%!PS-Adobe-2.0 %%Title: computer 2 %%Creator: PageMaker 4.01 %%CreationDate: 6-5-1992, 8:58:25 %%For: Station PS %%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792 %%Pages: 40 0 %%DocumentPrinterRequired: "" "" %%DocumentFonts: (atend) %%DocumentSuppliedFonts: (atend) %%DocumentNeededFonts: (atend) %%DocumentNeededProcSets: %%DocumentSuppliedProcSets: AldusDict2 209 55 %%DocumentPaperSizes: Letter %%EndComments %%BeginFile: PatchFile userdict /AldusDict known {(A previous version PageMaker header is loaded.) = flush} if %%EndFile %%BeginProcSet: AldusDict2 209 55 % 209 55 AldusVersion/AldRevision: This record must be first!! % Copyright (C) 1987 Aldus Corporation. All rights reserved. /AldusDict2 325 dict def AldusDict2 begin /AldusVersion 209 def /AldusRev 55 def /bdef { bind def } bind def systemdict /currentpacking known {/AD_OldPacking currentpacking def true setpacking } if /AD_PrevMatrix matrix def /AD_SomethingOnPage false def /AD_OutlineWidth 30 def /AD_ShadOffset 0.06 def /AD_OLShadOffset 0.06 def /AD_OLSmearFact 0.03 def /AD_BoldSmearFact 0.03 def /AD_ObliqueAngle -0.21 def /AD_TrueSetscreen /setscreen load def /AD_NestedMirror false def /AD_TextCutout false def /BEGJOB { /AD_Invert exch def dup AD_NestedMirror xor /AD_NestedMirror exch def /AD_MirrorFlag exch def /AD_WideFlag exch def /paperwid exch def /paperht exch def /AD_Resolution 1440 def /AD_PointsToUCS AD_Resolution 72 div def AD_PrevMatrix currentmatrix pop /AD_PrevScreen [currentscreen] def /AD_PrevTransfer currenttransfer def /AD_StdScreen true def /STD_SCREEN { AD_StdScreen not { AD_PrevScreen cvx exec setscreen /AD_PrevTransfer load settransfer /AD_StdScreen true assign }if } def true _SetCoordSys version (23.) anchorsearch { pop pop /truesetgray /setgray load def /setgray { mark AD_Invert {.0 .0 .06 .1 .28 .48 .56 .68 .82 .9 .98 1.0 } {1.0 1.0 .98 .9 .82 .68 .56 .48 .28 .1 .06 .0 } ifelse counttomark dup 3 add -1 roll exch 2 sub mul dup floor cvi dup 3 1 roll sub exch dup 3 add index exch 2 add index dup 4 1 roll sub mul add counttomark 1 add 1 roll cleartomark truesetgray } def } { pop } ifelse /screenAdjust 1 0 dtransform exch atan def /mirrorScreen AD_NestedMirror {/neg load} {{}} ifelse def /setscreen {exch screenAdjust add mirrorScreen exch AD_TrueSetscreen} def } def /_SetCoordSys { /AD_OldSys exch def AD_WideFlag { AD_OldSys { 90 rotate 1 AD_PointsToUCS div dup neg scale } { 1 AD_PointsToUCS div dup neg scale paperht paperwid neg translate 90 rotate } ifelse } { 1 AD_PointsToUCS div dup neg scale 0 paperht neg translate } ifelse AD_MirrorFlag { paperwid 0 translate -1 1 scale } if /AD_DeviceScale 1 1 transform pop 0 0 transform pop sub abs def } bdef /SETRES { /AD_Resolution exch def /AD_PointsToUCS AD_Resolution 72 div def AD_PrevMatrix setmatrix false _SetCoordSys _DefinePatterns } bdef /SETOVERPRINT { setoverprint } bdef /SETTEXTCUTOUT { /AD_TextCutout exch def } bdef /BEGPAGE { /AD_SomethingOnPage false def } bdef /ENDPAGE { AD_SomethingOnPage { save showpage restore } if } def /MUST_PRINT_PAGE { /AD_SomethingOnPage true def } bdef /ENDJOB { AD_PrevMatrix setmatrix } bdef /S_PSCRIPT { /AD_SomethingOnPage true def } bdef /S_TEXTSEGBEG { /here save def /TX_RunDrawn false def newpath } bdef /S_TEXTSEGEND { TX_RunDrawn { here restore /AD_SomethingOnPage true def } { here restore } ifelse } bdef /S_WORKING { /AD_WorkingMemory exch def } bdef /S_LOADFONT { AldusDict2 /AD_TopOfFonts known exch { { AD_TopOfFonts restore } if } { not { save /AD_TopOfFonts exch def } if } ifelse } bdef /SURSTR { AD_SomethingOnPage SUsv restore } bdef /SUSAVE { AldusDict2 /AD_TopOfFonts known vmstatus exch sub exch pop AD_WorkingMemory lt { dup { AD_TopOfFonts restore } if } if not { save /AD_TopOfFonts exch def } if save /SUsv exch def /AD_SomethingOnPage exch def } bdef /_ftName 66 string def /_AutoRecode { /recode exch def _ftName cvs dup length 7 gt { dup 0 7 getinterval (|______) eq { dup length 7 exch 7 sub getinterval recode { FTRECODE } { FTRENAME } ifelse } { pop } ifelse } { pop } ifelse } bdef /SYM_SAV { save /SYMsv exch def } bdef /SYM_RSTR { AD_SomethingOnPage SYMsv restore /AD_SomethingOnPage exch def } bdef /AD_save_xform null def /SET_TX_XFORM { /m_x exch def /r_angle exch def /ref_y exch def /ref_x exch def /AD_save_xform save def ref_x ref_y translate m_x { -1 1 scale } if r_angle neg rotate ref_x neg ref_y neg translate } bind def /CLEAR_TX_XFORM { AD_SomethingOnPage AD_save_xform restore /AD_SomethingOnPage exch def } bind def /SHADOWFLAG 16#1 def /OUTLINEFLAG 16#2 def /BOLDSMEAR 16#4 def /OUTLINESMEAR 16#8 def /ReENCODED 16#10 def /BOLDPSBUMP 16#20 def /ITALICOBLIQUE 16#40 def /SET { count 5 eq not{6 array astore}if /AD_textcolor exch def /AD_fontbits exch def /AD_20EMS exch def 1 index FontDirectory exch known not { 1 index ReENCODED AD_fontbits _iand _AutoRecode } if BOLDPSBUMP AD_fontbits _iand { 1 add } if dup _ActivateFont ITALICOBLIQUE AD_fontbits _iand { _ActivateObliqueFont } if /AD_width_factor_internal AD_width_factor def AD_width_factor 1 ne { currentfont [AD_width_factor 0 0 1 0 0] makefont setfont } if /AD_EmNotMatch AD_20EMS 20 div (M) _ADStringWidth pop sub abs 1 gt def false SETTEXTCUTOUT } bdef /S_SETUPRUN /SET load def /OUT { /here save def /runwidth exch def /nspaces exch def /nchars exch def /textrun exch def /letterspace exch def /wordspace exch def /y1 exch def /x1 exch def nchars 0 gt { AD_textcolor dup _Gray? {setgray} {aload pop {PREGISCOLOR}{PCOLOR}ifelse } ifelse /letterspace AD_EmNotMatch { runwidth textrun _ADStringWidth pop nchars dup 1 gt {1 sub} if letterspace mul add nspaces wordspace mul add sub nchars dup 1 gt {1 sub} if div } { 0 } ifelse letterspace add def SHADOWFLAG AD_fontbits _iand { save OUTLINEFLAG AD_fontbits _iand { _OLShadowOffset } { AD_textcolor _Gray?{_ShadowScreen}if AD_textcolor _ShadowColor _ShadowOffset } ifelse OUTLINEFLAG AD_fontbits _iand OUTLINESMEAR AD_fontbits _iand not and { _ActivateSolidFont _SetTextWidth } if AD_TextCutout {1 setgray} if _ShowRun BOLDSMEAR AD_fontbits _iand { _BoldSmearOffset _ShowRun } if restore } if OUTLINEFLAG AD_fontbits _iand OUTLINESMEAR AD_fontbits _iand and { _OLSmearRun } { OUTLINEFLAG AD_fontbits _iand { save _ActivateSolidFont _SetTextWidth AD_textcolor _Gray? AD_textcolor _White? or { AD_textcolor _White? {0} {_TextFillColor} ifelse setgray } { 1 setgray }ifelse _ShowRun restore } if _ShowRun BOLDSMEAR AD_fontbits _iand { _BoldSmearOffset _ShowRun } if } ifelse } if here restore /AD_SomethingOnPage true def } bdef /S_OUTPUTRUN /OUT load def /_ADStringWidth { gsave closepath clip stringwidth grestore } bdef /_OLSmearRun { gsave _OLSmearOffset translate _ShowRun grestore gsave _OLSmearOffset exch neg exch translate _ShowRun grestore gsave _OLSmearOffset neg translate _ShowRun grestore gsave _OLSmearOffset neg exch neg exch translate _ShowRun grestore gsave AD_textcolor _Gray? AD_textcolor _White? or { AD_textcolor _White? {0} { _TextFillColor} ifelse setgray } { 1 setgray }ifelse _ShowRun grestore } bdef /_TextFillColor { AD_TextCutout {1} {1 AD_textcolor sub} ifelse } bdef /_ShowRun { x1 y1 moveto wordspace 0 8#040 letterspace 0 textrun awidthshow } bdef /AD_width_factor_internal 1 def /_SetTextWidth { AD_width_factor_internal 1 ne { currentfont [AD_width_factor_internal 0 0 1 0 0] makefont setfont } if } bdef /AD_save_textwidth null def /SET_TEXT_WIDTH { /AD_width_factor_internal exch def /AD_save_textwidth save def _SetTextWidth } bdef /RESTORE_TEXT_WIDTH { AD_SomethingOnPage AD_save_textwidth restore /AD_SomethingOnPage exch def /AD_width_factor_internal 1 def } bdef /AD_width_factor 1 def /SET_TX_WIDTH { /AD_width_factor exch def } bdef /CLEAR_TX_WIDTH { /AD_width_factor 1 def } bdef /S_UNDERLINE { /here save def count 7 eq not{6 array astore}if /color exch def /pointsize exch def /width exch def /deltay exch def /baseline exch def /rightx exch def /leftx exch def currentfont /FontInfo known { currentfont /FontInfo get /UnderlinePosition known { /deltay currentfont /FontInfo get /UnderlinePosition get currentfont /FontMatrix get 3 get mul pointsize AD_fontscale AD_PointsToUCS div div mul def } if currentfont /FontInfo get /UnderlineThickness known { /width currentfont /FontInfo get /UnderlineThickness get currentfont /FontMatrix get 3 get abs mul pointsize AD_fontscale AD_PointsToUCS div div mul def } if } if /underliney 0 baseline deltay add transform round exch round exch itransform exch pop def color dup _Gray? {setgray}{aload pop {PREGISCOLOR}{PCOLOR}ifelse }ifelse width setlinewidth SHADOWFLAG AD_fontbits _iand { save OUTLINEFLAG AD_fontbits _iand { _OLShadowOffset } { color _Gray?{_ShadowScreen}if color _ShadowColor _ShadowOffset } ifelse leftx underliney rightx underliney _ShowUnderline restore } if leftx underliney rightx underliney _ShowUnderline OUTLINEFLAG AD_fontbits _iand OUTLINESMEAR AD_fontbits _iand not and { save color _Gray?{1 color sub setgray} {0 0 0 0 setcmykcolor }ifelse /AD_OutlineWidth AD_OutlineWidth 1000 div AD_fontscale mul def width 3 AD_OutlineWidth mul ge { width 2 AD_OutlineWidth mul sub } { width 3 div } ifelse setlinewidth leftx AD_OutlineWidth add underliney rightx AD_OutlineWidth sub underliney _ShowUnderline restore } if here restore /AD_SomethingOnPage true def } bdef /_ShowUnderline { newpath moveto lineto stroke } bdef /S_STRIKETHRU { /here save def count 4 eq not{6 array astore}if /color exch def /y exch def /rightx exch def /leftx exch def /y 0 y transform round exch round exch itransform exch pop def color _Gray? {color setgray}{color aload pop {PREGISCOLOR}{PCOLOR}ifelse }ifelse _StrikeThruWidth setlinewidth newpath leftx y moveto rightx y lineto stroke here restore /AD_SomethingOnPage true def } bdef /DV_DRAW_TEXT { /here save def /text exch def /y exch def /x exch def Black setgray (Helvetica-Bold) FTRECODE /|______Helvetica-Bold 9 dup _ActivateFont x y moveto text show here restore /AD_SomethingOnPage true def } bdef /DV_DRAW_BOX { /here save def /draftflag exch def /shadowflag exch def /y2 exch def /x2 exch def /y1 exch def /x1 exch def AD_PointsToUCS 2 div setlinewidth newpath x1 y1 moveto x1 y2 lineto x2 y2 lineto x2 y1 lineto closepath shadowflag { gsave STD_SCREEN 0.5 setgray fill grestore} { gsave 1.0 setgray fill grestore 0.0 setgray stroke } ifelse draftflag { x1 y1 moveto x2 y2 lineto stroke x2 y1 moveto x1 y2 lineto stroke } if here restore /AD_SomethingOnPage true def } bdef /DV_DRAW_LINE { /here save def /lw exch def /y2 exch def /x2 exch def /y1 exch def /x1 exch def x1 y1 transform round exch round exch itransform /y1 exch def /x1 exch def x2 y2 transform round exch round exch itransform /y2 exch def /x2 exch def 0 lw transform round exch round exch itransform /lw exch def pop lw setlinewidth 0 setseparationgray newpath x1 y1 moveto x2 y2 lineto stroke here restore /AD_SomethingOnPage true def } def /DV_DRAW_CIRCLE { /here save def /lw exch def /r exch def /y exch def /x exch def x y transform round exch round exch itransform /y exch def /x exch def 0 r transform round exch round exch itransform /r exch def pop 0 lw transform round exch round exch itransform /lw exch def pop lw setlinewidth Black setgray newpath x y r 0 360 arc stroke here restore /AD_SomethingOnPage true def } bdef /_ActivateFont { /AD_fontscale exch AD_PointsToUCS mul def /AD_fontscaleX exch AD_PointsToUCS mul def /AD_fontname exch def AD_fontname findfont [ AD_fontscaleX 0 0 AD_fontscale neg 0 0 ] makefont setfont } bdef /_ActivateObliqueFont { AD_fontname findfont [ AD_fontscaleX 0 0 AD_fontscale neg 0 0 ] [ 1 0 AD_ObliqueAngle 1 0 0 ] matrix concatmatrix makefont setfont } bdef /_ActivateSolidFont { AD_solidfont AD_fontscaleX AD_PointsToUCS div AD_fontscale AD_PointsToUCS div _ActivateFont } bdef /_ShadowOffset { AD_ShadOffset AD_fontscaleX mul AD_ShadOffset AD_fontscale mul translate } bdef /_OLShadowOffset { AD_OLShadOffset AD_fontscaleX mul AD_OLShadOffset AD_fontscale mul translate } bdef /_ShadowScreen { 100 AD_PrevScreen 1 get AD_PrevScreen 2 get setscreen } bdef /_ShadowColor { dup _Gray? exch dup _White? 3 -1 roll or { dup _White? {pop 1 }if 0.6 mul 0.8 exch sub setgray} {_ShadeColor }ifelse } bdef /_ShadeColor { /AldusTint .2 def aload pop {PREGISCOLOR}{PCOLOR}ifelse /AldusTint 1 def } bdef /_Gray? { dup type 0 type eq exch type 0.0 type eq or } bdef /_White? { dup type [] type eq {aload pop pop pop add add add 0 eq {true}{false }ifelse }{pop false }ifelse } bdef /PCOLOR { findcmykcustomcolor AD_NonSepPat {1 currentgray sub setcustomcolor} {AldusTint setcustomcolor}ifelse } def /ndf { 1 index where {pop pop pop}{dup xcheck {bind }if def }ifelse } bdef /setoverprint { AldusDict2 begin /AD_Overprint exch def end }ndf /currentoverprint { AldusDict2 /AD_Overprint get }ndf /setcmykcoloroverprint { 4{dup -1 eq{pop 0}if 4 1 roll}repeat setcmykcolor }ndf /findcmykcustomcolor { 5 /packedarray where {pop packedarray}{array astore readonly }ifelse }ndf /setcustomcolor { exch aload pop pop 4 {4 index mul 4 1 roll } repeat setcmykcolor pop }ndf /setcmykcolor { 1 exch sub _Ccmyk _Ccmyk _Ccmyk pop setrgbcolor }ndf /customcolorimage { pop image }ndf /separationimage { image }ndf /setseparationgray { setgray }ndf /_Ccmyk { dup 5 -1 roll sub 0 _Max exch }bdef /_Max { 2 copy lt {exch }if pop } bdef /_OLSmearOffset { AD_OLSmearFact AD_fontscaleX mul AD_OLSmearFact AD_fontscale mul } bdef /_BoldSmearOffset { AD_BoldSmearFact AD_fontscaleX mul AD_BoldSmearFact AD_fontscale mul translate } bdef /_StrikeThruWidth { AD_fontscale 16 div } bdef /_iand { and 0 ne } bdef /FTRENAME { dup (|______) exch ftMakeName cvn /NewName local FontDirectory NewName known {pop} {cvn findfont dup maxlength dict false copyDict dup /FontName known {dup /FontName NewName put} if NewName exch definefont pop } ifelse } bdef /FTRECODE { dup (|______) exch ftMakeName cvn /NewName local FontDirectory NewName known {pop} {cvn findfont dup maxlength dict false copyDict dup /FontName known {dup /FontName NewName put} if dup /Encoding MacEncoding put NewName exch definefont pop } ifelse } bdef /AD_encode_vector_size 256 def /AD_encode_vector null def /AD_doing_recoding false def /BEG_RECODE { dup (|______) exch ftMakeName cvn /NewName local FontDirectory NewName known { pop /AD_doing_recoding false def /AD_encode_vector null def } {cvn findfont dup maxlength dict false copyDict dup /FontName known {dup /FontName NewName put} if /AD_encode_vector AD_encode_vector_size array def dup begin Encoding AD_encode_vector copy pop end dup /Encoding AD_encode_vector put NewName exch definefont pop /AD_doing_recoding true def AD_encode_vector dup } ifelse } bdef /ENCODE_CHAR { AD_doing_recoding { put dup } { pop pop } ifelse } bdef /END_RECODE { AD_doing_recoding { pop pop } if /AD_doing_recoding false def /AD_encode_vector null def } bdef /FTOUTLINE { ReENCODED FTOLINE } bdef /FTOLINE { /AD_fontbits exch def cvn /OlineName local dup /AD_solidfont exch def AD_solidfont FontDirectory exch known not { AD_solidfont ReENCODED AD_fontbits _iand _AutoRecode } if FontDirectory OlineName known {pop} {cvn findfont dup maxlength 2 add dict true copyDict dup /FontName known {dup /FontName OlineName put} if dup /PaintType 2 put dup /StrokeWidth AD_OutlineWidth put OlineName exch definefont pop } ifelse } bdef /AD_nameString1 66 string def /ftMakeName { 1 index length /PrefixLen local dup length PrefixLen add AD_nameString1 exch 0 exch getinterval dup PrefixLen 4 -1 roll putinterval dup 0 4 -1 roll putinterval } bdef /copyDict { /NoUnique local begin { 1 index /FID ne NoUnique {2 index /UniqueID ne and} if { def } { pop pop } ifelse } forall currentdict end } bdef /MacEncoding 256 array def MacEncoding 0 /Times-Roman findfont /Encoding get 0 128 getinterval putinterval MacEncoding 16#27 /quotesingle put MacEncoding 16#60 /grave put /Adieresis /Aring /Ccedilla /Eacute /Ntilde /Odieresis /Udieresis /aacute /agrave /acircumflex /adieresis /atilde /aring /ccedilla /eacute /egrave /ecircumflex /edieresis /iacute /igrave /icircumflex /idieresis /ntilde /oacute /ograve /ocircumflex /odieresis /otilde /uacute /ugrave /ucircumflex /udieresis /dagger /degree /cent /sterling /section /bullet /paragraph /germandbls /registersans /copyrightsans /trademarksans /acute /dieresis /notequal /AE /Oslash /infinity /plusminus /lessequal /greaterequal /yen /mu /partialdiff /summation /product /pi /integral /ordfeminine /ordmasculine /Omega /ae /oslash /questiondown /exclamdown /logicalnot /radical /florin /approxequal /Delta /guillemotleft /guillemotright /ellipsis /space /Agrave /Atilde /Otilde /OE /oe /endash /emdash /quotedblleft /quotedblright /quoteleft /quoteright /divide /lozenge /ydieresis /Ydieresis /fraction /currency /guilsinglleft /guilsinglright /fi /fl /daggerdbl /periodcentered /quotesinglbase /quotedblbase /perthousand /Acircumflex /Ecircumflex /Aacute /Edieresis /Egrave /Iacute /Icircumflex /Idieresis /Igrave /Oacute /Ocircumflex /apple /Ograve /Uacute /Ucircumflex /Ugrave /dotlessi /circumflex /tilde /macron /breve /dotaccent /ring /cedilla /hungarumlaut /ogonek /caron MacEncoding 128 128 getinterval astore pop /getAnInt{2 getinterval dup 0 get 16#100 mul exch 1 get add cvi}def /CharBitStr 30 string def /BuildCharDict 16 dict def /AFONT { gsave /FName local /BMFSize local 1 add /LastChar local /FirstChar local /DefChar LastChar FirstChar sub 2 mul def 20 dict dup begin 10 1 roll /LocTableLen local /OWTableLen local /BMRowLen local /PixelHeight local /FontWidth local /MaxWidth local /MaxKern local /Descent local /Ascent local /Bits BMRowLen PixelHeight mul string currentfile exch readhexstring pop def /LocTable LocTableLen string currentfile exch readhexstring pop def /OWTable OWTableLen string currentfile exch readhexstring pop def /FontType 3 def /FontMatrix matrix def /FontBBox[MaxKern Descent neg MaxWidth MaxKern add Ascent]def /Encoding 256 array def Encoding 0 MacEncoding 0 256 getinterval putinterval /Mummble 257 array def 0 1 256{Mummble exch DefChar put}for FirstChar 1 LastChar{Mummble exch dup FirstChar sub 2 mul put}for /BuildChar { BuildCharDict begin /1Char local /FDict local FDict /Mummble get 1Char get /2Char local FDict /OWTable get 2Char getAnInt 16#FFFF eq {/2Char DefChar assign}if FDict /LocTable get 2Char getAnInt /BitLoc local FDict /LocTable get 2Char 2 add getAnInt BitLoc sub /BitWidth local BitLoc 8 mod /ShiftVal local 16#FF 8 ShiftVal sub dup neg /RemShift local bitshift 16#FF and /BMask local 16#FF 8 BitLoc BitWidth add 8 mod sub dup 8 ge{pop 0}if BitWidth 0 eq{pop 8}if bitshift /AMask local BitWidth ShiftVal add 7 add 8 idiv dup 0 eq{pop 1}if /ByteWidth local BitLoc 8 idiv /WhichRow local FDict /OWTable get 2Char get cvi /Offset local FDict /OWTable get 2Char 1 add get cvi /Charwidth local Charwidth 0 BMFSize divPoint FDict /MaxKern get FDict /Descent get neg BMFSize divPoint BitWidth Offset add FDict /MaxKern get add FDict /Ascent get BMFSize divPoint setcachedevice gsave ByteWidth 8 mul FDict /PixelHeight get true [FDict /PixelHeight get FDict /Descent get sub 1 add 0 0 FDict /PixelHeight get FDict /Descent get sub 1 add neg Offset neg 0.5 add FDict /PixelHeight get FDict /Descent get sub 0.5 add] { FDict /Bits get WhichRow ByteWidth getinterval CharBitStr copy /ThisRow local 16#100 ByteWidth 1 sub 1 neg 0 { /iV local ThisRow iV get 1 index 16#100 eq{AMask and}if dup BMask and RemShift bitshift 3 1 roll ShiftVal bitshift add 16#FF and cvi ThisRow iV 3 -1 roll put }for pop ThisRow /WhichRow WhichRow FDict /BMRowLen get add assign } imagemask grestore end }def end FontDirectory FName cvn known {pop} {FName cvn exch definefont pop} ifelse grestore }def /AldusTint 1 def /AD_Overprint false def /AD_NonSepPat false def /const /def load def /var /def load def /local[/exch load /def load]cvx def /assign /def load def /incr{dup cvx exec 1 add assign}bdef /postIncr{dup cvx exec exch incr}bdef /SpaceChar 16#20 const /cvPA{2 array astore cvx}bdef /point{cvPA def}bdef /locPoint{3 1 roll point}bdef /pointXpoint{3 -1 roll mul 3 1 roll mul exch}bdef /pointDpoint{3 -1 roll exch div 3 1 roll div exch}bdef /setPoint{load astore pop}bdef /dupPoint{2 copy}bdef /addPoint{exch 4 -1 roll add 3 1 roll add}bdef /subPoint{exch 3 1 roll sub 3 1 roll sub exch}bdef /mulPoint{dup pointXpoint}bdef /divPoint{dup pointDpoint}bdef /exchPoint{4 2 roll}bdef /overPoint{3 index 3 index}bdef /anyStatD systemdict /statusdict known const /thisProduct anyStatD {statusdict /product known{statusdict /product get}{()}ifelse} {()}ifelse const /PerCentChg 1.0 -1.0 point /boxPath{/y2 local /x2 local /y1 local /x1 local x1 y1 moveto x2 y1 lineto x2 y2 lineto x1 y2 lineto closepath}bdef /dump{4{pop}repeat}bdef /rBoxPath{/r local /y2 local /x2 local /y1 local /x1 local x1 r add y1 moveto x2 y1 x2 y2 r arcto dump x2 y2 x1 y2 r arcto dump x1 y2 x1 y1 r arcto dump x1 y1 x2 y1 r arcto dump closepath}bdef /SaveMatrix matrix var /ButtCap 0 const /SquareCap 2 const /MiterJoin 0 const /BevelJoin 2 const /Black 0 const /White 1 const /Wide 0 const /Narrow 1 const /PictPostScript false var /isHairline false var /PBEGIN{ dup not {save /PSave exch def} if /isLBO exch def /PBotRight locPoint /PTopLeft locPoint isLBO not {newpath PTopLeft PBotRight boxPath clip} if newpath isLBO {ButtCap}{SquareCap} ifelse setlinecap MiterJoin setlinejoin 3 setmiterlimit AD_PointsToUCS setlinewidth /deviceRound { dup AD_DeviceScale mul round AD_DeviceScale div dup 0 eq { pop } { exch pop } ifelse } def /HairWidth AD_PointsToUCS 4 div AD_DeviceScale mul deviceRound dup 1.5 lt { pop 0 } if const Black setgray /LineScale 1 var /LineWidth AD_PointsToUCS var /LineHeight AD_PointsToUCS var /DoingWedge false var /DoingArc false var AldusDict2 /PatternShade known not { /psb {} bdef /pse {} bdef /PatternShade Black var /DeclaredPattern <00> var /PCurPat <01> var } if }bdef /PEND{ newpath isLBO not {PSave restore} if /AD_SomethingOnPage true def }bdef /SetPattern { dup /PatternShade exch def setgray } bdef /bitison{ /ybit local /xbit local PCurPat ybit PatWidth mul xbit 8 idiv add get 1 7 xbit 8 mod AD_NestedMirror {exch pop}{sub} ifelse bitshift and 0 ne}bdef /PSHADE{ STD_SCREEN 100 div dup /PatternShade exch def /AD_NonSepPat true def setgray <01> /PCurPat local } def /BK { /AD_NonSepPat true def Black setgray } bdef /WT { /AD_NonSepPat true def White setgray } bdef /PBLACK /BK load def /PWHITE /WT load def /PREGISCOLOR { pop AD_NonSepPat { pop currentgray}{AldusTint mul 1 exch sub}ifelse setseparationgray pop pop pop } bdef /PUSETHISPATTERN { dup PCurPat eq {pop}{ PPATTERN } ifelse PatternShade /AD_NonSepPat true def setgray /VerifyUsedPattern false def } bdef /PUSEPATTERN { VerifyUsedPattern {DeclaredPattern PCurPat ne {DeclaredPattern PPATTERN} if } if PatternShade setgray /VerifyUsedPattern false def } bdef /PDECLAREPATTERN { /DeclaredPattern exch def /VerifyUsedPattern true def /AD_NonSepPat true def } bdef /PatWidth 1 const /PatSide 8 const /PFreq 300 32 div const /PPATTERN{/PCurPat local /AD_NonSepPat true def /VerifyUsedPattern false def 0 /Onbits local 0 /Offbits local AD_Invert {{1 exch sub} settransfer} {{} settransfer} ifelse PFreq PerCentChg pop dup 0.96 eq {pop}{div}ifelse 0 { 1 1 addPoint 2 divPoint PatSide mulPoint cvi exch cvi exch bitison AD_Invert xor {/Onbits incr 1} {/Offbits incr 0}ifelse } setscreen Offbits dup Onbits add div AD_Invert {1 exch sub} if SetPattern /AD_StdScreen false assign}def /vertLines{pop dup mul -2 mul 1 add}bdef /sPat { AD_Invert {{1 exch sub} settransfer} {{} settransfer} ifelse setscreen setgray }def /PALDUSSHADE { <11> /PCurPat local /AD_NonSepPat true def /AD_StdScreen false assign Wide eq { 0.774 20 45 {vertLines} sPat } { 0.643 30 45 {vertLines} sPat } ifelse } bdef /PHAIRWIDTH { HairWidth setlinewidth /isHairline true def } bdef /LW { LineScale mul deviceRound /LineHeight exch def LineScale mul deviceRound dup /LineWidth exch def setlinewidth /isHairline false def }bdef /PLNWIDTH /LW load def /PLNSCALE{div /LineScale exch def} bdef /roundCoord { 0.5 add round 0.5 sub } bdef /roundPoint { transform round exch round exch itransform } bdef /adjCoord { dup 1 AD_DeviceScale div gt { deviceRound 2 div } { pop .5 AD_DeviceScale div } ifelse } bdef /pULAdj{ roundPoint currentlinewidth adjCoord LineHeight adjCoord addPoint }bdef /pLRAdj{ roundPoint currentlinewidth adjCoord LineHeight adjCoord subPoint }bdef /QD_LINE { /qd_save save def /y2 exch def /x2 exch def /y1 exch def /x1 exch def x1 x2 gt { x1 y1 x2 y2 /y1 exch def /x1 exch def /y2 exch def /x2 exch def } if newpath y1 y2 gt { x1 y1 moveto x2 y2 lineto x2 LineWidth add dup y2 lineto y2 LineHeight add lineto x1 LineWidth add y1 LineHeight add lineto x1 y1 LineHeight add lineto x1 y1 lineto } { x1 y1 moveto x1 LineWidth add y1 lineto x2 LineWidth add dup y2 lineto y2 LineHeight add lineto x2 y2 LineHeight add lineto x1 y1 LineHeight add lineto x1 y1 lineto } ifelse closepath eofill qd_save restore } bdef /PLINETO { PictPostScript { moveto lineto } { /y2 exch def /x2 exch def /y1 exch def /x1 exch def currentlinecap ButtCap setlinecap newpath x1 x2 eq y1 y2 eq and { LineWidth 1 le LineHeight 1 le and { x1 y1 moveto } { x1 y1 x1 LineWidth add y1 LineHeight add boxPath fill} ifelse } { y1 y2 eq { LineWidth x1 x2 lt { x2 add /x2 exch def } { x1 add /x1 exch def } ifelse LineHeight setlinewidth x1 y1 LineHeight 2 div add roundPoint moveto x2 y2 LineHeight 2 div add roundPoint lineto mayStroke } { x1 x2 eq { LineHeight y1 y2 lt { y2 add /y2 exch def } { y1 add /y1 exch def } ifelse x1 LineWidth 2 div add y1 roundPoint moveto x2 LineWidth 2 div add y2 roundPoint lineto mayStroke } { x1 y1 pULAdj moveto x2 y2 pULAdj lineto mayStroke } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse setlinecap } ifelse }bdef /HairRect { save /here exch def /y2 exch def /x2 exch def /y1 exch def /x1 exch def PHAIRWIDTH newpath x1 x2 sub abs y1 y2 sub abs lt { x1 x2 add 2 div dup y1 roundPoint moveto y2 roundPoint lineto stroke} { y1 y2 add 2 div dup x1 exch roundPoint moveto x2 exch roundPoint lineto stroke} ifelse here restore } bdef /PHAIRLINE { count 4 gt { newpath PHAIRWIDTH addPoint 2 divPoint roundPoint moveto addPoint 2 divPoint roundPoint lineto pop pop stroke } { HairRect } ifelse } bdef /PHANGLINE { roundPoint /yb exch def /xr exch def roundPoint /yt exch def /xl exch def deviceRound /delta exch def { {yt delta sub /yt exch def} {yb delta add /yb exch def} ifelse } { {xl delta sub /xl exch def} {xr delta add /xr exch def} ifelse } ifelse newpath 1 AD_DeviceScale div 2 div dup dupPoint xl yt addPoint exchPoint xr yb exchPoint subPoint boxPath fill } bdef /PCURVETO { curveto } bdef /PMOVETO { moveto } bdef /PRECT{newpath pLRAdj exchPoint pULAdj exchPoint boxPath}bdef /PRRECT { pLRAdj /Botts locPoint pULAdj /Tops locPoint currentlinewidth dup subPoint /Diams locPoint newpath SaveMatrix currentmatrix pop Botts Tops subPoint /Sides locPoint Sides pop abs Diams pop ge{Diams}{Sides}ifelse pop Sides exch pop abs Diams exch pop ge{Diams}{Sides}ifelse exch pop /Diams locPoint Diams 2 div /YRad local 0 gt {Diams exch pop 0 eq {1} {Diams div} ifelse } {1}ifelse 1 /PRRscale locPoint Tops translate PRRscale scale 0 0 Sides PRRscale pointDpoint Diams 0 gt exch 0 gt and{YRad rBoxPath}{boxPath}ifelse SaveMatrix setmatrix}bdef /POVAL{newpath SaveMatrix currentmatrix pop 0 359 false pArc closepath SaveMatrix setmatrix}bdef /PARC{ newpath SaveMatrix currentmatrix pop /DoingArc true assign false pArc SaveMatrix setmatrix }bdef /PWEDGE{newpath SaveMatrix currentmatrix pop /DoingWedge true assign true pArc closepath SaveMatrix setmatrix }bdef /modAdj{ dup 360 gt{360 sub}if dup 0 lt{360 add}if}bdef /pArc{/Fill local /ArcAng local /BegAng local pLRAdj /PLR locPoint pULAdj /PUL locPoint 360 BegAng ArcAng add sub 90 add modAdj /StartAng local StartAng ArcAng add /EndAng local PLR PUL subPoint 2 divPoint /Rad locPoint PUL Rad addPoint translate Rad neg scale Fill{0 0 moveto}if 0 0 1 StartAng EndAng dupPoint eq {pop pop 0 359 arc closepath} {ArcAng 0 lt {arcn}{arc}ifelse } ifelse }bdef /PBEGPOLY{ newpath pULAdj moveto }bdef /PBEGSMOOTHPOLY { newpath } bdef /PPOLYPOINT { pULAdj lineto } bdef /PENDPOLY{ /Closed local Closed{closepath}if }bdef /PENDSMOOTHPOLY { PENDPOLY } bdef /PBEGRGN{mark}bdef /PREGION{PRECT cleartomark}bdef /PTXBEG {/PTSave1 save const} bdef /PROTATE { currentdict /PRotateSave known not {save /PRotateSave exch def} if 3 1 roll dupPoint neg exch neg exch 5 2 roll translate rotate translate } bdef /PHFLIP { currentdict /PRotateSave known not {save /PRotateSave exch def} if dupPoint neg exch neg exch 4 2 roll translate -1 1 scale translate } bdef /PVFLIP { currentdict /PRotateSave known not {save /PRotateSave exch def} if dupPoint neg exch neg exch 4 2 roll translate 1 -1 scale translate } bdef /PROTATE_END { PRotateSave restore } bdef /PSCALETEXT { AD_PointsToUCS mul div /Xscale exch def AD_PointsToUCS mul div /Yscale exch def currentfont [ Xscale 0 0 Yscale 0 0 ] makefont setfont /AD_fontscaleX AD_fontscaleX Xscale mul def /AD_fontscale AD_fontscale Yscale mul def } bdef /PSTBEG { userdict /md known not { userdict begin /md 0 def end } if PBLACK /PictPostScript true def } bdef /PSTEND { /PictPostScript false def } bdef /mayStroke{ currentlinewidth 0 