%!PS-Adobe-2.0 %%Title: computer 5 %%Creator: PageMaker 4.01 %%CreationDate: 6-4-1992, 8:41:6 %%For: Station PS %%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792 %%Pages: 22 0 %%DocumentPrinterRequired: "" "" %%DocumentFonts: (atend) %%DocumentSuppliedFonts: (atend) %%DocumentNeededFonts: (atend) %%DocumentNeededProcSets: %%DocumentSuppliedProcSets: AldusDict2 209 55 %%DocumentPaperSizes: Letter %%EndComments %%BeginFile: PatchFile userdict /AldusDict known {(A previous version PageMaker header is loaded.) = flush} if %%EndFile %%BeginProcSet: AldusDict2 209 55 % 209 55 AldusVersion/AldRevision: This record must be first!! % Copyright (C) 1987 Aldus Corporation. All rights reserved. /AldusDict2 325 dict def AldusDict2 begin /AldusVersion 209 def /AldusRev 55 def /bdef { bind def } bind def systemdict /currentpacking known {/AD_OldPacking currentpacking def true setpacking } if /AD_PrevMatrix matrix def /AD_SomethingOnPage false def /AD_OutlineWidth 30 def /AD_ShadOffset 0.06 def /AD_OLShadOffset 0.06 def /AD_OLSmearFact 0.03 def /AD_BoldSmearFact 0.03 def /AD_ObliqueAngle -0.21 def /AD_TrueSetscreen /setscreen load def /AD_NestedMirror false def /AD_TextCutout false def /BEGJOB { /AD_Invert exch def dup AD_NestedMirror xor /AD_NestedMirror exch def /AD_MirrorFlag exch def /AD_WideFlag exch def /paperwid exch def /paperht exch def /AD_Resolution 1440 def /AD_PointsToUCS AD_Resolution 72 div def AD_PrevMatrix currentmatrix pop /AD_PrevScreen [currentscreen] def /AD_PrevTransfer currenttransfer def /AD_StdScreen true def /STD_SCREEN { AD_StdScreen not { AD_PrevScreen cvx exec setscreen /AD_PrevTransfer load settransfer /AD_StdScreen true assign }if } def true _SetCoordSys version (23.) anchorsearch { pop pop /truesetgray /setgray load def /setgray { mark AD_Invert {.0 .0 .06 .1 .28 .48 .56 .68 .82 .9 .98 1.0 } {1.0 1.0 .98 .9 .82 .68 .56 .48 .28 .1 .06 .0 } ifelse counttomark dup 3 add -1 roll exch 2 sub mul dup floor cvi dup 3 1 roll sub exch dup 3 add index exch 2 add index dup 4 1 roll sub mul add counttomark 1 add 1 roll cleartomark truesetgray } def } { pop } ifelse /screenAdjust 1 0 dtransform exch atan def /mirrorScreen AD_NestedMirror {/neg load} {{}} ifelse def /setscreen {exch screenAdjust add mirrorScreen exch AD_TrueSetscreen} def } def /_SetCoordSys { /AD_OldSys exch def AD_WideFlag { AD_OldSys { 90 rotate 1 AD_PointsToUCS div dup neg scale } { 1 AD_PointsToUCS div dup neg scale paperht paperwid neg translate 90 rotate } ifelse } { 1 AD_PointsToUCS div dup neg scale 0 paperht neg translate } ifelse AD_MirrorFlag { paperwid 0 translate -1 1 scale } if /AD_DeviceScale 1 1 transform pop 0 0 transform pop sub abs def } bdef /SETRES { /AD_Resolution exch def /AD_PointsToUCS AD_Resolution 72 div def AD_PrevMatrix setmatrix false _SetCoordSys _DefinePatterns } bdef /SETOVERPRINT { setoverprint } bdef /SETTEXTCUTOUT { /AD_TextCutout exch def } bdef /BEGPAGE { /AD_SomethingOnPage false def } bdef /ENDPAGE { AD_SomethingOnPage { save showpage restore } if } def /MUST_PRINT_PAGE { /AD_SomethingOnPage true def } bdef /ENDJOB { AD_PrevMatrix setmatrix } bdef /S_PSCRIPT { /AD_SomethingOnPage true def } bdef /S_TEXTSEGBEG { /here save def /TX_RunDrawn false def newpath } bdef /S_TEXTSEGEND { TX_RunDrawn { here restore /AD_SomethingOnPage true def } { here restore } ifelse } bdef /S_WORKING { /AD_WorkingMemory exch def } bdef /S_LOADFONT { AldusDict2 /AD_TopOfFonts known exch { { AD_TopOfFonts restore } if } { not { save /AD_TopOfFonts exch def } if } ifelse } bdef /SURSTR { AD_SomethingOnPage SUsv restore } bdef /SUSAVE { AldusDict2 /AD_TopOfFonts known vmstatus exch sub exch pop AD_WorkingMemory lt { dup { AD_TopOfFonts restore } if } if not { save /AD_TopOfFonts exch def } if save /SUsv exch def /AD_SomethingOnPage exch def } bdef /_ftName 66 string def /_AutoRecode { /recode exch def _ftName cvs dup length 7 gt { dup 0 7 getinterval (|______) eq { dup length 7 exch 7 sub getinterval recode { FTRECODE } { FTRENAME } ifelse } { pop } ifelse } { pop } ifelse } bdef /SYM_SAV { save /SYMsv exch def } bdef /SYM_RSTR { AD_SomethingOnPage SYMsv restore /AD_SomethingOnPage exch def } bdef /AD_save_xform null def /SET_TX_XFORM { /m_x exch def /r_angle exch def /ref_y exch def /ref_x exch def /AD_save_xform save def ref_x ref_y translate m_x { -1 1 scale } if r_angle neg rotate ref_x neg ref_y neg translate } bind def /CLEAR_TX_XFORM { AD_SomethingOnPage AD_save_xform restore /AD_SomethingOnPage exch def } bind def /SHADOWFLAG 16#1 def /OUTLINEFLAG 16#2 def /BOLDSMEAR 16#4 def /OUTLINESMEAR 16#8 def /ReENCODED 16#10 def /BOLDPSBUMP 16#20 def /ITALICOBLIQUE 16#40 def /SET { count 5 eq not{6 array astore}if /AD_textcolor exch def /AD_fontbits exch def /AD_20EMS exch def 1 index FontDirectory exch known not { 1 index ReENCODED AD_fontbits _iand _AutoRecode } if BOLDPSBUMP AD_fontbits _iand { 1 add } if dup _ActivateFont ITALICOBLIQUE AD_fontbits _iand { _ActivateObliqueFont } if /AD_width_factor_internal AD_width_factor def AD_width_factor 1 ne { currentfont [AD_width_factor 0 0 1 0 0] makefont setfont } if /AD_EmNotMatch AD_20EMS 20 div (M) _ADStringWidth pop sub abs 1 gt def false SETTEXTCUTOUT } bdef /S_SETUPRUN /SET load def /OUT { /here save def /runwidth exch def /nspaces exch def /nchars exch def /textrun exch def /letterspace exch def /wordspace exch def /y1 exch def /x1 exch def nchars 0 gt { AD_textcolor dup _Gray? {setgray} {aload pop {PREGISCOLOR}{PCOLOR}ifelse } ifelse /letterspace AD_EmNotMatch { runwidth textrun _ADStringWidth pop nchars dup 1 gt {1 sub} if letterspace mul add nspaces wordspace mul add sub nchars dup 1 gt {1 sub} if div } { 0 } ifelse letterspace add def SHADOWFLAG AD_fontbits _iand { save OUTLINEFLAG AD_fontbits _iand { _OLShadowOffset } { AD_textcolor _Gray?{_ShadowScreen}if AD_textcolor _ShadowColor _ShadowOffset } ifelse OUTLINEFLAG AD_fontbits _iand OUTLINESMEAR AD_fontbits _iand not and { _ActivateSolidFont _SetTextWidth } if AD_TextCutout {1 setgray} if _ShowRun BOLDSMEAR AD_fontbits _iand { _BoldSmearOffset _ShowRun } if restore } if OUTLINEFLAG AD_fontbits _iand OUTLINESMEAR AD_fontbits _iand and { _OLSmearRun } { OUTLINEFLAG AD_fontbits _iand { save _ActivateSolidFont _SetTextWidth AD_textcolor _Gray? AD_textcolor _White? or { AD_textcolor _White? {0} {_TextFillColor} ifelse setgray } { 1 setgray }ifelse _ShowRun restore } if _ShowRun BOLDSMEAR AD_fontbits _iand { _BoldSmearOffset _ShowRun } if } ifelse } if here restore /AD_SomethingOnPage true def } bdef /S_OUTPUTRUN /OUT load def /_ADStringWidth { gsave closepath clip stringwidth grestore } bdef /_OLSmearRun { gsave _OLSmearOffset translate _ShowRun grestore gsave _OLSmearOffset exch neg exch translate _ShowRun grestore gsave _OLSmearOffset neg translate _ShowRun grestore gsave _OLSmearOffset neg exch neg exch translate _ShowRun grestore gsave AD_textcolor _Gray? AD_textcolor _White? or { AD_textcolor _White? {0} { _TextFillColor} ifelse setgray } { 1 setgray }ifelse _ShowRun grestore } bdef /_TextFillColor { AD_TextCutout {1} {1 AD_textcolor sub} ifelse } bdef /_ShowRun { x1 y1 moveto wordspace 0 8#040 letterspace 0 textrun awidthshow } bdef /AD_width_factor_internal 1 def /_SetTextWidth { AD_width_factor_internal 1 ne { currentfont [AD_width_factor_internal 0 0 1 0 0] makefont setfont } if } bdef /AD_save_textwidth null def /SET_TEXT_WIDTH { /AD_width_factor_internal exch def /AD_save_textwidth save def _SetTextWidth } bdef /RESTORE_TEXT_WIDTH { AD_SomethingOnPage AD_save_textwidth restore /AD_SomethingOnPage exch def /AD_width_factor_internal 1 def } bdef /AD_width_factor 1 def /SET_TX_WIDTH { /AD_width_factor exch def } bdef /CLEAR_TX_WIDTH { /AD_width_factor 