of environmental and occupational
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Agent
Exposure
Route of Entry
Systems(s) Affected
Chlorinated hydrocarbons: chlordane, DDT, heptachlor, chlor-decone (Kepone), aldrin, dieldrin, uridine
Ingestion, inhalation, percutaneous absorption
CNS
Bipyridyls: paraquat, diquat
Inhalation, ingestion, percutaneous absorption
Pulmonary
a Occupational and medical histories are in most instances, the most important aids in diagnosis.
b Zinc oxide is a prototype of agents that cause metal fume fever.
c The less water-soluble the gas, the deeper and more delayed its irritant effect.
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Primary Manifestations
Aids in Diagnosisa
Remarks
Stimulation or depression
Urinary organic chlorine, or p-chloro-phenol acetic acid
The chlorinated hydro-carbons may accumulate in body lipid stores in large amounts.
Rapid massive fibrosis, only following paraquat ingestion
An interesting toxin in that the major toxicity, pulmonary fibrosis, apparently occurs only after in gestion.
d Pulmonary function tests are useful aids in diagnosis of irritant effects if the patient is subacutely or chronically ill.
SOURCE: Reprinted, with permission, from Principles and Practice of Environmental Health, A.B. Tarcher, ed. Copyright 1992 by Plenum Publishing Co.
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TABLE D-2: Selected Work-Related Diseases, Disorders, and Conditions Associated with Various Agents, Industries, or Occupations: Infections, Malignant Neoplasms, and Hematological, Cardiovascular, Pulmonary, Neurological, and Miscellaneous Disorders
Diseases, Disorders, and Conditions
Industry or Occupation
Agent
Infections
Anthrax
Shepherds, farmers, butchers, handlers of imported hides or fibers, veterinarians, veterinarian pathologists, weavers
Bacillus anthraces
Brucellosis
Farmers, shepherds, vets, lab and slaughterhouse workers
Brucella abortus, suis
Plague
Shepherds, farmers, ranchers, hunters, field geologists
Yersinia pestis
Hepatitis A
Day-care center, orphanage, and mental retardation institution staff, medical personnel
Hepatitis A virus
Hepatitis B
Nurses and aides, anesthesiologists, orphanage and mental institution staffs, medical lab workers, general dentists, oral surgeons, physicians
Hepatitis B virus
Hepatitis C (formerly included in non-A, non-B)
Same as hepatitis A and B
Hepatitis C virus
Ornithosis
Psittacine bird breeders, pet shop and zoo workers, poultry producers, vets
Chlamydia psittaci
Rabies
Veterinarians, game wardens, lab workers, farmers, ranchers, trappers
Rabies virus
Rubella
Medical personnel
Rubella virus
Tetanus
Farmers, ranchers
Clostridium tetani
Tuberculosis Pulmonary
Physicians, medical personnel, medical lab workers
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tuberculosis Silicotuberculosis
Quarrymen, sandblasters, silica processors, miners, foundry workers, ceramic industry
Silicon dioxide (silica), M. tuberculosis
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Diseases, Disorders, and Conditions
Industry or Occupation
Agent
Tularemia
Hunters, fur handlers, sheep industry, cooks, veterinarians, ranchers, veterinarian pathologists
Francisella tularensis
Malignant Neoplasms
Bladder
Rubber and dye workers
Benzidine, 1- and 2-naphthylamine, auramine, magenta, 4-aminobiphenyl, 4-nitrophenyl
Bone
Dial painters, radium chemists and processors
Radium
Kidney and other urinary organs
Coke oven workers
Coke oven emissions
Liver
Vinyl chloride polymerization industry
Vinyl chloride monomer
Liver hemangiosarcoma
Vintners
Arsenical pesticides
Lung, bronchial, tracheal
Asbestos industry, users Topside coke oven workers