gt isHairline or { gsave /s_matrix null def /stroke_xform false def DoingWedge {MiterJoin setlinejoin} if currentlinewidth 1 AD_DeviceScale div sub setlinewidth LineWidth LineHeight ne { /s_matrix matrix currentmatrix def 1 LineHeight LineWidth div scale /stroke_xform true def } if stroke stroke_xform {s_matrix setmatrix} if grestore } if /DoingWedge false assign } bdef /RESET_PAT_SEP { /AD_NonSepPat false def } bdef /PFRAME{mayStroke RESET_PAT_SEP}bdef /PPAINT { mayStroke gsave eofill grestore RESET_PAT_SEP }bdef /PERASE { mayStroke gsave eofill grestore RESET_PAT_SEP }bdef /PFILL { mayStroke gsave eofill grestore RESET_PAT_SEP }bdef /PTINT { 100 exch sub 100 div /AldusTint exch def } bdef /PRESETTINT { AldusTint 1 eq not {/AldusTint 1 def }if } bdef /PHORZSHADE { 0 eq {/widehorz}{/narrowhorz }ifelse findfont _OpaquePatternfill } bdef /PVERTSHADE { 0 eq {/widevert}{/narrowvert }ifelse findfont _OpaquePatternfill } bdef /PHATCHSHADE { 0 eq {/widehatch}{/narrowhatch }ifelse findfont _OpaquePatternfill } bdef /PDIAGSHADE { 0 eq {/widediag}{/narrowdiag }ifelse findfont _OpaquePatternfill } bdef /_SetCoords { /y2 local /x2 local /y1 local /x1 local } bdef /_DefinePattern { 7 dict begin /FontDict 9 dict def FontDict begin /cache exch def /key exch def /proc exch cvx def /mtx exch matrix invertmatrix def /height exch def /width exch def /ctm matrix currentmatrix def /ptm matrix identmatrix def /str (12345678901234567890123456789012) def end /FontBBox [ 0 0 FontDict /width get FontDict /height get ] def /FontMatrix FontDict /mtx get def /Encoding StandardEncoding def /FontType 3 def /BuildChar { pop begin FontDict begin width 0 cache { 0 0 width height setcachedevice }{ setcharwidth } ifelse 0 0 moveto width 0 lineto width height lineto 0 height lineto closepath clip newpath gsave proc grestore end end } def FontDict /key get currentdict definefont end } bind def /_Patternpath { dup type /dicttype eq { begin FontDict /ctm get setmatrix }{ exch begin FontDict /ctm get setmatrix concat } ifelse currentdict setfont FontDict begin FontMatrix concat width 0 dtransform round width div exch round width div exch 0 height dtransform round height div exch round height div exch 0 0 transform round exch round exch ptm astore setmatrix pathbbox height div ceiling height mul 4 1 roll width div ceiling width mul 4 1 roll height div floor height mul 4 1 roll width div floor width mul 4 1 roll 2 index sub height div ceiling cvi exch 3 index sub width div ceiling cvi exch 4 2 roll moveto FontMatrix ptm invertmatrix pop { gsave ptm concat dup str length idiv { str show } repeat dup str length mod str exch 0 exch getinterval show grestore 0 height rmoveto } repeat pop end end } bind def /_Patternfill { gsave clip _Patternpath grestore newpath } bind def /_OpaquePatternfill { gsave 0 0 0 0 setcmykcolor fill grestore _Patternfill } bind def /_DefinePatterns { /AD_PatternLW .009375 AD_Resolution mul def /narrowdiagunit .046666 AD_Resolution mul def narrowdiagunit narrowdiagunit [1 0 0 1 0 0] { SquareCap setlinecap 0 narrowdiagunit 2 div moveto narrowdiagunit 2 div 0 lineto narrowdiagunit 2 div narrowdiagunit moveto narrowdiagunit narrowdiagunit 2 div lineto AD_PatternLW setlinewidth stroke } bind /narrowdiag true _DefinePattern pop /widediagunit .073333 AD_Resolution mul def widediagunit widediagunit [1 0 0 1 0 0] { SquareCap setlinecap 0 widediagunit 2 div moveto widediagunit 2 div 0 lineto widediagunit 2 div widediagunit moveto widediagunit widediagunit 2 div lineto AD_PatternLW setlinewidth stroke } bind /widediag true _DefinePattern pop /narrowhorzunit .053333 AD_Resolution mul def narrowhorzunit narrowhorzunit [1 0 0 1 0 0] { SquareCap setlinecap 0 narrowhorzunit 2 div moveto narrowhorzunit narrowhorzunit 2 div lineto AD_PatternLW setlinewidth stroke } bind /narrowhorz true _DefinePattern pop /widehorzunit .106666 AD_Resolution mul def widehorzunit widehorzunit [1 0 0 1 0 0] { SquareCap setlinecap 0 widehorzunit 2 div moveto widehorzunit widehorzunit 2 div lineto AD_PatternLW setlinewidth stroke } bind /widehorz true _DefinePattern pop /narrowvertunit .053333 AD_Resolution mul def narrowvertunit narrowvertunit [1 0 0 1 0 0] { SquareCap setlinecap narrowvertunit 2 div 0 moveto narrowvertunit 2 div narrowvertunit lineto AD_PatternLW setlinewidth stroke } bind /narrowvert true _DefinePattern pop /widevertunit .106666 AD_Resolution mul def widevertunit widevertunit [1 0 0 1 0 0] { SquareCap setlinecap widevertunit 2 div 0 moveto widevertunit 2 div widevertunit lineto AD_PatternLW setlinewidth stroke } bind /widevert true _DefinePattern pop /narrowhatchunit .053333 AD_Resolution mul def narrowhatchunit narrowhatchunit [1 0 0 1 0 0] { SquareCap setlinecap narrowhatchunit 2 div 0 moveto narrowhatchunit 2 div narrowhatchunit lineto 0 narrowhatchunit 2 div moveto narrowhatchunit narrowhatchunit 2 div lineto AD_PatternLW setlinewidth stroke } bind /narrowhatch true _DefinePattern pop /widehatchunit .106666 AD_Resolution mul def widehatchunit widehatchunit [1 0 0 1 0 0] { SquareCap setlinecap widehatchunit 2 div 0 moveto widehatchunit 2 div widehatchunit lineto 0 widehatchunit 2 div moveto widehatchunit widehatchunit 2 div lineto AD_PatternLW setlinewidth stroke } bind /widehatch true _DefinePattern pop } version (23.) anchorsearch {pop pop def}{pop bdef} ifelse systemdict /currentpacking known {AD_OldPacking setpacking} if /AldusDone AldusVersion def end %%EndProcSet %%EndProlog AldusDict2 begin %%BeginSetup letter mark { mark 1.0 1.0 .92 .76 .64 .54 .44 .36 .28 .2 .1 .0 counttomark dup 3 add -1 roll exch 2 sub mul dup floor cvi dup 3 1 roll sub exch dup 3 add index exch 2 add index dup 4 1 roll sub mul add counttomark 1 add 1 roll cleartomark } bind %%Feature: NormalizedTransfer settransfer erasepage cleartomark /#copies 1 def (Station PS; document: computer 2) statusdict /jobname 3 -1 roll put statusdict /waittimeout 300 put 13970 10795 false false false BEGJOB 1270 SETRES 45000 S_WORKING save /SUsv exch def %%EndSetup %%Page: 55 1 BEGPAGE AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse true S_LOADFONT %%IncludeFont: Palatino-Italic (Palatino-Italic) FTRECODE SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 80 100 mul 1000 div 2660 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2540 2134 7.0318 3.5273 (LOOKING TO THE FUTURE OF CS&E) 29 5 2560 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 8079 2134 0.0000 -0.1574 (55) 2 0 176 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 5327 11853 0.0000 -0.1574 (55) 2 0 176 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse true S_LOADFONT %%IncludeFont: Palatino-Roman (Palatino-Roman) FTRECODE SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 180 100 mul 1000 div 6000 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 5318 2634 0.0000 0.0000 (2) 1 0 159 OUT 3081 3692 15.8296 7.9367 (Looking to the Futur) 20 3 3120 OUT 6195 3692 15.8296 7.9367 (e of CS&E) 9 2 1518 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse true S_LOADFONT %%IncludeFont: Palatino-Bold (Palatino-Bold) FTRECODE SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4205 6773 8.8097 4.4092 (BROADENING THE FIELD) 20 2 2384 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 7091 17.0522 4.4092 (The time has come for the CS&E community to adopt a broader) 59 11 5397 OUT 2540 7302 12.3881 4.4092 (agenda that builds on the traditional strengths and interests of com-) 69 10 5715 OUT 2540 7514 16.9012 4.4092 (puter scientists and engineers. In particular, a broader agenda asks) 69 10 5715 OUT 2540 7726 8.7513 4.4092 (the community to:) 17 2 1520 OUT 2857 8043 0.0000 0.0000 (�) 1 0 107 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3069 8043 6.7681 4.4092 (Look outward as well as inward.) 31 5 2463 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 5532 8043 6.7681 4.4092 ( A broader agenda would legiti-) 32 6 2723 OUT 2540 8255 12.4265 4.4092 (mize closer couplings to science, engineering, commerce, and indus-) 67 8 5715 OUT 2540 8467 26.4006 4.4092 (try. The committee believes that outward-looking interactions will) 67 8 5715 OUT 2540 8678 21.2341 4.4092 (enrich CS&E as a discipline by identifying new and challenging re-) 66 10 5715 OUT 2540 8890 42.0743 4.4092 (search problems, and will provide valuable assistance to those in) 65 9 5715 OUT 2540 9102 42.0057 4.4092 (science, engineering, commerce, and industry whose problems re-) 63 7 5715 OUT 2540 9313 8.8671 4.4092 (quire the best talent and expertise that CS&E has to offer.) 59 10 4798 OUT 2857 9525 0.0000 0.0000 (�) 1 0 107 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3069 9525 17.2317 4.4092 (Encourage greater interaction between research $especially theoreti-) 68 6 5186 OUT 2540 9737 12.0965 4.4092 (cal research$ and computing practice.) 37 4 2858 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 5398 9737 12.0967 4.4093 ( CS&E has a tradition of deriving) 34 7 2857 OUT 2540 9948 0.0000 3.3967 (inspiration and richness from practice, and, in turn, contributing clean) 72 9 5715 OUT 2540 10160 7.2735 4.4092 (concepts and fundamental theory that have been effective in further-) 68 9 5715 OUT 2540 10372 38.0934 4.4092 (ing computing practice. This tradition is well represented by the) 66 10 5715 OUT 2540 10583 0.9232 4.4092 (extensive interplay between theory and practice in programming lan-) 67 8 5715 OUT 2540 10795 0.7144 4.4092 (guages and compiler design, databases, machine architecture, operat-) 68 7 5715 OUT 2540 11007 24.0061 4.4092 (ing systems, distributed computing, and computer graphics. How-) 64 8 5715 OUT 2540 11218 38.4113 4.4092 (ever, as CS&E has matured, the theoretical side of many of these) 64 11 5715 OUT 2540 11430 11.0849 4.4092 (areas has become more inwardly focused. This is not altogether un-) 67 11 5715 OUT ENDPAGE %%Page: 56 2 BEGPAGE AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2557 2134 0.0000 -0.1574 (56) 2 0 176 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 80 100 mul 1000 div 2660 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 6396 2134 6.9510 3.5273 (COMPUTING THE FUTURE) 20 2 1876 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2539 5609 39.3088 4.4092 (desirable, but it is crucial that researchers working in these areas) 68 10 5715 OUT 2539 5821 35.0402 4.4092 (maintain an active effort to draw inspiration from practice and to) 66 10 5715 OUT 2539 6032 2.5190 4.4092 (continue to rise to the challenge of making a difference to the outside) 71 12 5715 OUT 2539 6244 28.4063 4.4092 (world. Box 2.1 illustrates possible connections between theoretical) 68 8 5715 OUT 2539 6456 6.8577 4.4092 (research and computing practice that arise in the context of the High) 69 11 5715 OUT 2539 6667 8.7390 4.4092 (Performance Computing and Communications Program.) 49 4 4685 OUT 2857 6985 34.6677 4.4092 (The committee�s belief in the wisdom of a broader agenda for) 60 10 5397 OUT 2539 7197 6.0669 4.4092 (CS&E is based on several considerations. The first is that computing) 69 11 5715 OUT 2539 7408 29.9002 4.4092 (most often serves disciplines and areas other than CS&E; even the) 65 10 5715 OUT 2539 7620 26.9907 4.4092 (practice of such a characteristic CS&E topic as designing computer) 66 9 5715 OUT 2539 7832 0.3580 4.4092 (languages cannot be fully abstracted away from application domains,) 67 8 5715 OUT 2539 8043 25.1941 4.4092 (a point all too often overlooked in CS&E�s search for the generally) 67 11 5715 OUT 2539 8255 22.7332 4.4092 (applicable. It would, for example, be folly to try to build even the) 69 13 5715 OUT 2539 8467 10.4389 4.4092 (framework of a computer language for music composition without a) 64 9 5715 OUT 2539 8678 9.9794 4.4092 (background in music. Beyond the inescapable engineering substrate) 66 8 5715 OUT 2539 8890 33.2566 4.4092 (of digital electronics and communications, computer scientists and) 66 7 5715 OUT 2539 9102 3.3356 4.4092 (engineers need to have some appreciation for the economics, finance,) 68 9 5715 OUT 2539 9313 17.1204 4.4092 (and administration intrinsic to business, the mathematics and phys-) 67 8 5715 OUT 2539 9525 13.5387 4.4092 (ics behind engineering, and the mathematics and other sciences that) 67 9 5715 OUT 2539 9737 8.8580 4.4092 (underlie computing applications in industry.) 44 4 3729 OUT 2857 9948 41.0153 4.4092 (Moreover, the number of problem domains to which CS&E is) 56 9 5397 OUT 2539 10160 19.7821 4.4092 (directly relevant will grow dramatically over time as a direct result) 69 10 5715 OUT 2539 10372 23.0447 4.4092 (of the increasing proliferation of computing into all sectors of soci-) 70 10 5715 OUT 2539 10583 30.3409 4.4092 (ety. Thus broadening presents major intellectual opportunities for) 67 8 5715 OUT 2539 10795 16.5513 4.4092 (researchers in CS&E. A precedent to keep in mind in this regard is) 67 13 5715 OUT 2539 11007 8.7414 4.4092 (that of mathematics $Box 2.2$.) 30 4 2471 OUT 2857 11218 9.0730 4.4092 (Finally, nonroutine applications of computing technology to oth-) 64 7 5397 OUT 2539 11430 22.2431 4.4092 (er problem domains can be regarded as explorations undertaken to) 64 9 5715 OUT 0. 0. 10795. 13970. true PBEGIN 0. 0. LW 90. PTINT 2548. 2408. 8245. 5000. PRECT 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) PCOLOR PPAINT PRESETTINT 9. 9. LW 2539. 2399. 8254. 5009. PRECT 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) PCOLOR PFRAME PRESETTINT PEND AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse true S_LOADFONT %%IncludeFont: Optima (Optima) FTRECODE SUSAVE /|______Optima 90 100 mul 1000 div 2820 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2897 2793 8.8262 4.4100 (BOX 2.1) 7 1 631 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse true S_LOADFONT %%IncludeFont: Optima-Bold (Optima-Bold) FTRECODE SUSAVE /|______Optima-Bold 90 100 mul 1000 div 2820 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3528 2793 8.8262 4.4091 ( ) 1 1 57 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Optima 90 100 mul 1000 div 2820 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3585 2793 8.8259 4.4102 ( SOME AREAS OF THEORETICAL WORK IN COMPUTER) 45 9 4313 OUT 3639 2987 8.9055 4.4101 (SCIENCE RELEVANT TO THE HPCC PROGRAM) 36 5 3515 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Optima 90 100 mul 1000 div 2820 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3016 3323 0.0000 0.0000 (�) 1 0 96 OUT 3174 3323 8.8140 4.4101 (Numerical and parallel algorithms) 33 3 2505 OUT 3016 3517 0.0000 0.0000 (�) 1 0 96 OUT 3174 3517 8.7447 4.4101 (Queuing theory and network flow algorithms) 42 5 3303 OUT 3016 3711 0.0000 0.0000 (�) 1 0 96 OUT 3174 3711 8.7476 4.4101 (Efficient pattern matching $including dynamic programming$) 58 5 4414 OUT 3016 3905 0.0000 0.0000 (�) 1 0 96 OUT 3174 3905 8.7179 4.4101 (Graph theory and graph embeddings) 33 4 2690 OUT 2857 4293 20.0488 4.4101 (SOURCE: National Research Council, ) 36 5 2932 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse true S_LOADFONT %%IncludeFont: Optima-Oblique (Optima-Oblique) FTRECODE SUSAVE /|______Optima-Oblique 90 100 mul 1000 div 2820 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 5789 4293 20.0494 4.4102 (Mathematical Foundations of) 27 2 2148 OUT 2857 4487 7.8125 4.4102 (High-Performance Computing and Communications,) 46 3 3834 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Optima 90 100 mul 1000 div 2820 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 6691 4487 7.8123 4.4100 ( National Acade-) 16 2 1246 OUT 2857 4681 8.8445 4.4101 (my Press, Washington, D.C., 1991, p. 27.) 