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Prior to 1976, federal highway funds could only be used for the construction of new highways or the reconstruction of existing highways. The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1976 allowed the use of federal aid for resurfacing, restoration, and rehabilitation (3R) projects on federal-aid highways. However, in 1976 there were no standards for 3R improvements.

The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 876: Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects presents a rational approach for estimating the cost-effectiveness of including safety and operational improvements in a resurfacing, restoration, or rehabilitation (3R) project.

The approach uses the performance of the existing road in estimating the benefits and cost-effectiveness of proposed design improvements. These guidelines are intended to replace TRB Special Report 214: Designing Safer Roads: Practices for Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation.

Supplemental materials include NCHRP Web-Only Document 244: Developing Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects. Two spreadsheet tools for benefit–cost analysis in support of design decisions for 3R projects also accompany the report. Spreadsheet Tool 1 is a tool for analysis of a single design alternative or combination of alternatives. Spreadsheet Tool 2 is a tool for comparison of several design alternatives or combinations of alternatives.

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Suggested Citation

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25206.

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Publication Info

234 pages |  8.5 x 11 |  DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/25206
Chapters skim
Front Matter i-viii
Summary 1-4
Chapter 1 - Introduction 5-7
Chapter 2 - What Are 3R Projects? 8-10
Chapter 3 - Process for 3R Project Development 11-18
Chapter 4 - Managing a 3R Program to Reduce Crash Frequency and Severity 19-45
Chapter 5 - Application of Benefit Cost Analysis for 3R Projects 46-97
Chapter 6 - 3R Project Design Guidelines for Specific Roadway Types 98-124
Chapter 7 - Summary of 3R Design Guidelines 125-127
Acronyms and Abbreviations 128-128
References 129-130
Appendix A - User s Guide for Spreadsheet Tool 1 131-178
Appendix B - User s Guide for Spreadsheet Tool 2 179-223
Appendix C - Updated Crash Cost Estimates 224-228

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