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APPENDIX G
WORK OF THE COMMITTEE
Section 7 of Public Law 95-623, the "Health Services Research,
Health Statistics, and Health Care Technology Act of 1978," calls for
an ongoing study that would estimate expected health benefits of
reducing environmental hazards and would lead to better data for
making such estimates. Because of the ongoing study's broad scope,
the Institute of Medicine agreed to do a planning study so that the
ongoing study could proceed within a feasible framework. The IOM
contract for the planning study began in September 1979.
The committee sought a wide range of views, holding a series of
workshops for representatives of labor, industry, environmental
groups, and officials from various levels of government. Persons
with relevant expertise in areas of data collection and statistics,
and in environmental health problems, provided the committee with
further information. The full committee held seven meetings. In
addition, there were small group meetings, the workshops, and an open
meeting.
Table G-1 summarizes the planning study's activities. These are
described in greater detail below.
The Panel on Health Costs met on January 4, 1980 in Palo Alto,
CA, to discuss the major issues involved in estimating costs of
environmental health effects, with Kenneth Arrow as chairman
Part ic ipant s were: Ralph d ' Arge; Anne Scitovsky; Alan Garber,
Nat tonal Bureau o f Economic Research, St anford, CA; and Thomas
Hodgson, National Center for Health Statistics, lIyattsville, MD.
The Environmental Public Interest Groups Workshop met on
January 15, 1980 in Washington, DC, with Evelyn Murphy as
chairperson. Don Price also attended. Participants were: Thomas
Conry, Environment Act ion Foundat ion, Washington, DC; Devra Davis,
the Environment al Law Inst itute, Washington, DC; Barbara Fegan,
League of Women Voters, Boston, MA; Thomas Hodgson, National Center
for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD; Eric Jansen, Friends of the
Earth, Washington, DC; Raphael Rasper, National Academy of Sciences,
Washing~t on, DC; Carol Oppenheimer, Center for Law and Social Policy,
Washington, DC; Glenn Paulson, Audubon Naturalist Society, New York,
NY; George Perkel, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Debbie
Sheiman, League of Women Voters , Washington, DC; Marcia Silcox,
Environmental Defense Fund, Inc., Washington, DC; Larry Silverman,
American Clean Water Association, Washington, DC; Eric Van Loon,
Union of Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA.
~ was held on January 16,
1980 in Washington, DC, to obtain views of representatives of the
G-1
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TABLE G-1. CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS RELATED TO PLANNING STUDY
DATE
EVENT
November 9, 1978
September 12, 1979
November 21, 1979
January 4, 1980
January 15, 1980
January 16, 1980
January 18, 1980
January 21-22, 198Q
February 27, 1980
March 14-15, 1980
March 26, 1980
April 8, 1980
May 5-6, 1980
May 7, 1980
May 28, 1980
June 20-21, 1980
July 27-28, 1980
October 20, 1980
January 1981
Public Law 95-623 passes.
Contract for planning study
awarded.
First committee meeting
Panel on Health Costs
Environmental Public Interest
Groups Workshop
Workshop on Interagency
Coordination
Workshop on Risk Assessment
Second committee meeting
Meeting to discuss hazards and
health effects that planning study
should address
Third committee meeting
Workshop for State and Local
Environmental Health Regulatory
Officials
Workshop on Data Needs for
Occupational Health Surveillance
Fourth committee meeting
Open Meeting
Workshop and drafting session on
Data Linkage
Fifth committee meeting
Sixth committee meeting
Seventh committee meeting
Planning study report completed
Go
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various federal agencies. Theodore Cooper, Evelyn Murphy, and Don
Price were workshop leaders. The following persons participated:
Joseph Blair, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC; Alan Carlin,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC; Edwin Clark,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC; Roland
Droitsch, U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, DC; Joseph Duncan,
U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC; Manning Feinleib,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Ml); Jacob Feldman, National
Center for Health Statistics, Hyatt sville, MD; John Froines, National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Rockville, MD; Karl
Goller, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC; Ruth
Hanft, U . S . Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC;
David Harrison, Council of Economic Advisors, Washington, DC; Richard
Heller, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington, DC;
Thomas Hodgson, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville,
MD; Raphael Rasper, National Academy of Sciences, Washington,-DS;
George Kingman, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,
Research Triangle Park, NC; Samuel Korper, U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services, Rockville, MD; Dan Maldonado, U.S. Regulatory
Council, Washington, DC; Harold Margulies, U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services, Rockville, MD; John Morrall, Council on Wage and
Price Stability, Washington, DC; Susie Nelson, Occupational Safety
and Health Administration, Washington, DC; Robert Nicholas, Council
on Environmental Quality, Washington, DC; Paul Portney, Council on
Environmental Quality, Washington, DC; David Rall, National Institute
of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC; Dorothy
Rice, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD; Joseph
Rodricks, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD; Daniel
Rubin, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Jean Rydle,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC; Marvin
Schneiderman, Clement Associates, Washington, DC; Miron Straf,
National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC; and Robert Tardiff, -
National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.