40 6 3066 OUT ENDPAGE %%Page: 57 3 BEGPAGE AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 80 100 mul 1000 div 2660 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2540 2134 7.0318 3.5273 (LOOKING TO THE FUTURE OF CS&E) 29 5 2560 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 8079 2134 0.0000 -0.1574 (57) 2 0 176 OUT 0. 0. 10795. 13970. true PBEGIN 0. 0. LW 90. PTINT 2549. 2408. 8246. 9851. PRECT 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) PCOLOR PPAINT PRESETTINT 9. 9. LW 2540. 2399. 8255. 9860. PRECT 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) PCOLOR PFRAME PRESETTINT PEND AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2540 10398 43.0677 4.4092 (understand empirically the actual utility of a given generation of) 66 9 5715 OUT 2540 10610 20.0317 4.4092 (computing technology. If computer scientists and engineers are in-) 67 9 5715 OUT 2540 10821 22.8499 4.4092 (volved in the design, implementation, and analysis of these experi-) 67 9 5715 OUT 2540 11033 11.3951 4.4092 (ments, inadequacies in any given generation of computing technolo-) 66 8 5715 OUT 2540 11245 0.0000 3.7232 (gy will be better understood, laying the groundwork for the invention) 69 10 5715 OUT 2540 11456 8.7138 4.4092 (of the next generation.) 23 3 1870 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Optima 90 100 mul 1000 div 2820 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2985 2793 8.8429 4.4101 (BOX 2.2 THE PRECEDENT OF THE MATHEMATICS DISCIPLINE) 53 9 4825 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Optima 90 100 mul 1000 div 2820 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3016 3129 9.7345 4.4101 (Progress in mathematics has often been stimulated by the develop-) 65 9 4921 OUT 2857 3323 23.9058 4.4101 (ment of new techniques invented to solve hard problems suggested) 64 9 5080 OUT 2857 3517 20.4811 4.4101 (by outside applications as well as by the inner logic of the subject.) 69 12 5080 OUT 2857 3711 41.5447 4.4101 (These new techniques have then been explored for their intrinsic) 64 9 5080 OUT 2857 3905 26.9563 4.4101 (mathematical interest, abstracted, and incorporated with the rest of) 68 8 5080 OUT 2857 4099 40.1761 4.4101 (mathematics. Mathematics has prospered by balancing these two) 62 8 5080 OUT 2857 4293 11.6379 4.4101 (influences on its development�its own inner logic and the demands) 65 9 5080 OUT 2857 4487 10.7678 4.4101 (of applications. Indeed, it is worth recalling the words of one of the) 71 13 5080 OUT 2857 4681 39.0832 4.4101 (foremost mathematicians of all time $and computer pioneer$, John) 64 8 5080 OUT 2857 4875 8.5971 4.4101 (von Neumann:) 12 1 1080 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Optima 80 100 mul 1000 div 2500 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3175 5197 20.9825 3.9200 (As a mathematical discipline travels far from its empirical source, or) 70 10 4604 OUT 3016 5373 0.5496 3.9200 (still more, if it is a second and third generation only indirectly inspired by) 78 13 4762 OUT 3016 5550 19.6111 3.9200 (ideas coming from �reality,� it is beset with very grave dangers. It be-) 73 13 4762 OUT 3016 5726 12.9447 3.9200 (comes more and more purely aestheticizing, more and more purely ) 64 10 4512 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Optima-Oblique 80 100 mul 1000 div 2500 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 7528 5726 0.0000 3.9200 (l�art) 5 0 251 OUT 3016 5903 9.1777 3.9199 (pour l�art. ) 12 2 700 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Optima 80 100 mul 1000 div 2500 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3716 5903 9.1780 3.9201 ( This need not be bad, if the field is surrounded by correlated) 63 12 4062 OUT 3016 6079 25.4221 3.9200 (subjects, which still have closer empirical connections, or if the disci-) 73 10 4762 OUT 3016 6255 3.0424 3.9200 (pline is under the influence of men with an exceptionally well-developed) 72 10 4762 OUT 3016 6432 7.5145 3.9200 (taste. But there is a grave danger that the subject will develop along the) 75 14 4762 OUT 3016 6608 11.7507 3.9200 (line of least resistance, that the stream, so far from its source, will sepa-) 77 13 4762 OUT 3016 6784 1.6949 3.9200 (rate into a multitude of insignificant branches, and that the discipline will) 77 11 4762 OUT 3016 6961 7.8535 3.9200 (become a disorganized mass of details and complexities. . . .) 61 10 3999 OUT 3175 7137 13.8749 3.9200 ([W]henever this stage is reached, the only remedy seems to me to be) 67 12 4604 OUT 3016 7314 29.6931 3.9200 (the rejuvenating return to the source: the reinjection of more or less) 71 12 4762 OUT 3016 7490 3.2370 3.9200 (directly empirical ideas. I am convinced that this was a necessary condi-) 74 12 4762 OUT 3016 7666 7.7619 3.9200 (tion to conserve the freshness and the vitality of the subject and that this) 76 13 4762 OUT 3016 7843 12.4256 3.9200 (will remain so in the future. $John von Neumann, �The Mathematician�) 69 11 4762 OUT 3016 8019 5.8152 3.9195 (in ) 3 1 174 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Optima-Oblique 80 100 mul 1000 div 2500 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3190 8019 5.8155 3.9201 (The Works of the Mind,) 22 4 1552 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Optima 80 100 mul 1000 div 2500 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4743 8019 5.8155 3.9200 ( edited by R.B. Heywood, University of Chica-) 45 7 3036 OUT 3016 8196 7.7872 3.9200 (go Press, 1947, pp. 180-196.$) 29 4 1937 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Optima 90 100 mul 1000 div 2820 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3016 8526 14.2843 4.4101 (Similarly, CS&E has its own inner logic. But CS&E cuts off poten-) 66 12 4921 OUT 2857 8720 15.9671 4.4101 (tially interesting areas of inquiry if it chooses to avoid the computa-) 71 11 5080 OUT 2857 8914 24.3893 4.4101 (tional problems of other disciplines. CS&E, too, must learn to bal-) 68 11 5080 OUT 2857 9108 0.0000 3.8728 (ance these diverse influences, on the one hand developing the science) 69 10 5080 OUT 2857 9302 31.9997 4.4101 (base for computing and systems design and on the other hand re-) 63 11 5080 OUT 2857 9496 8.8971 4.4101 (sponding to outside challenges and technological developments.) 62 6 4742 OUT ENDPAGE %%Page: 58 4 BEGPAGE AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2557 2134 0.0000 -0.1574 (58) 2 0 176 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 80 100 mul 1000 div 2660 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 6396 2134 6.9510 3.5273 (COMPUTING THE FUTURE) 20 2 1876 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 2540 30.6934 4.4092 (A second consideration is that regardless of whether computer) 61 8 5397 OUT 2539 2752 0.0000 3.4003 (scientists and engineers participate, computing ) 48 5 3876 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 6415 2752 0.0000 3.4004 (will) 4 0 288 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 6703 2752 0.0000 3.4003 ( continue its march) 19 3 1551 OUT 2539 2963 29.7927 4.4092 (into the various sectors of science, engineering, commerce, and in-) 67 9 5715 OUT 2539 3175 19.3557 4.4092 (dustry. But as argued in Chapter 1, the future will belong to those) 68 13 5715 OUT 2539 3387 24.4622 4.4092 (who understand best how to apply new computing technologies to) 62 9 5715 OUT 2539 3598 35.1209 4.4092 (an ever wider range of problem domains; computer scientists and) 63 9 5715 OUT 2539 3810 0.6543 4.4092 (engineers are ideally situated both to create these technologies and to) 71 10 5715 OUT 2539 4022 18.6471 4.4092 (understand and articulate the appropriate application of these tech-) 68 8 5715 OUT 2539 4233 16.0953 4.4092 (nologies to other domains. Indeed, specialists in other areas are of-) 70 11 5715 OUT 2539 4445 26.2467 4.4092 (ten unable to articulate the computing aspects of the problem they) 66 10 5715 OUT 2539 4657 28.2385 4.4092 (want solved. If CS&E professionals remain uninvolved with other) 64 9 5715 OUT 2539 4868 31.0939 4.4092 (areas, the application of computing to those areas will most likely) 67 10 5715 OUT 2539 5080 14.1768 4.4092 (not reflect the most current or most relevant work that CS&E has to) 67 12 5715 OUT 2539 5292 0.0000 4.4098 (offer.) 6 0 434 OUT 2857 5503 22.1597 4.4092 (The pace as well as direction of the information revolution will) 64 10 5397 OUT 2539 5715 10.5089 4.4092 (also be affected by the participation of computer scientists and engi-) 70 10 5715 OUT 2539 5927 19.5994 4.4092 (neers. Developments that may occur decades in the future without) 65 10 5715 OUT 2539 6138 21.5704 4.4092 (their participation may be only years away with it. The committee) 66 11 5715 OUT 2539 6350 44.0969 4.4961 (believes that dramatic improvements in computing efficiency and) 63 7 5715 OUT 2539 6562 9.4039 4.4092 (performance will be possible only with the full participation of com-) 69 10 5715 OUT 2539 6773 8.8176 4.4092 (puter scientists and engineers.) 31 3 2517 OUT 2857 6985 14.7602 4.4092 (The third consideration is one of recognizing social responsibili-) 66 8 5397 OUT 2539 7197 7.4877 4.4092 (ty. As Robert M. White, president of the National Academy of Engi-) 67 12 5715 OUT 2539 7408 8.7126 4.4092 (neering, has argued,) 20 2 1691 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 90 100 mul 1000 div 3000 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3016 7697 31.0829 3.9683 (Investments in research and development have to have an eco-) 60 9 4921 OUT 2857 7891 0.0000 3.6710 (nomic, social, or defense payback. Science and engineering research,) 69 9 5080 OUT 2857 8085 1.1951 3.9683 (like any other [federally funded] activity in this country, has a social) 72 11 5080 OUT 2857 8279 1.5037 3.9683 (purpose, and it must justify expenditures in ways that can be under-) 68 11 5080 OUT 2857 8473 19.7202 3.9683 (stood and lead to the social and economic betterment of the coun-) 65 11 5080 OUT 2857 8667 0.0000 4.7828 (try.) 4 0 261 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 63 100 mul 1000 div 2100 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3118 8614 0.0000 0.0000 (1) 1 0 56 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 8978 4.4116 4.4092 (Given the growing ubiquity of computing in all sectors of society) 65 10 5397 OUT 2539 9190 9.3915 4.4092 (and the intimate connection between computing and CS&E, research) 64 8 5715 OUT 2539 9401 43.8216 4.4092 (in CS&E among all the science and engineering disciplines has a) 63 10 5715 OUT 2539 9613 8.7933 4.4092 (particularly powerful justification with respect to social payback.) 67 7 5418 OUT 2857 9825 22.0686 4.4092 (The fourth consideration is that CS&E itself may contribute im-) 63 9 5397 OUT 2539 10036 27.6216 4.4092 (portant intellectual abstractions to other fields. Such contributions) 70 8 5715 OUT 2539 10248 33.8683 4.4092 (may be serendipitous, but when these applications do occur, their) 65 9 5715 OUT 2539 10460 8.8116 4.4092 (intellectual reach is often quite compelling. Consider the following:) 70 9 5665 OUT 2857 10777 0.0000 0.0000 (�) 1 0 107 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3069 10777 19.5612 4.4092 (The study of chaos, fractals, and dynamical systems.) 52 7 4069 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 7138 10777 19.5615 4.4093 ( While work) 12 3 1117 OUT 2539 10989 1.2420 4.4092 (in this area goes back to the late 1800s $the days of Poincar�$, modern) 71 13 5715 OUT 2539 11201 24.7220 4.4092 (computation has rejuvenated this work and underscored its impor-) 64 8 5715 OUT 2539 11412 18.2765 4.4092 (tance. Many of today�s insights into chaotic phenomena are the di-) 67 11 5715 OUT ENDPAGE %%Page: 59 5 BEGPAGE AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 80 100 mul 1000 div 2660 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2540 2134 7.0318 3.5273 (LOOKING TO THE FUTURE OF CS&E) 29 5 2560 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 8079 2134 0.0000 -0.1574 (59) 2 0 176 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2540 2540 8.1667 4.4092 (rect result of extensive computational experimentation with dynami-) 67 7 5715 OUT 2540 2752 17.4951 4.4092 (cal systems and are often displayed in graphical form. A computer) 66 11 5715 OUT 2540 2963 2.4533 4.4092 (can be used essentially as a laboratory for experimental mathematics;) 69 9 5715 OUT 2540 3175 10.5967 4.4092 (as a result, computer-generated visualizations of chaotic phenomena) 67 7 5715 OUT 2540 3387 6.4093 4.4092 (at ever higher resolutions have led to conjectures about their proper-) 70 10 5715 OUT 2540 3598 9.1256 4.4092 (ties, which can then be addressed in a mathematically rigorous fash-) 68 10 5715 OUT 2540 3810 0.0000 5.3572 (ion.) 4 0 316 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 70 100 mul 1000 div 2340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2856 3751 0.0000 0.0000 (2) 1 0 62 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 4022 0.0000 3.5576 ( � ) 4 3 253 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3110 4022 0.0000 3.5575 (Cognitive psychology.) 21 1 1646 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4756 4022 0.0000 3.5576 ( The conceptualization of the human brain) 42 7 3499 OUT 2540 4233 12.2866 4.4092 (as a computational information processor, perhaps operating in par-) 67 8 5715 OUT 2540 4445 11.5027 4.4092 (allel, has emerged as an important paradigm for the investigation of) 68 10 5715 OUT 2540 4657 11.2646 4.4092 (human cognitive processes. A computational model allows�indeed) 63 7 5715 OUT 2540 4868 33.5600 4.4092 (requires�researchers in cognitive psychology to formulate explicit) 66 6 5715 OUT 2540 5080 8.8816 4.4092 (and testable models of cognition.) 