1 def } bdef /S_UNDERLINE { /here save def count 7 eq not{6 array astore}if /color exch def /pointsize exch def /width exch def /deltay exch def /baseline exch def /rightx exch def /leftx exch def currentfont /FontInfo known { currentfont /FontInfo get /UnderlinePosition known { /deltay currentfont /FontInfo get /UnderlinePosition get currentfont /FontMatrix get 3 get mul pointsize AD_fontscale AD_PointsToUCS div div mul def } if currentfont /FontInfo get /UnderlineThickness known { /width currentfont /FontInfo get /UnderlineThickness get currentfont /FontMatrix get 3 get abs mul pointsize AD_fontscale AD_PointsToUCS div div mul def } if } if /underliney 0 baseline deltay add transform round exch round exch itransform exch pop def color dup _Gray? {setgray}{aload pop {PREGISCOLOR}{PCOLOR}ifelse }ifelse width setlinewidth SHADOWFLAG AD_fontbits _iand { save OUTLINEFLAG AD_fontbits _iand { _OLShadowOffset } { color _Gray?{_ShadowScreen}if color _ShadowColor _ShadowOffset } ifelse leftx underliney rightx underliney _ShowUnderline restore } if leftx underliney rightx underliney _ShowUnderline OUTLINEFLAG AD_fontbits _iand OUTLINESMEAR AD_fontbits _iand not and { save color _Gray?{1 color sub setgray} {0 0 0 0 setcmykcolor }ifelse /AD_OutlineWidth AD_OutlineWidth 1000 div AD_fontscale mul def width 3 AD_OutlineWidth mul ge { width 2 AD_OutlineWidth mul sub } { width 3 div } ifelse setlinewidth leftx AD_OutlineWidth add underliney rightx AD_OutlineWidth sub underliney _ShowUnderline restore } if here restore /AD_SomethingOnPage true def } bdef /_ShowUnderline { newpath moveto lineto stroke } bdef /S_STRIKETHRU { /here save def count 4 eq not{6 array astore}if /color exch def /y exch def /rightx exch def /leftx exch def /y 0 y transform round exch round exch itransform exch pop def color _Gray? {color setgray}{color aload pop {PREGISCOLOR}{PCOLOR}ifelse }ifelse _StrikeThruWidth setlinewidth newpath leftx y moveto rightx y lineto stroke here restore /AD_SomethingOnPage true def } bdef /DV_DRAW_TEXT { /here save def /text exch def /y exch def /x exch def Black setgray (Helvetica-Bold) FTRECODE /|______Helvetica-Bold 9 dup _ActivateFont x y moveto text show here restore /AD_SomethingOnPage true def } bdef /DV_DRAW_BOX { /here save def /draftflag exch def /shadowflag exch def /y2 exch def /x2 exch def /y1 exch def /x1 exch def AD_PointsToUCS 2 div setlinewidth newpath x1 y1 moveto x1 y2 lineto x2 y2 lineto x2 y1 lineto closepath shadowflag { gsave STD_SCREEN 0.5 setgray fill grestore} { gsave 1.0 setgray fill grestore 0.0 setgray stroke } ifelse draftflag { x1 y1 moveto x2 y2 lineto stroke x2 y1 moveto x1 y2 lineto stroke } if here restore /AD_SomethingOnPage true def } bdef /DV_DRAW_LINE { /here save def /lw exch def /y2 exch def /x2 exch def /y1 exch def /x1 exch def x1 y1 transform round exch round exch itransform /y1 exch def /x1 exch def x2 y2 transform round exch round exch itransform /y2 exch def /x2 exch def 0 lw transform round exch round exch itransform /lw exch def pop lw setlinewidth 0 setseparationgray newpath x1 y1 moveto x2 y2 lineto stroke here restore /AD_SomethingOnPage true def } def /DV_DRAW_CIRCLE { /here save def /lw exch def /r exch def /y exch def /x exch def x y transform round exch round exch itransform /y exch def /x exch def 0 r transform round exch round exch itransform /r exch def pop 0 lw transform round exch round exch itransform /lw exch def pop lw setlinewidth Black setgray newpath x y r 0 360 arc stroke here restore /AD_SomethingOnPage true def } bdef /_ActivateFont { /AD_fontscale exch AD_PointsToUCS mul def /AD_fontscaleX exch AD_PointsToUCS mul def /AD_fontname exch def AD_fontname findfont [ AD_fontscaleX 0 0 AD_fontscale neg 0 0 ] makefont setfont } bdef /_ActivateObliqueFont { AD_fontname findfont [ AD_fontscaleX 0 0 AD_fontscale neg 0 0 ] [ 1 0 AD_ObliqueAngle 1 0 0 ] matrix concatmatrix makefont setfont } bdef /_ActivateSolidFont { AD_solidfont AD_fontscaleX AD_PointsToUCS div AD_fontscale AD_PointsToUCS div _ActivateFont } bdef /_ShadowOffset { AD_ShadOffset AD_fontscaleX mul AD_ShadOffset AD_fontscale mul translate } bdef /_OLShadowOffset { AD_OLShadOffset AD_fontscaleX mul AD_OLShadOffset AD_fontscale mul translate } bdef /_ShadowScreen { 100 AD_PrevScreen 1 get AD_PrevScreen 2 get setscreen } bdef /_ShadowColor { dup _Gray? exch dup _White? 