Uranium and fluorspar miners Chromium producers, processors, users Smelters Mustard gas formulators Ion-exchange resin makers, chemists
Asbestos Coke oven emissions
Radon daughters Chromates
Arsenic
Mustard gas
Bis(chloromethyl)-ether, chloromethyl methyl ether
Nasal cavity
Woodworkers, furniture makers
Boot and shoe industry
Radium chemists and processors, dial painters
Chromium producers, processors, users Nickel smelting and refining
Hardwood dusts
Unknown
Radium
Chromates
Nickel
Asbestos
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Diseases, Disorders, and Conditions
Industry or Occupation
Agent
Peritoneal, pleural mesothelioma
Asbestos industry, users
Asbestos
Scrotal
Automatic lathe operators, metalworkers
Coke oven workers, petroleum refiners, tar distillers
Mineral, cutting oils
Soots and tars, tar distillates
Hematological Disorders
Agranulocytosis or neutropenia
Workers exposed to benzene
Explosives, pesticide industries
Pesticide, pigment, pharmaceutical industries
Benzene
Phosphorus
Inorganic arsenic
Anemia
Aplastic
Explosives manufacturing
Worker exposed to benzene
Radiologists, radium chemists, dial painters
TNT
Benzene
Ionizing radiation
Anemia Hemolytic, nonautoimmune
Whitewashing and leather industry
Electrolytic processes, arsenical ore smelting
Plastics industry
Plastics industry
Dye, celluloid, resin industries
Copper sulfate
Arsine
Trimellitic anhydride
Naphthalene
Leukemia
Acute lymphoid
Rubber industry
Radiologists
Unknown
Ionizing radiation
Leukemia
Acute myeloid
Workers exposed to benzene
Radiologists
Benzene
Leukemia
Erythroleukemia
Workers exposed to benzene
Benzene
Methemoglobinemia
Explosives, dye industries
Aromatic amino and nitro compounds (e.g., aniline, TNT, nitroglycerin)
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Diseases, Disorders, and Conditions
Industry or Occupation
Agent
Cardiovascular Disorders
Angina
Auto mechanics, foundry workers, wood finishers, traffic control, driving in heavy traffic
Carbon monoxide
Arrhythmias
Metal cleaning, solvent use, refrigerator maintenance
Solvents, fluorocarbons
Raynaud's phenomenon (secondary)
Lumberjacks, chain sawyers, grinders, chippers
Vinyl chloride polymerization
Whole-body or segmental vibration
Vinyl chloride monomer
Pulmonary Disorders
Alveolitis (extrinsic, allergic)
Farmer's lung bagassosis, bird-breeder's lung, suberosis, maltworker's lung, mushroom worker's lung, maple bark disease, cheese-washer's lung, coffee-worker's lung, fish-meal-worker's lung, furrier's lung, sequoiosis, woodworker's lung, miller's lung
Various agents
Asbestosis
Asbestos workers, users
Asbestos
Asthma (extrinsic)
Jewelry, alloy, catalyst makers
Polyurethane, adhesive, paint workers
Alloy, catalyst, refinery workers
Solderers
Plastic, dye, insecticide makers
Foam workers, latex makers, biologists
Printing industry
Nickel platers
Bakers
Plastics industry
Woodworkers, furniture makers
Detergent formulators
Animal handlers
Platinum
Isocyanates
Chromium, cobalt
Aluminum soldering flux
Phthalic anhydride
Formaldehyde
Gum arabic
Nickel sulfate
Flour
Trimellitic anhydride
Red cedar, wood dusts
Bacillus-derived exoenzymes
Animal dander
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Diseases, Disorders, and Conditions
Industry or Occupation
Agent
Beryllium disease (chronic)
Beryllium alloy, ceramic, cathode-ray tube, nuclear reactor workers
Beryllium
Bronchitis, pneumonitis, pulmonary edema (acute)
Refrigeration, fertilizer, oil-refining industries
Alkali, beach industries
Silo fillers, arc welders, nitric acid workers
Paper, refrigeration, oil-refining industries
Cadmium smelters, processors
Plastics industry
Ammonia
Chlorine
Nitrogen oxides
Sulfur dioxide
Cadmium
Trimellitic anhydride