A Workshop on Risk Assessment met on January 18, 1980 in New
York, NY, with Joshua Lederberg as chairman. Other committee members
present were Theodore Cooper, Paul Marks, and Arthur Upton.
Participants were: Roy Albert, New York University, New York, NY;
Ivan Bennett, New York University, New York, NY; Robert Berliner,
Yale University, New Haven, CT; Edmund Crouch, Harvard University,
Cambridge, MA; Robert Ebert, Milbank Memorial Fund, New York, NY;
Richard Furlaud, Squibb Corporation, New York, NY; James Knill,
Squibb Corporation, New York, NY; William Lowrance, Stanford
University, Stanford, CA; Myron Mehlman, Mobil Oil Corporation,
Princeton, NJ; Rex Pinson, Pfizer, Inc., New York, NY; Frederick
Putney, Columbia University, New York, NY; Ross Reed, Squibb
Corporation, New York, NY; Marcus Reedenberg, Cornell University
Medical College, New York, NY; Ri chard Ri fkind, Co lumbia University,
New York, NY; Marvin Schneiderman, Clement Associates, Washington,
DC; and Bernard Weinstein, Columbia University, New York, NY.
G-3
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A ~ that the
planning study should address was held on February 27, 1980 in New
York, NY. The following persons participated: Roy Albert, New York
University, New York, NY; Paul Marks; Frederick Robbins; Arthur
Upton; and Richard Zeckhauser.
Officials met on March 26, 1980, in Washington, DeCe ~ with Evelyn
l
Murphy as workshop leader. The following people participated:
Robert K. Arnold, Columbus Health Department, Columbus, OH; Thomas E.
Baca, New Mexico Environmental Improvement Agency, Santa Fe, NM;
John M. Gaston, Sanitary Engineer Section, Berkeley, CA;
J.T. Hamrick, Department of Health and Human Resources, New Orleans,
LA; Frank Hoot, Baltimore City Health Department, Baltimore, MD;
J.B. Jackson, Jr., Council on the Environment, Richmond, VA; Alden
McLelland, Department of Environmental Protection, Trenton, NJ; James
Swenson, Department of Environmental Quality, Portland, OR; Peter
Warner, Wayne County Health Department, Detroit, MI.
met on April 8, 1980, in Washington, D.C., led by Philip Landrigan,
Irving Selikoff, and Herman Tyroler. Participant s were: Lawrence
Braslow, UeSe Department of Labor, Washington, DC; Merle Bundy, U.S.
Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA; Robert Copeland, U.S. Department
of Labor, Washington, DC; Jacob Feldman, National Center for Health
Statistics, Hyattsville, MD; John Froines, National Institute of
Occupational Safety and Health, Rockville, MD; Lawrence Haber, U.S.
Department of Commerce, Washington, DC; Michael Barrington, Geomet,
Gaithersburg, MD; Gerald Hillman, IBM Medical Systems Center,
Elmsford, NY; Karen HofEman, National Institute of Environmental
Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC; James Hughes, Kaiser
Aluminum and Chemical Corporation, Oakland, CA; Andrea Kopstein,
National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD; Walter
Kovalick, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC;
Sidney Pell, E.I. DuPont Nemours and Company, Wilmington, DE; Neil
Peterson, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC; William Powers,
Detroit, MI; Marvin Schneiderman, Clement Associates, Washington, DC;
Roy Widdus, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC; Rod
Wolford, International Brotherhood of Painters and Allied Trades,
Washington, DC.
An Ope= Meeting was held on May 7, 1980 in Washington, DC., with
Kenneth Arrow as chairman. Other committee members present were:
Theodore Cooper; Alexander Leaf; and Evelyn Murphy. Participants
were: Jeff Christy, Drug Research Reports, Washington, DC; Mike
Gough, Office of Technology Assessment, U.S. Congress, Washington,
DC; Robert Kurtz, Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington, DC;
Ann Norberg, Monsanto Company, Washington, DC; and Ralph Tart aglione,
Sigma Data Corporation, Washington, DC.