3 -1 roll or { dup _White? {pop 1 }if 0.6 mul 0.8 exch sub setgray} {_ShadeColor }ifelse } bdef /_ShadeColor { /AldusTint .2 def aload pop {PREGISCOLOR}{PCOLOR}ifelse /AldusTint 1 def } bdef /_Gray? { dup type 0 type eq exch type 0.0 type eq or } bdef /_White? { dup type [] type eq {aload pop pop pop add add add 0 eq {true}{false }ifelse }{pop false }ifelse } bdef /PCOLOR { findcmykcustomcolor AD_NonSepPat {1 currentgray sub setcustomcolor} {AldusTint setcustomcolor}ifelse } def /ndf { 1 index where {pop pop pop}{dup xcheck {bind }if def }ifelse } bdef /setoverprint { AldusDict2 begin /AD_Overprint exch def end }ndf /currentoverprint { AldusDict2 /AD_Overprint get }ndf /setcmykcoloroverprint { 4{dup -1 eq{pop 0}if 4 1 roll}repeat setcmykcolor }ndf /findcmykcustomcolor { 5 /packedarray where {pop packedarray}{array astore readonly }ifelse }ndf /setcustomcolor { exch aload pop pop 4 {4 index mul 4 1 roll } repeat setcmykcolor pop }ndf /setcmykcolor { 1 exch sub _Ccmyk _Ccmyk _Ccmyk pop setrgbcolor }ndf /customcolorimage { pop image }ndf /separationimage { image }ndf /setseparationgray { setgray }ndf /_Ccmyk { dup 5 -1 roll sub 0 _Max exch }bdef /_Max { 2 copy lt {exch }if pop } bdef /_OLSmearOffset { AD_OLSmearFact AD_fontscaleX mul AD_OLSmearFact AD_fontscale mul } bdef /_BoldSmearOffset { AD_BoldSmearFact AD_fontscaleX mul AD_BoldSmearFact AD_fontscale mul translate } bdef /_StrikeThruWidth { AD_fontscale 16 div } bdef /_iand { and 0 ne } bdef /FTRENAME { dup (|______) exch ftMakeName cvn /NewName local FontDirectory NewName known {pop} {cvn findfont dup maxlength dict false copyDict dup /FontName known {dup /FontName NewName put} if NewName exch definefont pop } ifelse } bdef /FTRECODE { dup (|______) exch ftMakeName cvn /NewName local FontDirectory NewName known {pop} {cvn findfont dup maxlength dict false copyDict dup /FontName known {dup /FontName NewName put} if dup /Encoding MacEncoding put NewName exch definefont pop } ifelse } bdef /AD_encode_vector_size 256 def /AD_encode_vector null def /AD_doing_recoding false def /BEG_RECODE { dup (|______) exch ftMakeName cvn /NewName local FontDirectory NewName known { pop /AD_doing_recoding false def /AD_encode_vector null def } {cvn findfont dup maxlength dict false copyDict dup /FontName known {dup /FontName NewName put} if /AD_encode_vector AD_encode_vector_size array def dup begin Encoding AD_encode_vector copy pop end dup /Encoding AD_encode_vector put NewName exch definefont pop /AD_doing_recoding true def AD_encode_vector dup } ifelse } bdef /ENCODE_CHAR { AD_doing_recoding { put dup } { pop pop } ifelse } bdef /END_RECODE { AD_doing_recoding { pop pop } if /AD_doing_recoding false def /AD_encode_vector null def } bdef /FTOUTLINE { ReENCODED FTOLINE } bdef /FTOLINE { /AD_fontbits exch def cvn /OlineName local dup /AD_solidfont exch def AD_solidfont FontDirectory exch known not { AD_solidfont ReENCODED AD_fontbits _iand _AutoRecode } if FontDirectory OlineName known {pop} {cvn findfont dup maxlength 2 add dict true copyDict dup /FontName known {dup /FontName OlineName put} if dup /PaintType 2 put dup /StrokeWidth AD_OutlineWidth put OlineName exch definefont pop } ifelse } bdef /AD_nameString1 66 string def /ftMakeName { 1 index length /PrefixLen local dup length PrefixLen add AD_nameString1 exch 0 exch getinterval dup