Byssinosis
Cotton industry
Cotton, flax, hemp, cotton-synthetic dusts
Pneumoconiosis
Coal miners, bauxite workers
Coal dust, bauxite fumes
Silicosis
Mining, metal, and ceramic industries, quarrymen, sand blasters, silica processors
Silica
Talcosis
Talc processors
Talc
Neurological Disorders
Cerebellar ataxia
Chemical industry
Electrolytic chlorine production, battery manufacturing, fungicide formulators
Toluene
Organic mercury
Encephalitis (toxic)
Battery, smelter, foundry workers
Electrolytic chlorine production, battery manufacturing, fungicide formulators
Lead
Organic, inorganic mercury
Neuropathy (toxic and inflammatory)
Pesticide, pigment, pharmaceutical industries
Furniture refinishers, degreasers
Plastic-coated fabric workers
Explosives industry
Rayon manufacturing
Plastics, hyrdraulics, coke industries
Arsenic, arsenic compounds
Hexane
Methyl butyl ketone
TNT
Carbon disulfide
Tri-o-cresyl phosphate
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Diseases, Disorders, and Conditions
Industry or Occupation
Agent
Neuropathy (toxic and inflammatory)
Battery, smelter, foundry workers
Dentists, chloralkali workers
Chloralkali, fungicide, battery workers
Plastics, paper manufacture
Inorganic lead
Inorganic mercury
Organic mercury
Acrylamide
Parkinson's disease (secondary)
Manganese processors, battery manufacturing, welders
Internal combustion engine industries
Manganese
Carbon monoxide
Miscellaneous
Abdominal pain
Battery manufacturing, enamelers, smelter, painters, ceramics workers, plumbers, welders
Lead
Cataract
Microwave, radar technicians
Explosive industry
Radiologists
Blacksmiths, glass blowers, bakers
Moth repellant formulators, fumigators
Explosives, dye, herbicide, pesticide industries
Microwaves
TNT
Ionizing radiation
Infrared radiation
Naphthalene
Dinitrophenol, dinitro-o-cresol
Dermatitis (contact, allergic)
Adhesives, sealants, and plastics industries, leather tanning, poultry dressing, fish packing, boat building and repair, electroplating, metal cleaning, machining, housekeeping
Irritants (cutting oils, solvents, phenol, acids, alkalies, detergents, fibrous glass), allergens (nickel, epoxy resins, chromates, formaldehyde, dyes, rubber products)
Headache
Firefighters, foundry workers, wood finishers, dry cleaners, traffic control, driving in heavy traffic
Carbon monoxide, solvents
Hepatitis (toxic)
Solvent users, dry cleaners, plastics industry
Carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, tetrachloroethane trichloroethylene
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Diseases, Disorders, and Conditions
Industry or Occupation
Agent
Hepatitis (toxic)
Explosives and dye industries
Fire and waterproofing additive formulators
Plastics formulators
Fumigators, gasoline and fire-extinguisher formulators
Disinfectant, fumigant, synthetic resin formulators
Phosphorus, TNT
Chloronaphthalene
4,4-Methylene-dianiline
Ethylene dibromide
Cresol
Inner ear damage
Various
Excessive noise
Infertility (male)
Formulators
Producers, formulators, applicators
Kepone
1, 2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
Psychosis (acute)
Gasoline, seed, and fungicide workers, wood preservation, rayon manufacturing
Lead (especially organic), mercury, carbon disulfide
Renal failure (acute, chronic)
Battery manufacturing, plumbers, solderers
Electrolytic processes, arsenical ore smelting
Battery manufacturing, jewelers, dentists
Fluorocarbon, fire-extinguisher formulators
Antifreeze manufacturing
Inorganic lead
Arsine
Inorganic mercury
Carbon tetrachloride
Ethylene glycol
SOURCE: Reprinted, with permission, from Principles and Practice of Environmental Medicine, Tarcher, AB, ed. Copyright 1992 by Plenum Publishing Co.