33 4 2751 OUT 2857 5292 0.0000 0.0000 (�) 1 0 107 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3069 5292 8.3863 4.4092 (The study of algorithms in mathematics.) 39 5 3078 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 6147 5292 8.3863 4.4092 ( The study of algorithms) 25 5 2108 OUT 2540 5503 22.9768 4.4092 (and computational complexity $i.e., the complexity of mathematical) 66 7 5715 OUT 2540 5715 29.5721 4.4092 (processes$ has added completely new chapters to mathematical re-) 64 8 5715 OUT 2540 5927 35.4870 4.4092 (search. The classification by computer scientists of computational) 67 8 5715 OUT 2540 6138 0.0000 3.4747 (problems into large classes of problems of equivalent complexity $e.g.,) 71 9 5715 OUT 2540 6350 19.4219 4.4092 (P, NP, PSPACE, EXPTIME$ has led to new insights in game theory,) 63 11 5715 OUT 2540 6562 28.4844 1.0584 (logic, and recursive function theory. For example, the study of com) 68 11 5656 OUT 8196 6562 0.0000 0.0000 (-) 1 0 59 OUT 2540 6773 7.4990 1.0584 (plexity has resulted in the systematic study of resource-bounded strate-) 72 9 5715 OUT 2540 6985 0.0000 1.0585 (gy) 2 0 198 OUT 2738 6985 18.9848 4.4092 ( selection as a part of game theory. Driven by the computer, the) 65 13 5517 OUT 2540 7197 6.3675 4.4092 (study of logic has also evolved from an emphasis on the foundations) 67 11 5715 OUT 2540 7408 0.0000 4.3346 (of mathematics to the design and study of effective, easy-to-use proof) 70 10 5715 OUT 2540 7620 22.8824 4.4092 (systems for use in the verification of programs and communication) 65 9 5715 OUT 2540 7832 0.0000 4.4543 (protocols.) 10 0 810 OUT 2857 8043 0.0000 0.0000 (�) 1 0 107 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3069 8043 29.3736 4.4092 (City and building planning.) 27 3 2210 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 5279 8043 29.3743 4.4092 ( Cities become more congested as) 33 6 2976 OUT 2540 8255 25.9125 4.4092 (they become larger, and they are most severely congested near the) 65 10 5715 OUT 2540 8467 7.8412 4.4092 (center. Theoretical analysis of the wiring of chips and circuit boards) 71 11 5715 OUT 2540 8678 17.8073 4.4092 ($analysis that computer scientists and engineers pioneered$ helps to) 68 8 5715 OUT 2540 8890 22.6062 4.4092 (explain why congestion within cities occurs in this fashion and has) 67 10 5715 OUT 2540 9102 8.8253 4.4092 (influenced the planning of cities, factories, and office buildings.) 67 8 5300 OUT 2857 9419 14.0991 4.4092 (In each of these cases, intellectual insights have been gained not) 66 10 5397 OUT 2540 9631 15.9287 4.4092 (just by using a computer to perform some calculation more rapidly,) 66 10 5715 OUT 2540 9842 24.5404 4.4092 (but by understanding how the abstractions of CS&E might be rele-) 64 10 5715 OUT 2540 10054 8.8197 4.4092 (vant to some conceptual framework in another area of inquiry.) 61 9 5233 OUT 2857 10266 16.4465 4.4092 (Lastly, a broadening of CS&E speaks to economic realities faced) 63 9 5397 OUT 2540 10477 31.4287 4.4092 (by the field. As discussed in Chapter 1, the computer industry is) 66 12 5715 OUT 2540 10689 35.9412 4.4092 (undergoing a major shift, from selling thousands of million-dollar) 66 8 5715 OUT 2540 10901 4.3470 4.4092 (computer systems to millions of thousand-dollar systems. The mass-) 67 9 5715 OUT 2540 11112 32.7641 4.4092 (market nature of today�s business calls for relatively fewer people) 67 9 5715 OUT 2540 11324 8.5733 4.4092 (who build computer technology $hardware or systems software$ and) 64 8 5715 OUT ENDPAGE %%Page: 60 6 BEGPAGE AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2557 2134 0.0000 -0.1574 (60) 2 0 176 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 80 100 mul 1000 div 2660 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 6396 2134 6.9510 3.5273 (COMPUTING THE FUTURE) 20 2 1876 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2539 2540 22.1719 4.4092 (relatively more people who know what to do with computers $e.g.,) 64 10 5715 OUT 2539 2752 9.2410 4.4092 (write applications software or integrate complex systems for specific) 69 8 5715 OUT 2539 2963 0.0000 4.4094 (tasks$.) 7 0 527 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 70 100 mul 1000 div 2340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3066 2904 0.0000 3.0857 (3) 1 0 65 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3162 2963 37.3446 4.4092 ( The importance of domain-specific knowledge relative to) 57 8 5092 OUT 2539 3175 40.4746 4.4092 (programming skills has increased, partly because new tools make) 63 8 5715 OUT 2539 3387 0.8453 4.4092 (programming much easier to learn and do $although this may change) 65 10 5715 OUT 2539 3598 31.7075 4.4092 (if new computing systems such as parallel processors require new) 64 9 5715 OUT 2539 3810 19.0140 4.4092 (programming paradigms$, and partly because knowing a field $e.g.,) 65 8 5715 OUT 2539 4022 21.7655 4.4092 (accounting$ is often harder and more relevant than knowing a pro-) 65 10 5715 OUT 2539 4233 8.7150 4.4092 (gramming language.) 18 1 1708 OUT 2857 4445 0.8625 4.4092 (CS&E researchers also face economic concerns. Research budgets) 63 8 5397 OUT 2539 4657 19.0939 4.4092 (for all science and engineering will come under increasing pressure) 67 9 5715 OUT 2539 4868 8.5144 4.4092 (in the future, and despite the HPCC Program, CS&E is no exception.) 66 11 5715 OUT 2539 5080 2.1527 4.4092 (A broader research agenda for CS&E will enable CS&E researchers to) 66 10 5715 OUT 2539 5292 20.8451 4.4092 (make a better case for receiving support from nontraditional sourc-) 67 9 5715 OUT 2539 5503 0.0000 4.4098 (es.) 3 0 217 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 70 100 mul 1000 div 2340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2756 5444 0.0000 3.0874 (4) 1 0 65 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2851 5503 25.9455 4.4093 ( A relevant point of information is that over 42 percent of the) 64 13 5403 OUT 2539 5715 10.2603 4.4092 (entire federal science and engineering research budget $i.e., over $10) 70 9 5715 OUT 2539 5927 22.8889 4.4092 (billion out of the total $24 billion$ for FY 1991 was obligated by 12) 69 13 5715 OUT 2539 6138 22.3247 4.4092 (federal agencies whose individual science and engineering research) 66 7 5715 OUT 2539 6350 32.2153 4.4092 (budgets each allocated less than 1 percent to computer science re-) 66 10 5715 OUT 2539 6562 0.0000 4.9621 (search.) 7 0 577 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 70 100 mul 1000 div 2340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3116 6503 0.0000 0.0000 (5) 1 0 62 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 6773 4.0018 4.4092 (An action plan to develop a broader agenda for CS&E that recog-) 63 11 5397 OUT 2539 6985 14.5714 4.4092 (nizes the confidence, strength, maturity, and social obligation of the) 70 9 5715 OUT 2539 7197 12.4473 4.4092 (field calls for the CS&E community to broaden its research scope by) 67 11 5715 OUT 2539 7408 31.1931 4.4092 (expanding intellectual interaction with science, engineering, indus-) 68 6 5715 OUT 2539 7620 11.8218 4.4092 (try, and commerce, and to broaden undergraduate and graduate ed-) 64 9 5715 OUT 2539 7832 4.7252 4.4092 (ucation in CS&E accordingly. $Box 2.3 gives the view of the Associa-) 69 12 5715 OUT 2539 8043 32.2366 4.4092 (tion for Computing Machinery \(ACM$ on the need to broaden the) 61 10 5715 OUT 2539 8255 0.0000 3.2961 (CS&E agenda.\) Concomitantly, other fields will need to develop some) 68 10 5715 OUT 2539 8467 26.2828 4.4092 (familiarity with modern CS&E if they are to maximize the benefits) 65 10 5715 OUT 2539 8678 3.0623 4.4092 (that computing can bring to them; this need for other fields to broad-) 70 12 5715 OUT 2539 8890 8.8538 4.4092 (en toward CS&E is discussed further in Chapter 4.) 49 8 4206 OUT 2857 9102 20.5154 4.4092 (A broader agenda for CS&E in research and education is elabo-) 61 10 5397 OUT 2539 9313 39.8265 4.4092 (rated in the sections �Research Opportunities in Broadening� and) 64 8 5715 OUT 2539 9525 22.0919 4.4092 (�Broadening Educational Horizons in CS&E.� The section immedi-) 63 8 5715 OUT 2539 9737 9.9530 4.4092 (ately below provides some historical perspective and context for un-) 68 9 5715 OUT 2539 9948 8.8602 4.4092 (derstanding the relationship between CS&E and other fields.) 59 7 5054 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4034 10477 8.9032 4.4092 (A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE) 24 2 2725 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 10795 36.2335 4.4092 (Chapter 1 described the impact of computing in all aspects of) 61 10 5397 OUT 2539 11007 24.0470 4.4092 (society and explained the important role CS&E plays in computing) 64 9 5715 OUT 2539 11218 39.0149 4.4092 (practice. Increasingly, fields such as computational medicine and) 66 8 5715 OUT 2539 11430 6.8639 4.4092 (computational physics are emerging as subdisciplines of their parent) 68 8 5715 OUT ENDPAGE %%Page: 61 7 BEGPAGE AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 80 100 mul 1000 div 2660 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2540 2134 7.0318 3.5273 (LOOKING TO THE FUTURE OF CS&E) 29 5 2560 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 8079 2134 0.0000 -0.1574 (61) 2 0 176 OUT 0. 0. 10795. 13970. true PBEGIN 0. 0. LW 90. PTINT 2549. 2408. 8246. 6685. PRECT 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) PCOLOR PPAINT PRESETTINT 9. 9. LW 2540. 2399. 8255. 6694. PRECT 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) PCOLOR PFRAME PRESETTINT PEND AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2540 7408 27.2221 4.4092 (fields�indeed, for every field ) 31 4 2623 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 5163 7408 0.0000 4.4092 (X,) 2 0 180 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 5344 7408 27.2223 4.4092 ( it sometimes seems that someone) 32 5 2911 OUT 2540 7620 28.5290 4.4092 (creates a subfield, computational ) 34 4 2878 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 5418 7620 0.0000 4.4082 (X.) 2 0 180 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 5598 7620 28.5290 4.4092 ( Cooperation and interconnec-) 30 4 2657 OUT 2540 7832 32.8654 4.4092 (tion of CS&E with these computational subdisciplines should be a) 64 9 5715 OUT 2540 8043 8.7887 4.4092 (major aspect of computing, as suggested in Figure 2.1.) 54 8 4523 OUT 2857 8255 11.6393 4.4092 (In the past, however, CS&E has been slow to participate directly) 64 10 5397 OUT 2540 8467 9.6165 4.4092 (in the research and development of these computational fields. This) 68 10 5715 OUT 2540 8678 4.9757 4.4092 (is understandable. Even though CS&E was initially populated main-) 66 9 5715 OUT 2540 8890 12.1651 4.4093 (ly by people from other disciplines,) 36 5 2982 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 70 100 mul 1000 div 2340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 5522 8831 0.0000 3.0874 (6) 1 0 65 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 5618 8890 12.1652 4.4092 ( a natural tendency was to con-) 31 6 2637 OUT 2540 9102 33.3644 4.4092 (centrate on the development of the scientific base in core areas of) 67 11 5715 OUT 2540 9313 12.7244 4.4092 (CS&E. There were more than enough exciting problems in this core) 65 11 5715 OUT 2540 9525 3.1183 4.4092 (to keep the relatively small number of researchers busy without wor-) 68 10 5715 OUT 2540 9737 6.1535 4.4092 (rying about applications in other disciplines, and a lack of incentives) 71 10 5715 OUT 2540 9948 30.4689 4.4092 (to pursue interdisciplinary work kept most researchers working in) 65 8 5715 OUT 2540 10160 8.6346 4.4092 (the core areas.) 15 2 1190 OUT 2857 10372 22.6997 4.4092 (There have been a few instances of interdisciplinary work. For) 63 10 5397 OUT 2540 10583 6.4811 4.4092 (example, computer science at the University of Michigan was closely) 67 9 5715 OUT 2540 10795 0.0000 3.9407 (allied with medicine and psychology, at the Georgia Institute of Tech-) 70 10 5715 OUT 2540 11007 27.5171 4.4092 (nology with library science. The University of North Carolina has) 66 10 5715 OUT 2540 11218 0.0000 4.1212 (had medical imaging and molecular graphics projects for many years.) 67 9 5715 OUT 2540 11430 18.8546 4.4092 (Stanford University was a pioneer in the application of artificial in-) 70 10 5715 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Optima 90 100 mul 1000 div 2820 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3600 2758 8.8042 4.4101 (BOX 2.3 THE ACM�S VIEW ON BROADENING) 38 8 3594 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Optima 90 100 mul 1000 div 2820 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3016 3093 10.6314 4.4101 (�We say that computer scientists, who are at the heart of the com-) 66 12 4921 OUT 2857 3287 12.4872 4.4101 (puting profession, must therefore embrace all applications, including) 69 7 5080 OUT 2857 3481 1.5896 4.4101 (commercial applications and computational science. If computer sci-) 68 8 5080 OUT 2857 3675 33.8162 4.4101 (entists do not do this, business people and physical scientists will) 68 10 5080 OUT 2857 3869 30.4221 4.4101 (turn elsewhere for the help they need. We hardly need point out) 64 12 5080 OUT 2857 4063 14.6277 4.4101 (that, in this case, computer scientists would effectively isolate them-) 71 9 5080 OUT 2857 4257 8.7639 4.4101 (selves from the computing profession. . . .) 43 7 3096 OUT 3016 4452 31.9315 4.4101 (�A close interaction between computer researchers and others is) 63 8 4921 OUT 2857 4646 16.9569 4.4101 (essential so that the questions under investigation remain connected) 68 8 5080 OUT 2857 4840 8.3737 4.4101 (to real concerns. Otherwise computing research can drift into irrele-) 70 10 5080 OUT 2857 5034 18.2030 4.4101 (vance and cease to earn public support. For this reason it is in the) 69 14 5080 OUT 2857 5228 4.3604 4.4101 (best interests of the computing profession for computer researchers to) 70 9 5080 OUT 2857 5422 8.6481 4.4101 (engage with applications.