PrefixLen 4 -1 roll putinterval dup 0 4 -1 roll putinterval } bdef /copyDict { /NoUnique local begin { 1 index /FID ne NoUnique {2 index /UniqueID ne and} if { def } { pop pop } ifelse } forall currentdict end } bdef /MacEncoding 256 array def MacEncoding 0 /Times-Roman findfont /Encoding get 0 128 getinterval putinterval MacEncoding 16#27 /quotesingle put MacEncoding 16#60 /grave put /Adieresis /Aring /Ccedilla /Eacute /Ntilde /Odieresis /Udieresis /aacute /agrave /acircumflex /adieresis /atilde /aring /ccedilla /eacute /egrave /ecircumflex /edieresis /iacute /igrave /icircumflex /idieresis /ntilde /oacute /ograve /ocircumflex /odieresis /otilde /uacute /ugrave /ucircumflex /udieresis /dagger /degree /cent /sterling /section /bullet /paragraph /germandbls /registersans /copyrightsans /trademarksans /acute /dieresis /notequal /AE /Oslash /infinity /plusminus /lessequal /greaterequal /yen /mu /partialdiff /summation /product /pi /integral /ordfeminine /ordmasculine /Omega /ae /oslash /questiondown /exclamdown /logicalnot /radical /florin /approxequal /Delta /guillemotleft /guillemotright /ellipsis /space /Agrave /Atilde /Otilde /OE /oe /endash /emdash /quotedblleft /quotedblright /quoteleft /quoteright /divide /lozenge /ydieresis /Ydieresis /fraction /currency /guilsinglleft /guilsinglright /fi /fl /daggerdbl /periodcentered /quotesinglbase /quotedblbase /perthousand /Acircumflex /Ecircumflex /Aacute /Edieresis /Egrave /Iacute /Icircumflex /Idieresis /Igrave /Oacute /Ocircumflex /apple /Ograve /Uacute /Ucircumflex /Ugrave /dotlessi /circumflex /tilde /macron /breve /dotaccent /ring /cedilla /hungarumlaut /ogonek /caron MacEncoding 128 128 getinterval astore pop /getAnInt{2 getinterval dup 0 get 16#100 mul exch 1 get add cvi}def /CharBitStr 30 string def /BuildCharDict 16 dict def /AFONT { gsave /FName local /BMFSize local 1 add /LastChar local /FirstChar local /DefChar LastChar FirstChar sub 2 mul def 20 dict dup begin 10 1 roll /LocTableLen local /OWTableLen local /BMRowLen local /PixelHeight local /FontWidth local /MaxWidth local /MaxKern local /Descent local /Ascent local /Bits BMRowLen PixelHeight mul string currentfile exch readhexstring pop def /LocTable LocTableLen string currentfile exch readhexstring pop def /OWTable OWTableLen string currentfile exch readhexstring pop def /FontType 3 def /FontMatrix matrix def /FontBBox[MaxKern Descent neg MaxWidth MaxKern add Ascent]def /Encoding 256 array def Encoding 0 MacEncoding 0 256 getinterval putinterval /Mummble 257 array def 0 1 256{Mummble exch DefChar put}for FirstChar 1 LastChar{Mummble exch dup FirstChar sub 2 mul put}for /BuildChar { BuildCharDict begin /1Char local /FDict local FDict /Mummble get 1Char get /2Char local FDict /OWTable get 2Char getAnInt 16#FFFF eq {/2Char DefChar assign}if FDict /LocTable get 2Char getAnInt /BitLoc local FDict /LocTable get 2Char 2 add getAnInt BitLoc sub /BitWidth local BitLoc 8 mod /ShiftVal local 16#FF 8 ShiftVal sub dup neg /RemShift local bitshift 16#FF and /BMask local 16#FF 8 BitLoc BitWidth add 8 mod sub dup 8 ge{pop 0}if BitWidth 0 eq{pop 8}if bitshift /AMask local BitWidth ShiftVal add 7 add 8 idiv dup 0 eq{pop 1}if /ByteWidth local BitLoc 8 idiv /WhichRow local FDict /OWTable get 2Char get cvi /Offset local FDict /OWTable get 2Char 1 add get cvi /Charwidth local Charwidth 0 BMFSize divPoint FDict /MaxKern get FDict /Descent get neg BMFSize divPoint BitWidth Offset add FDict /MaxKern get add FDict /Ascent get BMFSize divPoint setcachedevice gsave ByteWidth 8 mul FDict /PixelHeight get true [FDict /PixelHeight get FDict /Descent get sub 1 add 0 0 FDict /PixelHeight get FDict /Descent get sub 1 add neg Offset neg 0.5 add FDict /PixelHeight get FDict /Descent get sub 0.5 add] { FDict /Bits get WhichRow ByteWidth getinterval CharBitStr copy /ThisRow local 16#100 ByteWidth 1 sub 1 