G-$
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A workshop and drafting session on Data Linkage was held on
May 28, 1980, in Washington, D.C., with Frederick Mosteller as
chairman. Other committee members who attended were: Philip
Landrigan, Herman Tyroler, and Richard Zeckhauser. The fol lowing
people participated: John Bailar, III, Journal of the National
Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Bruce Co~r
Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD; Theodore Col~ton, Dartmouth
Medical School, Hanover, NH; Morton Corn, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, En); Laurie Duncan, National Center for Health Statistics,
Hyattsville, MD; Rosalie Dunn, National Center for Health Statistics,
Hyattsville, MD; Jacob Feldman, National Center for Health
Statistics, Hyattsville, MD; Todd Frazier, National Institute for
Occupat tonal Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH; Teri Gardenier,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC; Lawrence Haber,
U. S . Department of Commerce, Washington, DC; Doreen Hill,
V.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC; Thomas Hodgson,
National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, M1); Paul
Leaverton, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute - Division of
Heart and Vascular Diseases, Bethesda, MD; Samuel Marcus, National
Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD; Jeffrey Perlman,
National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD; Ann Reid,
National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD; Dorothy Rice,
National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD; David
Sanchez, Jr., San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA;
Marvin Schneiderman, Clement Associates, Washington, DC; and Michael
Stoto, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
The following individuals met with the planning committee to
share viewpoints and expertise: Bruce Dohrenwend, College of
Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY; John
Fox, The City University, London, England; Nathan Karch, Clement
Associates, Washington, DC; and John Spengler, Harvard University
School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA.
Various people provided the staff with background information
related to particular environment-related health problems. These
persons included Arthur Bloom, College of Physicians & Surgeons of
Columbia University, New York, NY; Robert Brent, Jefferson Medical
College, Philadelphia, PA; Ben Locke, National Institute of Mental
Health, Rockville, MD; John Maher, Uniformed Services University of
Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD; Peter Spencer, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine, New York, NY; Raymond Suskind, University of Cincinnati,
Cincinnati, OH; Hyman Zimmerman, Veterans Administration Hospital,
Washingt on, DC .
Many other persons provided immeasurab le he lp t o the commit tee
and the National Academy of Sciences staff by sharing their insights
and providing reference materials. The committee and staff express
deep appreciat ion to them. Special thanks are due to the staff at
the National Center for Health Statistics for their continuing and
inva luable assistance
G~5
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List of Background Papers Prepared for the Committee
At the request of the committee, various background papers were
prepared by outside experts, consultants, and staff members. A list
of papers prepared by experts, consultants, and committee members
follows:
Baer, Rudolph. New York University Medical Center, New York, NY.
Environmental Factors in Dermatoses.
Barancik, Jerome. Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
Injury Control.
Brandt-Rauf , Paul. HofEmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ.
Evans, Hugh. New York University Medical Center, New York, By.
Environmental Threats to the Eye.
Jagiello, Georgiana. College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia
University, New York, NY. Environmental Hazards to Human Female
~E2~
Karch, Nathan. Clement Associates, Washington, DC. Overview of
Environmental Health Hazards.
Laties, Victor. University of Rochester Medical Center,
Rochester, NY. Assessing the Behavioral Impact of Environmental
Agent s .
Leaf, Alexander. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. Heart
Disease and Stroke--Environmental Factors.
Michael, Paul. Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
Assessment of Hearing Problems Related to Environmental Noise
Exposures.
Raiffa, Howard and Zeckhauser, Richard. Harvard University,
Cambridge, MA. Reporting of Uncertainties in Risk Analysis.
Skirball, David. University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH.
Relation of Environmental Factors to Respiratory Illness.
Upton, Arthur. New York University Medical Center, New York, NY.
Cancer.
-
Zeckhauser, Richard. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Reporting
_ _~t ~ b ~ __
G-6
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The following papers and background materials were prepared by
Institute of Medicine staff members:
Cureton, Mary. Water Quality and Its Effects On Etcattb
Garber, Alan.
Mandula, Barbara.
Costs of Health Effects
.
Neurotoxicity
.
Mortimer, Allyn. Environmenta1 Factors and Renal Toxicity._
Mortimer, Allyn.
Environmental Influences on Mental Illnesses and
Impairment .
Mortimer, Allyn. ~
Lead .
G-7
-
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Representative terms from entire chapter:
planning study