�) 26 2 1945 OUT 2857 5810 37.9407 4.4101 (SOURCE: Association for Computing Machinery, �The Scope and) 60 8 5080 OUT 2857 6004 1.5391 4.4101 (Directions of Computer Science: Computing, Applications, and Com-) 66 8 5080 OUT 2857 6198 34.4940 4.4102 (putational Science,� ) 21 2 1582 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Optima-Oblique 90 100 mul 1000 div 2820 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4439 6198 34.4934 4.4101 (Communications of the ACM,) 26 3 2256 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Optima 90 100 mul 1000 div 2820 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 6695 6198 34.4940 4.4101 ( Volume 34$10$,) 15 2 1242 OUT 2857 6392 8.9622 4.4101 (October 1991, p. 131.) 21 3 1650 OUT ENDPAGE %%Page: 62 8 BEGPAGE AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2557 2134 0.0000 -0.1574 (62) 2 0 176 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 80 100 mul 1000 div 2660 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 6396 2134 6.9510 3.5273 (COMPUTING THE FUTURE) 20 2 1876 OUT AD_SomethingOnPage SUsv restore true S_LOADFONT true S_LOADFONT %%IncludeFont: Helvetica-Compressed save /SUsv exch def /AD_SomethingOnPage exch def userdict /PMSAVE save put AD_PrevMatrix setmatrix %%BeginDocument: /showpage {} def 0.0025 dup scale 100 100 div dup scale 100 100 div 1440 mul 1270 div 20 mul dup 2963 mul exch 7742 mul translate 20 20 scale 5 5512 mul 325 div neg 289 4342 mul 256 div neg translate 5512 325 div 4342 256 div scale 5 289 moveto 5 545 lineto 330 545 lineto 330 289 lineto closepath clip newpath %!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0 %%Creator: Adobe Illustrator(TM) 3.2 %%For: (Station LC) (National Academy Press) %%Title: (fig. 2-1) %%CreationDate: (3/20/92) (1:33 PM) -134.000000 -33.000000 translate %%BoundingBox: 134 33 584 578 %%DocumentProcessColors: Black %%PageFonts: Helvetica %%+ Helvetica-Compressed %%+ Helvetica-Oblique %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset Adobe_packedarray 2.0 0 %%+ procset Adobe_cmykcolor 1.1 0 %%+ procset Adobe_cshow 1.1 0 %%+ procset Adobe_customcolor 1.0 0 %%+ procset Adobe_typography_AI3 1.0 1 %%+ procset Adobe_IllustratorA_AI3 1.0 1 %AI3_ColorUsage: Black&White %AI3_TemplateBox: 91 238 521 554 %AI3_TemplateFile: Station LC::6456:scan 5 %AI3_TileBox: 30 31 582 761 %AI3_DocumentPreview: Macintosh_Pic %%EndComments %%BeginProlog %%BeginResource: procset Adobe_packedarray 2.0 0 %%Title: (Packed Array Operators) %%Version: 2.0 %%CreationDate: (8/2/90) () %%Copyright: ((C) 1987-1990 Adobe Systems Incorporated All Rights Reserved) userdict /Adobe_packedarray 5 dict dup begin put /initialize % - initialize - { /packedarray where { pop } { Adobe_packedarray begin Adobe_packedarray { dup xcheck { bind } if userdict 3 1 roll put } forall end } ifelse } def /terminate % - terminate - { } def /packedarray % arguments count packedarray array { array astore readonly } def /setpacking % boolean setpacking - { pop } def /currentpacking % - setpacking boolean { false } def currentdict readonly pop end %%EndResource Adobe_packedarray /initialize get exec %%BeginResource: procset Adobe_cmykcolor 1.1 0 %%Title: (CMYK Color Operators) %%Version: 1.1 %%CreationDate: (1/23/89) () %%Copyright: ((C) 1987-1990 Adobe Systems Incorporated All Rights Reserved) currentpacking true setpacking userdict /Adobe_cmykcolor 4 dict dup begin put /initialize % - initialize - { /setcmykcolor where { pop } { userdict /Adobe_cmykcolor_vars 2 dict dup begin put /_setrgbcolor /setrgbcolor load def /_currentrgbcolor /currentrgbcolor load def Adobe_cmykcolor begin Adobe_cmykcolor { dup xcheck { bind } if pop pop } forall end end Adobe_cmykcolor begin } ifelse } def /terminate % - terminate - { currentdict Adobe_cmykcolor eq { end } if } def /setcmykcolor % cyan magenta yellow black setcmykcolor - { 1 sub 4 1 roll 3 { 3 index add neg dup 0 lt { pop 0 } if 3 1 roll } repeat Adobe_cmykcolor_vars /_setrgbcolor get exec pop } def /currentcmykcolor % - currentcmykcolor cyan magenta yellow black { Adobe_cmykcolor_vars /_currentrgbcolor get exec 3 { 1 sub neg 3 1 roll } repeat 0 } def currentdict readonly pop end setpacking %%EndResource %%BeginResource: procset Adobe_cshow 1.1 0 %%Title: (cshow Operator) %%Version: 1.1 %%CreationDate: (1/23/89) () %%Copyright: ((C) 1987-1990 Adobe Systems Incorporated All Rights Reserved) currentpacking true setpacking userdict /Adobe_cshow 3 dict dup begin put /initialize % - initialize - { /cshow where { pop } { userdict /Adobe_cshow_vars 1 dict dup begin put /_cshow % - _cshow proc {} def Adobe_cshow begin Adobe_cshow { dup xcheck { bind } if userdict 3 1 roll put } forall end end } ifelse } def /terminate % - terminate - { } def /cshow % proc string cshow - { exch Adobe_cshow_vars exch /_cshow exch put { 0 0 Adobe_cshow_vars /_cshow get exec } forall } def currentdict readonly pop end setpacking %%EndResource %%BeginResource: procset Adobe_customcolor 1.0 0 %%Title: (Custom Color Operators) %%Version: 1.0 %%CreationDate: (5/9/88) () %%Copyright: ((C) 1987-1990 Adobe Systems Incorporated All Rights Reserved) currentpacking true setpacking userdict /Adobe_customcolor 5 dict dup begin put /initialize % - initialize - { /setcustomcolor where { pop } { Adobe_customcolor begin Adobe_customcolor { dup xcheck { bind } if pop pop } forall end Adobe_customcolor begin } ifelse } def /terminate % - terminate - { currentdict Adobe_customcolor eq { end } if } def /findcmykcustomcolor % cyan magenta yellow black name findcmykcustomcolor object { 5 packedarray } def /setcustomcolor % object tint setcustomcolor - { exch aload pop pop 4 { 4 index mul 4 1 roll } repeat 5 -1 roll pop setcmykcolor } def /setoverprint % boolean setoverprint - { pop } def currentdict readonly pop end setpacking %%EndResource %%BeginResource: procset Adobe_typography_AI3 1.1 0 %%Title: (Typography Operators) %%Version: 1.0 %%CreationDate:(5/31/90) () %%Copyright: ((C) 1987-1990 Adobe Systems Incorporated All Rights Reserved) currentpacking true setpacking userdict /Adobe_typography_AI3 47 dict dup begin put /initialize % - initialize - { /TZ where { pop } { Adobe_typography_AI3 begin Adobe_typography_AI3 { dup xcheck { bind } if pop pop } forall end Adobe_typography_AI3 begin } ifelse } def /terminate % - terminate - { currentdict Adobe_typography_AI3 eq { end } if } def % [ number value stream [ array for encoding modification ] modifyEncoding ==> [ modified array ] /modifyEncoding { /_tempEncode exch ddef % pointer for sequential encodings /_pntr 0 ddef { % get bottom object counttomark -1 roll % is it a mark ? dup type dup /marktype eq { % exit pop pop exit } { % ... object ... type .... % insert if a nametype /nametype eq { % insert the name at _pntr and increment pointer _tempEncode /_pntr dup load dup 3 1 roll 1 add ddef 3 -1 roll put } { % reset _pntr if it's a number /_pntr exch ddef } ifelse } ifelse } loop % return the modified encoding _tempEncode } def /TE % Set std platform encoding % (encoding pairs) TE - { StandardEncoding 256 array copy modifyEncoding /_nativeEncoding exch def } def % re-define font % expected arguments % for 'normal fonts : % [ /_Helvetica-Bold/Helvetica-Bold direction fontScript defaultEncoding TZ % % for cartographic, pictographic, and expert fonts : % [ ... number value stream ... /_Symbol/Symbol % direction fontScript defaultEncoding TZ % for blended fonts w/ default encoding : % [ /_AdobeSans_20ULig1XCond-Bold/AdobeSans % direction fontScript defaultEncoding [ w0 w1 ... wn ] TZ % for blended fonts w/ special encoding : % [ ... number value stream ... /_AdobeSans_20ULig1XCond/AdobeSans % direction fontScript defaultEncoding [ w0 w1 ... wn ] TZ /TZ { % set weight vector (if present) dup type /arraytype eq {/_wv exch def} {/_wv 0 def} ifelse % platform dependent coding flag /_useNativeEncoding exch def % pop fontScript & direction pop pop % create a new dictionary with length % equal to original dictionary length + 2 % copy all the key/value pairs except FID % call makeblended font with the weight values if _wv is an array findfont _wv type /arraytype eq {_wv makeblendedfont} if dup length 2 add dict begin % copy all the values but the FID % into the new dictionary mark exch { 1 index /FID ne { def } if cleartomark mark } forall % discard last mark pop % define FontName /FontName exch def % if no re-encoding stream is present % then if the base encoding vector of the font % is the same as StandardEncoding % and the use platform encoding flag is true % then install AI platform encoding % else leave the base encoding in effect counttomark 0 eq { 1 _useNativeEncoding eq { /Encoding _nativeEncoding def } if % clean up cleartomark } { % custom encoding to be done % start off with a copy of the font's standard encoding /Encoding load 256 array copy modifyEncoding /Encoding exch def } ifelse FontName currentdict end % register the new font definefont pop } def % text painting operators /tr % string tr ax ay string { _ax _ay 3 2 roll } def /trj % string trj cx cy fillchar ax ay string { _cx _cy _sp _ax _ay 6 5 roll } def /a0 { /Tx % text % textString Tx - { dup currentpoint 3 2 roll tr _psf newpath moveto tr _ctm _pss } ddef /Tj % justified text % textString Tj - { dup currentpoint 3 2 roll trj _pjsf newpath moveto trj _ctm _pjss } ddef } def /a1 { /Tx % text % textString Tx - { dup currentpoint 4 2 roll gsave dup currentpoint 3 2 roll tr _psf newpath moveto tr _ctm _pss grestore 3 1 roll moveto tr sp } ddef /Tj % justified text % textString Tj - { dup currentpoint 4 2 roll gsave dup currentpoint 3 2 roll trj _pjsf newpath moveto trj _ctm _pjss grestore 3 1 roll moveto tr sp } ddef } def /e0 { /Tx % text % textString Tx - { tr _psf } ddef /Tj % justified text % textString Tj - { trj _pjsf } ddef } def /e1 { /Tx % text % textString Tx - { dup currentpoint 4 2 roll gsave tr _psf grestore 3 1 roll moveto tr sp } ddef /Tj % justified text % textString Tj - { dup currentpoint 4 2 roll gsave trj _pjsf grestore 3 1 roll moveto tr sp } ddef } def /i0 { /Tx % text % textString Tx - { tr sp } ddef /Tj % justified text % textString Tj - { trj jsp } ddef } def /i1 { W N } def /o0 { /Tx % text % textString Tx - { tr sw rmoveto } ddef /Tj % justified text % textString Tj - { trj swj rmoveto } ddef } def /r0 { /Tx % text % textString Tx - { tr _ctm _pss } ddef /Tj % justified text % textString Tj - { trj _ctm _pjss } ddef } def /r1 { /Tx % text % textString Tx - { dup currentpoint 4 2 roll currentpoint gsave newpath moveto tr _ctm _pss grestore 3 1 roll moveto tr sp } ddef /Tj % justified text % textString Tj - { dup currentpoint 4 2 roll currentpoint gsave newpath moveto trj _ctm _pjss grestore 3 1 roll moveto tr sp } ddef } def % font operators % Binding /To % begin text % bindType To - { pop _ctm currentmatrix pop } def /TO % end text % TO - { Te _ctm setmatrix newpath } def % Text paths /Tp % begin text path % a b c d tx ty startPt Tp - { pop _tm astore pop _ctm setmatrix _tDict begin /W {} def /h {} def } def /TP % end text path % TP - { end iTm 0 0 moveto } def % Render mode & matrix operators /Tr % begin render % render Tr - { _render 3 le {currentpoint newpath moveto} if dup 8 eq {pop 0} {dup 9 eq {pop 1} if} ifelse dup /_render exch ddef _renderStart exch get load exec } def /iTm % internal set text matrix % - iTm - (uses _tm as implicit argument) { _ctm setmatrix _tm concat 0 _rise translate _hs 1 scale } def /Tm % set text matrix % a b c d tx ty Tm - { _tm astore pop iTm 0 0 moveto } def /Td % translate text matrix % tx ty Td - { _mtx translate _tm _tm concatmatrix pop iTm 0 0 moveto } def /Te % end render % - Te - { _render -1 eq {} {_renderEnd _render get dup null ne {load exec} {pop} ifelse} ifelse /_render -1 ddef } def % Attributes /Ta % set alignment % alignment Ta - { pop } def /Tf % set font name and size % fontname size Tf - { dup 1000 div /_fScl exch ddef exch findfont exch scalefont setfont } def /Tl % set leading % leading paragraphLeading Tl - { pop 0 exch _leading astore pop } def /Tt % set user tracking % userTracking Tt - { pop } def /TW % set word spacing % minSpace optSpace maxSpace TW - { 3 npop } def /Tw % set computed word spacing % wordSpace Tw { /_cx exch ddef } def /TC % set character spacing % minSpace optSpace maxSpace TC - { 3 npop } def /Tc % set computed char spacing % charSpace Tc - { /_ax exch ddef } def /Ts % set super/subscripting (rise) % rise Ts - { /_rise exch ddef currentpoint iTm moveto } def /Ti % set indentation % firstStartIndent otherStartIndent stopIndent Ti - { 3 npop } def /Tz % set horizontal scaling % scalePercent Tz - { 100 div /_hs exch ddef iTm } def /TA % set pairwise kerning % autoKern TA - % autoKern = 0 -> no pair kerning % = 1 -> automatic pair kerning { pop } def /Tq % set hanging quotes % hangingQuotes Tq - % hangingQuotes = 0 -> no hanging quotes % = 1 -> hanging quotes { pop } def % Text Bodies /TX {pop} def %/Tx % non-justified text % textString Tx - %/Tj % justified text % textString Tj - /Tk % kern % autoKern kernValue Tk - % autoKern = 0 -> manual kern, = 1 -> auto kern % kernValue = kern value in em/1000 space { exch pop _fScl mul neg 0 rmoveto } def /TK % non-printing kern % autoKern kernValue TK - { 2 npop } def /T* % carriage return & line feed % - T* - { _leading aload pop neg Td } def /T*- % carriage return & negative line feed % - T*- - { _leading aload pop Td } def /T- % print a discretionary hyphen % - T- - { _hyphen Tx } def /T+ % discretionary hyphen hyphen % - T+ - {} def /TR % reset pattern matrix % a b c d tx ty TR - { _ctm currentmatrix pop _tm astore pop iTm 0 0 moveto } def /TS % special chars % textString justified TS - { 0 eq {Tx} {Tj} ifelse } def currentdict readonly pop end setpacking %%EndResource %%BeginResource: procset Adobe_IllustratorA_AI3 1.0 2 %%Title: (Adobe Illustrator (R) Version 3.0 Abbreviated Prolog) %%Version: 1.0 %%CreationDate: (7/22/89) () %%Copyright: ((C) 1987-1990 Adobe Systems Incorporated All Rights Reserved) currentpacking true setpacking userdict /Adobe_IllustratorA_AI3 61 dict dup begin put % initialization /initialize % - initialize - { % 47 vars, but leave slack of 10 entries for custom Postscript fragments userdict /Adobe_IllustratorA_AI3_vars 57 dict dup begin put % paint operands /_lp /none def /_pf {} def /_ps {} def /_psf {} def /_pss {} def /_pjsf {} def /_pjss {} def /_pola 0 def /_doClip 0 def % paint operators /cf currentflat def % - cf flatness % typography operands /_tm matrix def /_renderStart [/e0 /r0 /a0 /o0 /e1 /r1 /a1 /i0] def /_renderEnd [null null null null /i1 /i1 /i1 /i1] def /_render -1 def /_rise 0 def /_ax 0 def % x character spacing (_ax, _ay, _cx, _cy follows awidthshow naming convention) /_ay 0 def % y character spacing /_cx 0 def % x word spacing /_cy 0 def % y word spacing /_leading [0 0] def /_ctm matrix def /_mtx matrix def /_sp 16#020 def /_hyphen (-) def /_fScl 