neg 0 { /iV local ThisRow iV get 1 index 16#100 eq{AMask and}if dup BMask and RemShift bitshift 3 1 roll ShiftVal bitshift add 16#FF and cvi ThisRow iV 3 -1 roll put }for pop ThisRow /WhichRow WhichRow FDict /BMRowLen get add assign } imagemask grestore end }def end FontDirectory FName cvn known {pop} {FName cvn exch definefont pop} ifelse grestore }def /AldusTint 1 def /AD_Overprint false def /AD_NonSepPat false def /const /def load def /var /def load def /local[/exch load /def load]cvx def /assign /def load def /incr{dup cvx exec 1 add assign}bdef /postIncr{dup cvx exec exch incr}bdef /SpaceChar 16#20 const /cvPA{2 array astore cvx}bdef /point{cvPA def}bdef /locPoint{3 1 roll point}bdef /pointXpoint{3 -1 roll mul 3 1 roll mul exch}bdef /pointDpoint{3 -1 roll exch div 3 1 roll div exch}bdef /setPoint{load astore pop}bdef /dupPoint{2 copy}bdef /addPoint{exch 4 -1 roll add 3 1 roll add}bdef /subPoint{exch 3 1 roll sub 3 1 roll sub exch}bdef /mulPoint{dup pointXpoint}bdef /divPoint{dup pointDpoint}bdef /exchPoint{4 2 roll}bdef /overPoint{3 index 3 index}bdef /anyStatD systemdict /statusdict known const /thisProduct anyStatD {statusdict /product known{statusdict /product get}{()}ifelse} {()}ifelse const /PerCentChg 1.0 -1.0 point /boxPath{/y2 local /x2 local /y1 local /x1 local x1 y1 moveto x2 y1 lineto x2 y2 lineto x1 y2 lineto closepath}bdef /dump{4{pop}repeat}bdef /rBoxPath{/r local /y2 local /x2 local /y1 local /x1 local x1 r add y1 moveto x2 y1 x2 y2 r arcto dump x2 y2 x1 y2 r arcto dump x1 y2 x1 y1 r arcto dump x1 y1 x2 y1 r arcto dump closepath}bdef /SaveMatrix matrix var /ButtCap 0 const /SquareCap 2 const /MiterJoin 0 const /BevelJoin 2 const /Black 0 const /White 1 const /Wide 0 const /Narrow 1 const /PictPostScript false var /isHairline false var /PBEGIN{ dup not {save /PSave exch def} if /isLBO exch def /PBotRight locPoint /PTopLeft locPoint isLBO not {newpath PTopLeft PBotRight boxPath clip} if newpath isLBO {ButtCap}{SquareCap} ifelse setlinecap MiterJoin setlinejoin 3 setmiterlimit AD_PointsToUCS setlinewidth /deviceRound { dup AD_DeviceScale mul round AD_DeviceScale div dup 0 eq { pop } { exch pop } ifelse } def /HairWidth AD_PointsToUCS 4 div AD_DeviceScale mul deviceRound dup 1.5 lt { pop 0 } if const Black setgray /LineScale 1 var /LineWidth AD_PointsToUCS var /LineHeight AD_PointsToUCS var /DoingWedge false var /DoingArc false var AldusDict2 /PatternShade known not { /psb {} bdef /pse {} bdef /PatternShade Black var /DeclaredPattern <00> var /PCurPat <01> var } if }bdef /PEND{ newpath isLBO not {PSave restore} if /AD_SomethingOnPage true def }bdef /SetPattern { dup /PatternShade exch def setgray } bdef /bitison{ /ybit local /xbit local PCurPat ybit PatWidth mul xbit 8 idiv add get 1 7 xbit 8 mod AD_NestedMirror {exch pop}{sub} ifelse bitshift and 0 ne}bdef /PSHADE{ STD_SCREEN 100 div dup /PatternShade exch def /AD_NonSepPat true def setgray <01> /PCurPat local } def /BK { /AD_NonSepPat true def Black setgray } bdef /WT { /AD_NonSepPat true def White setgray } bdef /PBLACK /BK load def /PWHITE /WT load def /PREGISCOLOR { pop AD_NonSepPat { pop currentgray}{AldusTint mul 1 exch sub}ifelse setseparationgray pop pop pop } bdef /PUSETHISPATTERN { dup PCurPat eq {pop}{ PPATTERN } ifelse PatternShade /AD_NonSepPat true def setgray /VerifyUsedPattern false def } bdef /PUSEPATTERN { VerifyUsedPattern {DeclaredPattern PCurPat ne {DeclaredPattern PPATTERN} if } if PatternShade setgray /VerifyUsedPattern false def } bdef /PDECLAREPATTERN { /DeclaredPattern exch def /VerifyUsedPattern true def /AD_NonSepPat true def } bdef /PatWidth 1 const /PatSide 8 const /PFreq 300 32 div const /PPATTERN{/PCurPat local /AD_NonSepPat true def /VerifyUsedPattern false def 0 /Onbits local 0 /Offbits local AD_Invert {{1 exch sub} settransfer} {{} settransfer} ifelse PFreq PerCentChg pop dup 