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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 87
Biographical Memoirs
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 87
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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 87
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Biographical Memoirs
VOLUME 87
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
WASHINGTON, D.C.
www.nap.edu
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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 87
The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by Act of Congress as a private, nonprofit, self-governing membership corporation for the furtherance of science and technology, required to advise the federal government upon request within its fields of competence. Under its corporate charter the Academy established the National Research Council in 1916, the National Academy of Engineering in 1964, and the Institute of Medicine in 1970.
Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER 0-309-09579-4
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER 0077-2933
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER 5-26629
Available from
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
500 FIFTH STREET, N.W. WASHINGTON, D.C. 20001
COPYRIGHT 2005 BY THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 87
CONTENTS
PREFACE
vii
LARS VALERIAN AHLFORS
BY FREDERICK GEHRING
3
GABRIEL A. ALMOND
BY SIDNEY VERBA, LUCIAN PYE, AND HEINZ EULAU
31
THOMAS FOXEN ANDERSON
BY ROBERT P. PERRY
51
JULIUS AXELROD
BY SOLOMON H. SNYDER
75
ELSO STERRENBERG BARGHOORN, JR.
BY LYNN MARGULIS AND ANDREW H. KNOLL
93
HERMAN SAMUEL BLOCH
BY JAMES P. SHOFFNER
111
JOSEPH W. CHAMBERLAIN
BY DONALD M. HUNTEN
131
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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 87
ANSLEY J. COALE
BY THOMAS J. ESPENSHADE, JAMES TRUSSELL, AND CHARLES F. WESTOFF
151
DONALD SHARP FREDRICKSON
BY JAMES B. WYNGAARDEN
165
JAMES HALL JR.
BY ROBERT H. DOTT JR.
181
ZELLIG SABBATAI HARRIS
BY W. C. WATT
199
HAROLD HOTELLING
BY K. J. ARROW AND E. L. LEHMANN
221
MARTIN GLOVER LARRABEE
BY DAVID R. BURT
235
MELVIN LAX
BY JOSEPH L. BIRMAN AND HERMAN Z. CUMMINS
251
LEONARD MANDEL
BY ROBERT J. SCULLY, MARLAN O. SCULLY, AND H. JEFF KIMBLE
275
RICHARD DRUMMOND MCKELVEY
BY THOMAS R. PALFREY
295
EUGENE PLEASANTS ODUM
BY GARY W. BARRETT
317
HARRISON SHULL
BY DONALD S. MCCLURE AND MICHAEL KASHA
333
HANS E. SUESS
BY HEINRICH WAENKE AND JAMES R. ARNOLD
355
RAYMOND ELLIOT ZIRKLE
BY ROBERT P. PERRY
375
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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 87
PREFACE
On March 3, 1863, Abraham Lincoln signed the Act of Incorporation that brought the National Academy of Sciences into being. In accordance with that original charter, the Academy is a private, honorary organization of scientists, elected for outstanding contributions to knowledge, who can be called upon to advise the federal government. As an institution the Academy’s goal is to work toward increasing scientific knowledge and to further the use of that knowledge for the general good.
The Biographical Memoirs, begun in 1877, are a series of volumes containing the life histories and selected bibliographies of deceased members of the Academy. Colleagues familiar with the discipline and the subject’s work prepare the essays. These volumes, then, contain a record of the life and work of our most distinguished leaders in the sciences, as witnessed and interpreted by their colleagues and peers. They form a biographical history of science in America—an important part of our nation’s contribution to the intellectual heritage of the world.
JOHN I. BRAUMAN
Home Secretary
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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 87
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