0 def /_cnt 0 def /_hs 1 def /_nativeEncoding 0 def /_useNativeEncoding 0 def /_tempEncode 0 def /_pntr 0 def /_tDict 2 dict def % typography operators /Tx {} def /Tj {} def % compound path operators /CRender {} def % printing /_AI3_savepage {} def % color operands /_gf null def /_cf 4 array def /_if null def /_of false def /_fc {} def /_gs null def /_cs 4 array def /_is null def /_os false def /_sc {} def /_i null def Adobe_IllustratorA_AI3 begin Adobe_IllustratorA_AI3 { dup xcheck { bind } if pop pop } forall end end Adobe_IllustratorA_AI3 begin Adobe_IllustratorA_AI3_vars begin newpath } def /terminate % - terminate - { end end } def % definition operators /_ % - _ null null def /ddef % key value ddef - { Adobe_IllustratorA_AI3_vars 3 1 roll put } def /xput % key value literal xput - { dup load dup length exch maxlength eq { dup dup load dup length 2 mul dict copy def } if load begin def end } def /npop % integer npop - { { pop } repeat } def % marking operators /sw % ax ay string sw x y { dup length exch stringwidth exch 5 -1 roll 3 index 1 sub mul add 4 1 roll 3 1 roll 1 sub mul add } def /swj % cx cy fillchar ax ay string swj x y { dup 4 1 roll dup length exch stringwidth exch 5 -1 roll 3 index 1 sub mul add 4 1 roll 3 1 roll 1 sub mul add 6 2 roll /_cnt 0 ddef {1 index eq {/_cnt _cnt 1 add ddef} if} forall pop exch _cnt mul exch _cnt mul 2 index add 4 1 roll 2 index add 4 1 roll pop pop } def /ss % ax ay string matrix ss - { 4 1 roll { % matrix ax ay char 0 0 {proc} - 2 npop (0) exch 2 copy 0 exch put pop gsave false charpath currentpoint 4 index setmatrix stroke grestore moveto 2 copy rmoveto } exch cshow 3 npop } def /jss % cx cy fillchar ax ay string matrix jss - { 4 1 roll { % cx cy fillchar matrix ax ay char 0 0 {proc} - 2 npop (0) exch 2 copy 0 exch put gsave _sp eq { exch 6 index 6 index 6 index 5 -1 roll widthshow currentpoint } { false charpath currentpoint 4 index setmatrix stroke }ifelse grestore moveto 2 copy rmoveto } exch cshow 6 npop } def % path operators /sp % ax ay string sp - { { 2 npop (0) exch 2 copy 0 exch put pop false charpath 2 copy rmoveto } exch cshow 2 npop } def /jsp % cx cy fillchar ax ay string jsp - { { % cx cy fillchar ax ay char 0 0 {proc} - 2 npop (0) exch 2 copy 0 exch put _sp eq { exch 5 index 5 index 5 index 5 -1 roll widthshow } { false charpath }ifelse 2 copy rmoveto } exch cshow 5 npop } def % path construction operators /pl % x y pl x y { transform 0.25 sub round 0.25 add exch 0.25 sub round 0.25 add exch itransform } def /setstrokeadjust where { pop true setstrokeadjust /c % x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 c - { curveto } def /C /c load def /v % x2 y2 x3 y3 v - { currentpoint 6 2 roll curveto } def /V /v load def /y % x1 y1 x2 y2 y - { 2 copy curveto } def /Y /y load def /l % x y l - { lineto } def /L /l load def /m % x y m - { moveto } def } {%else /c { pl curveto } def /C /c load def /v { currentpoint 6 2 roll pl curveto } def /V /v load def /y { pl 2 copy curveto } def /Y /y load def /l { pl lineto } def /L /l load def /m { pl moveto } def }ifelse % graphic state operators /d % array phase d - { setdash } def /cf {} def % - cf flatness /i % flatness i - { dup 0 eq { pop cf } if setflat } def /j % linejoin j - { setlinejoin } def /J % linecap J - { setlinecap } def /M % miterlimit M - { setmiterlimit } def /w % linewidth w - { setlinewidth } def % path painting operators /H % - H - {} def /h % - h - { closepath } def /N % - N - { _pola 0 eq { _doClip 1 eq {clip /_doClip 0 ddef} if newpath } { /CRender {N} ddef }ifelse } def /n % - n - {N} def /F % - F - { _pola 0 eq { _doClip 1 eq { gsave _pf grestore clip newpath /_lp /none ddef _fc /_doClip 0 ddef } { _pf }ifelse } { /CRender {F} ddef }ifelse } def /f % - f - { closepath F } def /S % - S - { _pola 0 eq { _doClip 1 eq { gsave _ps grestore clip newpath /_lp /none ddef _sc /_doClip 0 ddef } { _ps }ifelse } { /CRender {S} ddef }ifelse } def /s % - s - { closepath S } def /B % - B - { _pola 0 eq { _doClip 1 eq % F clears _doClip gsave F grestore { gsave S grestore clip newpath /_lp /none ddef _sc /_doClip 0 ddef } { S }ifelse } { /CRender {B} ddef }ifelse } def /b % - b - { closepath B } def /W % - W - { /_doClip 1 ddef } def /* % - [string] * - { count 0 ne { dup type (stringtype) eq {pop} if } if _pola 0 eq {newpath} if } def % group operators /u % - u - {} def /U % - U - {} def /q % - q - { _pola 0 eq {gsave} if } def /Q % - Q - { _pola 0 eq {grestore} if } def /*u % - *u - { _pola 1 add /_pola exch ddef } def /*U % - *U - { _pola 1 sub /_pola exch ddef _pola 0 eq {CRender} if } def /D % polarized D - {pop} def /*w % - *w - {} def /*W % - *W - {} def % place operators /` % matrix llx lly urx ury string ` - { /_i save ddef 6 1 roll 4 npop concat pop userdict begin /showpage {} def 0 setgray 0 setlinecap 1 setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 10 setmiterlimit [] 0 setdash newpath 0 setgray false setoverprint } def /~ % - ~ - { end _i restore } def % color operators /O % flag O - { 0 ne /_of exch ddef /_lp /none ddef } def /R % flag R - { 0 ne /_os exch ddef /_lp /none ddef } def /g % gray g - { /_gf exch ddef /_fc { _lp /fill ne { _of setoverprint _gf setgray /_lp /fill ddef } if } ddef /_pf { _fc fill } ddef /_psf { _fc ashow } ddef /_pjsf { _fc awidthshow } ddef /_lp /none ddef } def /G % gray G - { /_gs exch ddef /_sc { _lp /stroke ne { _os setoverprint _gs setgray /_lp /stroke ddef } if } ddef /_ps { _sc stroke } ddef /_pss { _sc ss } ddef /_pjss { _sc jss } ddef /_lp /none ddef } def /k % cyan magenta yellow black k - { _cf astore pop /_fc { _lp /fill ne { _of setoverprint _cf aload pop setcmykcolor /_lp /fill ddef } if } ddef /_pf { _fc fill } ddef /_psf { _fc ashow } ddef /_pjsf { _fc awidthshow } ddef /_lp /none ddef } def /K % cyan magenta yellow black K - { _cs astore pop /_sc { _lp /stroke ne { _os setoverprint _cs aload pop setcmykcolor /_lp /stroke ddef } if } ddef /_ps { _sc stroke } ddef /_pss { _sc ss } ddef /_pjss { _sc jss } ddef /_lp /none ddef } def /x % cyan magenta yellow black name gray x - { /_gf exch ddef findcmykcustomcolor /_if exch ddef /_fc { _lp /fill ne { _of setoverprint _if _gf 1 exch sub setcustomcolor /_lp /fill ddef } if } ddef /_pf { _fc fill } ddef /_psf { _fc ashow } ddef /_pjsf { _fc awidthshow } ddef /_lp /none ddef } def /X % cyan magenta yellow black name gray X - { /_gs exch ddef findcmykcustomcolor /_is exch ddef /_sc { _lp /stroke ne { _os setoverprint _is _gs 1 exch sub setcustomcolor /_lp /stroke ddef } if } ddef /_ps { _sc stroke } ddef /_pss { _sc ss } ddef /_pjss { _sc jss } ddef /_lp /none ddef } def % locked object operator /A % value A - { pop } def currentdict readonly pop end setpacking % annotate page operator /annotatepage { } def %%EndResource %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup %%IncludeFont: Helvetica %%IncludeFont: Helvetica-Compressed %%IncludeFont: Helvetica-Oblique Adobe_cmykcolor /initialize get exec Adobe_cshow /initialize get exec Adobe_customcolor /initialize get exec Adobe_typography_AI3 /initialize get exec Adobe_IllustratorA_AI3 /initialize get exec [ 39/quotesingle 96/grave 128/Adieresis/Aring/Ccedilla/Eacute/Ntilde/Odieresis /Udieresis/aacute/agrave/acircumflex/adieresis/atilde/aring/ccedilla/eacute /egrave/ecircumflex/edieresis/iacute/igrave/icircumflex/idieresis/ntilde /oacute/ograve/ocircumflex/odieresis/otilde/uacute/ugrave/ucircumflex /udieresis/dagger/degree/cent/sterling/section/bullet/paragraph/germandbls /registered/copyright/trademark/acute/dieresis/.notdef/AE/Oslash /.notdef/plusminus/.notdef/.notdef/yen/mu/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/ordfeminine/ordmasculine/.notdef/ae/oslash /questiondown/exclamdown/logicalnot/.notdef/florin/.notdef/.notdef /guillemotleft/guillemotright/ellipsis/.notdef/Agrave/Atilde/Otilde/OE/oe /endash/emdash/quotedblleft/quotedblright/quoteleft/quoteright/divide /.notdef/ydieresis/Ydieresis/fraction/currency/guilsinglleft/guilsinglright /fi/fl/daggerdbl/periodcentered/quotesinglbase/quotedblbase/perthousand /Acircumflex/Ecircumflex/Aacute/Edieresis/Egrave/Iacute/Icircumflex /Idieresis/Igrave/Oacute/Ocircumflex/.notdef/Ograve/Uacute/Ucircumflex /Ugrave/dotlessi/circumflex/tilde/macron/breve/dotaccent/ring/cedilla /hungarumlaut/ogonek/caron TE %AI3_BeginEncoding: _Helvetica Helvetica [/_Helvetica/Helvetica 0 0 1 TZ %AI3_EndEncoding AdobeType %AI3_BeginEncoding: _Helvetica-Compressed Helvetica-Compressed [/_Helvetica-Compressed/Helvetica-Compressed 0 0 1 TZ %AI3_EndEncoding AdobeType %AI3_BeginEncoding: _Helvetica-Oblique Helvetica-Oblique [/_Helvetica-Oblique/Helvetica-Oblique 0 0 1 TZ %AI3_EndEncoding AdobeType %%EndSetup 0 A u 0 O 0.65 g 0 i 0 J 0 j 1 w 4 M []0 d %AI3_Note: 0 D 302 503.033 m 272.7111 503.033 248.967 479.2889 248.967 450 c 248.967 420.7111 272.7111 396.967 302 396.967 c 331.2889 396.967 355.033 420.7111 355.033 450 c 355.033 479.2889 331.2889 503.033 302 503.033 c f 302 450 m F U u 224 573 m 224 545 L 295 545 L 295 573 L 224 573 L f 259.5 559 m F U 140 500.5 m 140 472.5 L 223.5 472.5 L 223.5 500.5 L 140 500.5 L f 150 418 m 150 390 L 223.5 390 L 223.5 418 L 150 418 L f u 223.5 360 m 223.5 332 L 294.5 332 L 294.5 360 L 223.5 360 L f 259 346 m F U 346 360 m 346 332 L 422.5 332 L 422.5 360 L 346 360 L f u 386.5 459.5 m 386.5 431.5 L 457.5 431.5 L 457.5 459.5 L 386.5 459.5 L f 422 445.5 m F U u 337 573 m 337 545 L 408 545 L 408 573 L 337 573 L f 372.5 559 m F U 1 g 306.4375 572.3576 m 373.6971 572.021 428.3066 517.3287 428.3066 449.99 c 428.3066 382.4429 373.5471 327.6834 306 327.6834 c 238.4529 327.6834 183.6934 382.4429 183.6934 449.99 c 183.6934 517.5371 238.8904 572.2966 306.4375 572.2966 c 306.4375 564.1977 l 243.3688 564.1977 191.8023 513.0687 191.8023 450 c 191.8023 386.9313 242.9313 335.8023 306 335.8023 c 369.0687 335.8023 420.1977 386.9313 420.1977 450 c 420.1977 512.902 369.2762 563.9273 306.4375 564.1967 c 306.4375 572.3576 l f 0 R 0 G 0.5 w 306.4375 564.1977 m 243.3688 564.1977 191.8023 513.0687 191.8023 450 c 191.8023 386.9313 242.9313 335.8023 306 335.8023 c 369.0687 335.8023 420.1977 386.9313 420.1977 450 c 420.1977 512.902 369.2762 563.9273 306.4375 564.1967 c S 306.4375 572.3576 m 373.6971 572.021 428.3066 517.3287 428.3066 449.99 c 428.3066 382.4429 373.5471 327.6834 306 327.6834 c 238.4529 327.6834 183.6934 382.4429 183.6934 449.99 c 183.6934 517.5371 238.8904 572.2966 306.4375 572.2966 c S 0 O 1 g 306 449.99 m B 306 450 m B 0 To 1 0 0 1 571.9398 36.707 0 Tp TP -118.207 0 Td 0 Tr 0 g 1 w /_Helvetica-Compressed 12 Tf 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tt 0 TA 0 0 5 TC 100 100 200 TW 0 0 0 Ti 2 Ta 0 Tq 13 0 Tl 0 Tc 0 Tw (?# \245 Fig. 2-1 \245 1st Proof) Tx (\r) TX TO u 1 g 0 R 0 G 0.5 w 306 503.033 m 276.7111 503.033 252.967 479.2889 252.967 450 c 252.967 420.7111 276.7111 396.967 306 396.967 c 335.2889 396.967 359.033 420.7111 359.033 450 c 359.033 479.2889 335.2889 503.033 306 503.033 c b 306 450 m B U 0 To 1 0 0 1 307 466 0 Tp TP -26.3335 0 Td 0 Tr 0 g 1 w /_Helvetica 12 Tf 1 Ta (Computer\r) Tx 4.9936 -13 Td (Science\r) Tx 11.3335 -13 Td (and\r) Tx -22.0034 -13 Td (Engineering) Tx (\r) TX TO 1 g 0 R 0 G 0.5 w 227 576 m 227 548 L 298 548 L 298 576 L 227 576 L b 262.5 558 m B 0.8 g 1 w 177.5 486.5 m F 1 g 0 R 0 G 0.5 w 143 503.5 m 143 475.5 L 226.5 475.5 L 226.5 503.5 L 143 503.5 L b 171 489.5 m B 0.8 g 1 w 168 404 m F 1 g 0 R 0 G 0.5 w 153 421 m 153 393 L 226.5 393 L 226.5 421 L 153 421 L b 171 407 m B u 226.5 363 m 226.5 335 L 297.5 335 L 297.5 363 L 226.5 363 L b 262 349 m B U 0.8 g 1 w 381.5 346 m F 1 g 0 R 0 G 0.5 w 349 363 m 349 335 L 425.5 335 L 425.5 363 L 349 363 L b 384.5 349 m B u 389.5 462.5 m 389.5 434.5 L 460.5 434.5 L 460.5 462.5 L 389.5 462.5 L b 425 448.5 m B U 340 576 m 340 548 L 411 548 L 411 576 L 340 576 L b 384.5 558 m B 0 To 1 0 0 1 184 486 0 Tp TP -37.3403 0 Td 0 Tr 0 g 1 w (Entertainment) Tx (\r) TX TO 0 To 1 0 0 1 263 558.5 0 Tp TP -24.0015 0 Td 0 Tr (Medicine) Tx (\r) TX TO 0 To 1 0 0 1 189 403.5 0 Tp TP -30 0 Td 0 Tr (Humanities) Tx (\r) TX TO 0 To 1 0 0 1 262.5 345.5 0 Tp TP -7.6655 0 Td 0 Tr (Art) Tx (\r) TX TO 0 To 1 0 0 1 386.5 345.5 0 Tp TP -32.0098 0 Td 0 Tr (Engineering) Tx (\r) TX TO 0 To 1 0 0 1 425.5 445 0 Tp TP -24.3398 0 Td 0 Tr (Business) Tx (\r) TX TO 0 To 1 0 0 1 376 558.5 0 Tp TP -21.3398 0 Td 0 Tr (Science) Tx (\r) TX TO u 2 To 0.9399 -0.3414 0.3414 0.9399 -342 1044 2.7883 Tp 369.2796 426.9293 m 356.5737 391.9539 317.9191 373.9002 282.9436 386.6061 c 247.9682 399.312 229.9146 437.9667 242.6205 472.9421 c 255.3264 507.9176 293.981 525.9712 328.9564 513.2653 c 363.9319 500.5594 381.9855 461.9047 369.2796 426.9293 c n TP 0.9404 0.3401 -0.3401 0.9404 278.9917 511.8325 Tm 0 Tr 0 O 0 g /_Helvetica-Oblique 12 Tf (C) Tx 0.972 0.235 -0.235 0.972 286.9337 514.6607 Tm (o) Tx 0.9931 0.1169 -0.1169 0.9931 293.162 516.2841 Tm (m) Tx 1 -0.0032 0.0032 1 302.8363 517.3382 Tm (p) Tx 0.995 -0.0998 0.0998 0.995 309.3064 517.3269 Tm (u) Tx 0.9852 -0.1715 0.1715 0.9852 315.7846 516.6221 Tm (t) Tx 0.9768 -0.2139 0.2139 0.9768 318.9804 516.0605 Tm (i) Tx 0.9604 -0.2788 0.2788 0.9604 321.4665 515.5891 Tm (n) Tx 0.9295 -0.3689 0.3689 0.9295 327.7427 513.7736 Tm (g) Tx (Computing\r) TX TO 0 R 0 G 0.5 w 305.975 449.9225 m S U %%PageTrailer gsave annotatepage grestore showpage %%Trailer Adobe_IllustratorA_AI3 /terminate get exec Adobe_typography_AI3 /terminate get exec Adobe_customcolor /terminate get exec Adobe_cshow /terminate get exec Adobe_cmykcolor /terminate get exec Adobe_packedarray /terminate get exec %%EOF %%EndDocument clear userdict /PMSAVE get restore S_PSCRIPT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 90 100 mul 1000 div 3000 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2539 6515 0.0000 0.6609 (FIGURE 2.1) 10 1 834 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 90 100 mul 1000 div 3000 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3532 6515 0.0000 0.6610 (Computer science and engineering, computing, and other problem) 62 7 4722 OUT 2539 6709 2.2299 3.9683 (domains. CS&E is central to computing, which in turn affects many problem) 74 12 5715 OUT 2539 6903 0.0000 3.9725 (domains.) 8 0 676 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2539 7549 16.4096 4.4092 (telligence to medicine. And from the beginning, numerical analysis) 67 9 5715 OUT 2539 7761 0.0000 3.2115 (was considered part of computer science in many departments�many) 64 8 5715 OUT 2539 7973 43.2389 4.4092 (of these numerical analysts are now beginning to call themselves) 64 9 5715 OUT 2539 8184 35.0167 4.4092 (computational scientists and are playing a major role in computa-) 65 9 5715 OUT 2539 8396 31.0450 4.4092 (tional science. But by and large, the very nature of CS&E and its) 66 13 5715 OUT 2539 8608 8.7995 4.4092 (growing pains forced the field to look inward.) 