0.96 eq {pop}{div}ifelse 0 { 1 1 addPoint 2 divPoint PatSide mulPoint cvi exch cvi exch bitison AD_Invert xor {/Onbits incr 1} {/Offbits incr 0}ifelse } setscreen Offbits dup Onbits add div AD_Invert {1 exch sub} if SetPattern /AD_StdScreen false assign}def /vertLines{pop dup mul -2 mul 1 add}bdef /sPat { AD_Invert {{1 exch sub} settransfer} {{} settransfer} ifelse setscreen setgray }def /PALDUSSHADE { <11> /PCurPat local /AD_NonSepPat true def /AD_StdScreen false assign Wide eq { 0.774 20 45 {vertLines} sPat } { 0.643 30 45 {vertLines} sPat } ifelse } bdef /PHAIRWIDTH { HairWidth setlinewidth /isHairline true def } bdef /LW { LineScale mul deviceRound /LineHeight exch def LineScale mul deviceRound dup /LineWidth exch def setlinewidth /isHairline false def }bdef /PLNWIDTH /LW load def /PLNSCALE{div /LineScale exch def} bdef /roundCoord { 0.5 add round 0.5 sub } bdef /roundPoint { transform round exch round exch itransform } bdef /adjCoord { dup 1 AD_DeviceScale div gt { deviceRound 2 div } { pop .5 AD_DeviceScale div } ifelse } bdef /pULAdj{ roundPoint currentlinewidth adjCoord LineHeight adjCoord addPoint }bdef /pLRAdj{ roundPoint currentlinewidth adjCoord LineHeight adjCoord subPoint }bdef /QD_LINE { /qd_save save def /y2 exch def /x2 exch def /y1 exch def /x1 exch def x1 x2 gt { x1 y1 x2 y2 /y1 exch def /x1 exch def /y2 exch def /x2 exch def } if newpath y1 y2 gt { x1 y1 moveto x2 y2 lineto x2 LineWidth add dup y2 lineto y2 LineHeight add lineto x1 LineWidth add y1 LineHeight add lineto x1 y1 LineHeight add lineto x1 y1 lineto } { x1 y1 moveto x1 LineWidth add y1 lineto x2 LineWidth add dup y2 lineto y2 LineHeight add lineto x2 y2 LineHeight add lineto x1 y1 LineHeight add lineto x1 y1 lineto } ifelse closepath eofill qd_save restore } bdef /PLINETO { PictPostScript { moveto lineto } { /y2 exch def /x2 exch def /y1 exch def /x1 exch def currentlinecap ButtCap setlinecap newpath x1 x2 eq y1 y2 eq and { LineWidth 1 le LineHeight 1 le and { x1 y1 moveto } { x1 y1 x1 LineWidth add y1 LineHeight add boxPath fill} ifelse } { y1 y2 eq { LineWidth x1 x2 lt { x2 add /x2 exch def } { x1 add /x1 exch def } ifelse LineHeight setlinewidth x1 y1 LineHeight 2 div add roundPoint moveto x2 y2 LineHeight 2 div add roundPoint lineto mayStroke } { x1 x2 eq { LineHeight y1 y2 lt { y2 add /y2 exch def } { y1 add /y1 exch def } ifelse x1 LineWidth 2 div add y1 roundPoint moveto x2 LineWidth 2 div add y2 roundPoint lineto mayStroke } { x1 y1 pULAdj moveto x2 y2 pULAdj lineto mayStroke } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse setlinecap } ifelse }bdef /HairRect { save /here exch def /y2 exch def /x2 exch def /y1 exch def /x1 exch def PHAIRWIDTH newpath x1 x2 sub abs y1 y2 sub abs lt { x1 x2 add 2 div dup y1 roundPoint moveto y2 roundPoint lineto stroke} { y1 y2 add 2 div dup x1 exch roundPoint moveto x2 exch roundPoint lineto stroke} ifelse here restore } bdef /PHAIRLINE { count 4 gt { newpath PHAIRWIDTH addPoint 2 divPoint roundPoint moveto addPoint 2 divPoint roundPoint lineto pop pop stroke } { HairRect } ifelse } bdef /PHANGLINE { roundPoint /yb exch def /xr exch def roundPoint /yt exch def /xl exch def deviceRound /delta exch def { {yt delta sub /yt exch def} {yb delta add /yb exch def} ifelse } { {xl delta sub /xl exch def} {xr delta add /xr exch def} ifelse } ifelse newpath 1 AD_DeviceScale div 2 div dup dupPoint xl yt addPoint exchPoint xr yb exchPoint subPoint boxPath fill } bdef /PCURVETO { curveto } bdef /PMOVETO { moveto } bdef /PRECT{newpath pLRAdj exchPoint pULAdj exchPoint boxPath}bdef /PRRECT { pLRAdj /Botts locPoint pULAdj /Tops locPoint currentlinewidth dup subPoint /Diams locPoint newpath SaveMatrix currentmatrix pop Botts Tops subPoint /Sides locPoint Sides pop abs Diams pop ge{Diams}{Sides}ifelse pop Sides exch pop abs Diams exch pop ge{Diams}{Sides}ifelse exch