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Nursing Health, & Environment: Strengthening the Relationship to Improve the Public's Health
TABLE D-3: Selected Job Categories, Exposures, and Associated Work-Related Diseases and Conditions
Job Categories
Exposures
Work-Related Diseases and Conditions
Agricultural workers
Pesticides, infectious agents, gases, sunlight
Pesticide poisoning, ''farmer's lung," skin cancer
Anesthetists
Anesthetic gases
Reproductive effects, cancer
Animal handlers
Infectious agents, allergens
Asthma
Automobile workers
Asbestos, plastics, lead, solvents
Asbestosis, dermatitis
Bakers
Flour
Asthma
Battery makers
Lead, arsenic
Lead poisoning, cancer
Butchers
Vinyl plastic fumes
"Meat wrappers' asthma"
Caisson workers
Pressurized work environments
"Caisson disease," "the bends"
Carpenters
Wood dust, wood preservatives, adhesives
Nasopharyngeal cancer, dermatitis
Cement workers
Cement dust, metals
Dermatitis, bronchitis
Ceramic workers
Talc, clays
Pneumoconiosis
Demolition workers
Asbestos, wood dust
Asbestosis
Drug manufacturers
Hormones, nitroglycerin, etc.
Reproductive effects
Dry cleaners
Solvents
Liver disease, dermatitis
Dye workers
Dyestuffs, metals, solvents
Bladder cancer, dermatitis
Embalmers
Formaldehyde, infectious agents
Dermatitis
Felt makers
Mercury, polycyclic hydrocarbons
Mercuralism
Foundry workers
Silica, molten metals
Silicosis
Glass workers
Heat, solvents, metal powders
Cataracts
Hospital workers
Infectious agents, cleansers, radiation
Infections, accidents
Insulators
Asbestos, fibrous glass
Asbestosis, lung cancer, mesothelioma
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Nursing Health, & Environment: Strengthening the Relationship to Improve the Public's Health
Job Categories
Exposures
Work-Related Diseases and Conditions
Jack hammer operators
Vibration
Raynaud phenomenon
Lathe operators
Metal dusts, cutting oils
Lung disease, cancer
Laundry workers
Bleaches, soaps, alkalies
Dermatitis
Lead burners
Lead
Lead poisoning
Miners (coal, hard rock, metals, etc.)
Talc, radiation, metals, coal dust, silica
Pneumoconiosis, lung cancer
Natural gas workers
Polycyclic hydrocarbons
Lung cancer
Nuclear workers
Radiation, plutonium
Metal poisoning, cancer
Office workers
Poor lighting, poorly designed equipment
Joint problems, eye problems
Painters
Paints, solvents, spackling compounds
Neurologic problems
Paper makers
Acids, alkalies, solvents, metals
Lung disorders, dermatitis
Petroleum workers
Polycyclic hydrocarbons, catalysts, zeolites
Cancer, pneumoconiosis
Plumbers
Lead, solvents, asbestos
Lead poisoning
Railroad workers
Creosote, sunlight, oils, solvents
Cancer, dermatitis
Seamen
Sunlight, asbestos
Cancer, accidents
Smelter workers
Metals, heat, sulfur dioxide, arsenic
Cancer
Steel workers
Heat, metals, silica
Cataracts, heat stroke
Stone cutters
Silica
Silicosis
Textile workers
Cotton dust, fabrics, finishers, dyes, carbon disulfide
Byssinosis, dermatitis, psychosis
Varnish makers
Solvents, waxes
Dermatitis
Vineyard workers
Arsenic, pesticides
Cancer, dermatitis
Welders
Fumes, nonionizing radiation
Lead poisoning, cataracts
SOURCE: Reprinted, with permission, from Principles and Practice of Environmental Medicine, A.B. Tarcher, ed. Copyright 1992 by Plenum Publishing Co.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
environmental medicine