46 7 3854 OUT 2857 8819 14.5995 4.4092 (A striking example of this inward-looking tendency today is the) 63 9 5397 OUT 2539 9031 17.2765 4.4092 (attitude of the academic CS&E community toward the general busi-) 64 9 5715 OUT 2539 9243 2.6410 4.4092 (ness community. Both the number of commercial users of computers) 65 10 5715 OUT 2539 9454 12.4320 4.4092 (and the dollar value of computers used for commercial purposes far) 66 10 5715 OUT 2539 9666 13.9962 4.4092 (exceed the analogous quantities for academic science, and yet, apart) 68 9 5715 OUT 2539 9878 19.9387 4.4092 (from a few in the database community, academic CS&E researchers) 63 9 5715 OUT 2539 10089 11.9788 4.4092 (have been extraordinarily reluctant to engage the problems faced by) 67 9 5715 OUT 2539 10301 18.8392 4.4092 (business and commerce $although they do contribute to and benefit) 65 9 5715 OUT 2539 10513 1.7103 4.4092 (from the activities of businesses that produce computer-related prod-) 69 8 5715 OUT 2539 10724 0.0000 4.4400 (ucts$.) 6 0 442 OUT 2857 10936 18.1402 4.4092 (A simple illustration can be found in the divergent attitudes to-) 65 10 5397 OUT 2539 11148 25.0048 4.4092 (ward the programming language Cobol. Among those involved in) 61 9 5715 OUT 2539 11359 23.3380 4.4092 (advancing the field, Cobol is derided as 30-year-old technology, an) 67 9 5715 OUT ENDPAGE %%Page: 63 9 BEGPAGE AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 80 100 mul 1000 div 2660 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2540 2134 7.0318 3.5273 (LOOKING TO THE FUTURE OF CS&E) 29 5 2560 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 8079 2134 0.0000 -0.1574 (63) 2 0 176 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2540 2540 18.6186 4.4092 (anachronism. But Cobol is the language in which the vast majority) 66 11 5715 OUT 2540 2752 0.0000 4.3992 (of business and commercial programs have been written and are sup-) 66 10 5715 OUT 2540 2963 5.8295 4.4092 (ported. A second point is that for the last 25 years, the need to solve) 72 15 5715 OUT 2540 3175 0.0000 3.1178 (computation-intensive scientific and engineering problems rather than) 69 6 5715 OUT 2540 3387 34.6626 4.4092 (business problems has motivated the design of ever faster proces-) 65 9 5715 OUT 2540 3598 6.1817 4.4092 (sors. Finally, during its deliberations the committee found relatively) 71 9 5715 OUT 2540 3810 29.8639 4.4092 (few academic computer scientists or engineers with research inter-) 66 8 5715 OUT 2540 4022 39.4473 4.4092 (ests that arise directly from the needs of the commercial domain.) 65 10 5715 OUT 2540 4233 11.5658 4.4092 (This important aspect of the field has generally been left to business) 70 11 5715 OUT 2540 4445 10.5942 4.4092 (schools, library schools, and departments of operations research and) 68 8 5715 OUT 2540 4657 2.9124 4.4092 (manufacturing. As a result, the mainstream academic CS&E commu-) 64 9 5715 OUT 2540 4868 5.5665 4.4092 (nity has not participated much in the development of the many com-) 66 11 5715 OUT 2540 5080 38.4499 4.4092 (puting innovations that have transformed the modern corporation) 63 7 5715 OUT 2540 5292 8.8699 4.4092 (and the practice of business today.) 35 5 2885 OUT 2857 5503 19.2485 4.4092 (The inward-looking attitude of CS&E manifests itself to a lesser) 64 9 5397 OUT 2540 5715 7.9377 4.4092 ($though still substantial$ degree with respect to other applications as) 71 9 5715 OUT 2540 5927 10.5290 4.4092 (well. Although increasing numbers of computer scientists and engi-) 67 9 5715 OUT 2540 6138 37.6428 4.4092 (neers have research interests relevant to other scientific and engi-) 68 9 5715 OUT 2540 6350 3.1259 4.4092 (neering problems, the CS&E community still views with some appre-) 65 9 5715 OUT 2540 6562 7.7052 4.4092 (hension efforts to promote collaborations with other disciplines. For) 70 9 5715 OUT 2540 6773 13.6352 4.4092 (example, a recent CSTB workshop intended to bring together young) 64 9 5715 OUT 2540 6985 17.0989 4.4092 (computer scientists and engineers with molecular biologists in need) 67 8 5715 OUT 2540 7197 29.7746 4.4092 (of sophisticated computational systems elicited some concerns that) 66 7 5715 OUT 2540 7408 23.4562 4.4092 (pursuing such challenges would be inimical to progress in the aca-) 66 10 5715 OUT 2540 7620 32.3787 4.4092 (demic CS&E environment. The relevance and value of such work) 61 10 5715 OUT 2540 7832 15.4391 4.4092 (from a CS&E perspective are not widely recognized, and promotion) 64 9 5715 OUT 2540 8043 31.3517 4.4092 (opportunities for computer scientists and engineers who choose to) 65 8 5715 OUT 2540 8255 9.2596 4.4092 (work in this interdisciplinary area could thus be damaged.) 58 8 4897 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 70 100 mul 1000 div 2340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 7437 8196 0.0000 0.0000 (7) 1 0 62 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 8467 7.2866 4.4092 (Conversely, various disciplines have likewise been mistrustful of) 65 7 5397 OUT 2540 8678 6.5947 4.4092 (CS&E and have not known whether to embrace CS&E as a real disci-) 64 12 5715 OUT 2540 8890 19.8479 4.4092 (pline. Wasn�t computer science just programming? Was it really a) 66 11 5715 OUT 2540 9102 10.7903 4.4092 (science? Consider, for example, the following quotation, taken from) 68 9 5715 OUT 2540 9313 9.3596 4.4092 (a recent National Research Council report on physics:) 53 7 4479 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 70 100 mul 1000 div 2340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 7019 9254 0.0000 0.0000 (8) 1 0 62 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 90 100 mul 1000 div 3000 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3016 9602 23.7431 3.9683 (. . . computer programming introduces problems. . . . [F]or the) 64 12 4921 OUT 2857 9796 13.1549 3.9683 (computational theorist the programming problems have led to spe-) 64 8 5080 OUT 2857 9990 7.9253 3.9683 (cial difficulties, including a great deal of misunderstanding and un-) 69 9 5080 OUT 2857 10184 23.9819 3.9683 (derestimation of the role and intellectual quality of computational) 67 8 5080 OUT 2857 10378 0.3509 3.9682 (physics. ) 10 2 687 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 90 100 mul 1000 div 3000 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3544 10378 0.3509 3.9683 (Computer programming and debugging is, in large part, a mind-) 61 9 4393 OUT 2857 10572 5.0003 3.9683 (dulling, menial task, in which hours and days and weeks are spent making) 72 12 5080 OUT 2857 10766 12.1376 3.9683 (trivial changes in response to trivial errors or figuring out how to format) 75 12 5080 OUT 2857 10960 1.1177 3.9685 (the output.) 11 1 750 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 90 100 mul 1000 div 3000 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3607 10960 1.1178 3.9683 ( Yet one must be able at any moment to apply the deepest) 57 13 4330 OUT 2857 11154 23.5651 3.9683 (analytical skills in order to understand an unexpected result or to) 67 10 5080 OUT 2857 11348 7.9622 3.9683 (track down a subtle bug. [Emphasis added.]) 43 7 3353 OUT ENDPAGE %%Page: 64 10 BEGPAGE AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2557 2134 0.0000 -0.1574 (64) 2 0 176 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 80 100 mul 1000 div 2660 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 6396 2134 6.9510 3.5273 (COMPUTING THE FUTURE) 20 2 1876 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 2540 24.6976 4.4092 (Although the statement does acknowledge the intellectual chal-) 62 7 5397 OUT 2539 2752 18.3153 4.4092 (lenges of debugging programs, it fails to do justice to the wealth of) 69 12 5715 OUT 2539 2963 32.5544 4.4092 (knowledge and talent needed to construct correct programs in the) 64 9 5715 OUT 2539 3175 34.9515 4.4092 (first place. Indeed, it suggests that knowledge of a programming) 65 10 5715 OUT 2539 3387 9.6881 4.4092 (language�s syntax and the ability to perform low-level coding are all) 69 10 5715 OUT 2539 3598 39.2962 4.4092 (that a scientific programmer needs, whereas in fact knowledge of) 64 9 5715 OUT 2539 3810 18.3092 4.4092 (data structures and algorithms is the key to effective programming,) 67 9 5715 OUT 2539 4022 13.3449 4.4092 (and the structured decomposition of a problem and the stepwise re-) 66 10 5715 OUT 2539 4233 44.0313 4.4092 (finement of proposed solutions account for the largest portion of) 65 9 5715 OUT 2539 4445 15.6563 4.4092 (serious programming efforts. Even more problematically, it implies) 67 8 5715 OUT 2539 4657 8.2172 4.4093 (that the ) 9 2 695 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3234 4657 0.0000 4.4092 (only) 4 0 331 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3565 4657 8.2176 4.4092 ( function a program must serve is to solve a given prob-) 56 11 4689 OUT 2539 4868 0.5377 4.4092 (lem. Such a view is overly narrow, because it does not recognize that) 70 13 5715 OUT 2539 5080 0.0000 3.4811 (problems evolve, that therefore programs must evolve, and that CS&E) 67 9 5715 OUT 2539 5292 39.2906 4.4092 (is responsible for most of the tools and concepts needed to write) 65 11 5715 OUT 2539 5503 11.5156 4.4092 (evolvable programs. Put another way, it is understandable if physi-) 68 10 5715 OUT 2539 5715 12.9751 4.4092 (cists do not fully comprehend the intellectual challenges required to) 69 9 5715 OUT 2539 5927 16.6869 4.4092 (create the tools they use so freely. But rejection of those challenges) 71 12 5715 OUT 2539 6138 19.9701 4.4092 (as irrelevant to the business at hand may well discourage the intel-) 68 11 5715 OUT 2539 6350 8.7676 4.4092 (lectual work necessary to develop better tools.) 47 6 3859 OUT 2857 6562 23.5901 4.4092 (Beginning around 1986, CS&E as a field began to recognize the) 61 10 5397 OUT 2539 6773 11.9044 4.4092 (importance of interdisciplinary research and broadening. For exam-) 67 8 5715 OUT 2539 6985 10.4918 4.4092 (ple, interdisciplinary research became an issue at the biannual meet-) 69 9 5715 OUT 2539 7197 6.2687 4.4092 (ings of the chairs of Ph.D.-granting computer science departments as) 68 9 5715 OUT 2539 7408 4.9554 4.4092 (early as 1986. The HPCC Program, with its interdisciplinary orienta-) 69 10 5715 OUT 2539 7620 8.9978 4.4092 (tion, had its roots in various planning meetings held in 1986. Senior) 70 12 5715 OUT 2539 7832 13.6721 4.4092 (officials in NSF�s Computer and Information Sciences and Engineer-) 66 8 5715 OUT 2539 8043 14.6920 4.4092 (ing Directorate in the late 1980s were important advocates for inter-) 69 10 5715 OUT 2539 8255 28.3723 4.4092 (disciplinary work. Concerns about the insularity of the field were) 67 10 5715 OUT 2539 8467 20.4115 4.4092 (raised at the ACM-CRA conference on Strategic Directions in 1989) 64 9 5622 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 70 100 mul 1000 div 2340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 8161 8408 0.0000 0.0000 (9) 1 0 62 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2539 8678 8.3937 4.4093 (and at the 1988 Snowbird meeting.) 33 5 2893 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 70 100 mul 1000 div 2340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 5432 8619 0.0000 3.0867 (10) 2 0 130 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 5592 8678 8.3935 4.4092 ( In response to an inquiry from) 32 7 2662 OUT 2539 8890 3.6630 4.4092 (the committee, the ACM argued for a CS&E agenda that was broader) 64 11 5715 OUT 2539 9102 4.3621 4.4093 (and more closely linked to social needs.) 40 6 3294 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 70 100 mul 1000 div 2340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 5833 9043 0.0000 3.0869 (11) 2 0 130 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 5993 9102 4.3621 4.4093 ( Today, one can find many) 26 6 2261 OUT 2539 9313 12.6956 4.4092 (more�though still not substantial�instances of CS&E faculty mem-) 64 7 5715 OUT 2539 9525 8.7487 4.4092 (bers taking part in interdisciplinary work.) 43 5 3498 OUT 2857 9737 11.7771 4.4092 (At present, CS&E is in transition: many computer scientists and) 64 10 5397 OUT 2539 9948 0.0000 2.3747 (engineers are aware of its previous isolation and the need for a broader) 72 12 5715 OUT 2539 10160 6.3732 4.4092 (agenda, but the field as a whole has not yet taken sufficient action to) 71 13 5715 OUT 2539 10372 8.8263 4.4092 (remedy the problem or to change its culture.) 44 7 3721 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3237 10954 8.8833 4.4092 (RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES IN BROADENING) 36 3 4320 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 11271 17.7498 4.4092 (One simple principle should guide the formulation of a broader) 62 9 5397 OUT 2539 11483 9.0329 4.4092 (research agenda:) 16 1 1385 OUT ENDPAGE %%Page: 65 11 BEGPAGE AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 80 100 mul 1000 div 2660 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2540 2134 7.0318 3.5273 (LOOKING TO THE FUTURE OF CS&E) 29 5 2560 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 8079 2134 0.0000 -0.1574 (65) 2 0 176 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 2540 4.2079 4.4092 (Address substantive research problems in CS&E in the con-) 57 8 5080 OUT 2857 2752 19.5696 4.4092 (text of their application in and relevance to other problem) 59 9 5080 OUT 2857 2963 3.4570 4.4092 (domains, and derive inspiration for identifying and solving) 59 7 5080 OUT 2857 3175 8.8982 4.4092 (these research problems from these other domains.) 49 6 4355 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 3475 12.3532 4.4092 (By so doing, CS&E can be framed simultaneously as a discipline) 62 10 5397 OUT 2540 3686 8.3419 4.4092 (with its own deep intellectual traditions, as well as one that is appli-) 72 12 5715 OUT 2540 3898 37.2586 4.4092 (cable to other problem domains. CS&E can thus be an engine of) 62 12 5715 OUT 2540 4110 4.1879 4.4092 (progress and conceptual change in these other domains, even as they) 67 10 5715 OUT 2540 4321 0.0000 3.3643 (contribute to the identification of new areas of inquiry within CS&E.) 69 10 5558 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 70 100 mul 1000 div 2340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Bl