pop /Diams locPoint Diams 2 div /YRad local 0 gt {Diams exch pop 0 eq {1} {Diams div} ifelse } {1}ifelse 1 /PRRscale locPoint Tops translate PRRscale scale 0 0 Sides PRRscale pointDpoint Diams 0 gt exch 0 gt and{YRad rBoxPath}{boxPath}ifelse SaveMatrix setmatrix}bdef /POVAL{newpath SaveMatrix currentmatrix pop 0 359 false pArc closepath SaveMatrix setmatrix}bdef /PARC{ newpath SaveMatrix currentmatrix pop /DoingArc true assign false pArc SaveMatrix setmatrix }bdef /PWEDGE{newpath SaveMatrix currentmatrix pop /DoingWedge true assign true pArc closepath SaveMatrix setmatrix }bdef /modAdj{ dup 360 gt{360 sub}if dup 0 lt{360 add}if}bdef /pArc{/Fill local /ArcAng local /BegAng local pLRAdj /PLR locPoint pULAdj /PUL locPoint 360 BegAng ArcAng add sub 90 add modAdj /StartAng local StartAng ArcAng add /EndAng local PLR PUL subPoint 2 divPoint /Rad locPoint PUL Rad addPoint translate Rad neg scale Fill{0 0 moveto}if 0 0 1 StartAng EndAng dupPoint eq {pop pop 0 359 arc closepath} {ArcAng 0 lt {arcn}{arc}ifelse } ifelse }bdef /PBEGPOLY{ newpath pULAdj moveto }bdef /PBEGSMOOTHPOLY { newpath } bdef /PPOLYPOINT { pULAdj lineto } bdef /PENDPOLY{ /Closed local Closed{closepath}if }bdef /PENDSMOOTHPOLY { PENDPOLY } bdef /PBEGRGN{mark}bdef /PREGION{PRECT cleartomark}bdef /PTXBEG {/PTSave1 save const} bdef /PROTATE { currentdict /PRotateSave known not {save /PRotateSave exch def} if 3 1 roll dupPoint neg exch neg exch 5 2 roll translate rotate translate } bdef /PHFLIP { currentdict /PRotateSave known not {save /PRotateSave exch def} if dupPoint neg exch neg exch 4 2 roll translate -1 1 scale translate } bdef /PVFLIP { currentdict /PRotateSave known not {save /PRotateSave exch def} if dupPoint neg exch neg exch 4 2 roll translate 1 -1 scale translate } bdef /PROTATE_END { PRotateSave restore } bdef /PSCALETEXT { AD_PointsToUCS mul div /Xscale exch def AD_PointsToUCS mul div /Yscale exch def currentfont [ Xscale 0 0 Yscale 0 0 ] makefont setfont /AD_fontscaleX AD_fontscaleX Xscale mul def /AD_fontscale AD_fontscale Yscale mul def } bdef /PSTBEG { userdict /md known not { userdict begin /md 0 def end } if PBLACK /PictPostScript true def } bdef /PSTEND { /PictPostScript false def } bdef /mayStroke{ currentlinewidth 0 gt isHairline or { gsave /s_matrix null def /stroke_xform false def DoingWedge {MiterJoin setlinejoin} if currentlinewidth 1 AD_DeviceScale div sub setlinewidth LineWidth LineHeight ne { /s_matrix matrix currentmatrix def 1 LineHeight LineWidth div scale /stroke_xform true def } if stroke stroke_xform {s_matrix setmatrix} if grestore } if /DoingWedge false assign } bdef /RESET_PAT_SEP { /AD_NonSepPat false def } bdef /PFRAME{mayStroke RESET_PAT_SEP}bdef /PPAINT { mayStroke gsave eofill grestore RESET_PAT_SEP }bdef /PERASE { mayStroke gsave eofill grestore RESET_PAT_SEP }bdef /PFILL { mayStroke gsave eofill grestore RESET_PAT_SEP }bdef /PTINT { 100 exch sub 100 div /AldusTint exch def } bdef /PRESETTINT { AldusTint 1 eq not {/AldusTint 1 def }if } bdef /PHORZSHADE { 0 eq {/widehorz}{/narrowhorz }ifelse findfont _OpaquePatternfill } bdef /PVERTSHADE { 0 eq {/widevert}{/narrowvert }ifelse findfont _OpaquePatternfill } bdef /PHATCHSHADE { 0 eq {/widehatch}{/narrowhatch }ifelse findfont _OpaquePatternfill } bdef /PDIAGSHADE { 0 eq {/widediag}{/narrowdiag }ifelse findfont _OpaquePatternfill } bdef /_SetCoords { /y2 local /x2 local /y1 local /x1 local } bdef /_DefinePattern { 7 dict begin /FontDict 9 dict def FontDict begin /cache exch def /key exch def /proc exch cvx def /mtx exch matrix invertmatrix def /height exch def /width exch def /ctm matrix currentmatrix def /ptm matrix identmatrix def /str (12345678901234567890123456789012) def end /FontBBox [ 0 0 FontDict /width get FontDict /height get ] def /FontMatrix FontDict /mtx get def /Encoding StandardEncoding def /FontType 3 def /BuildChar { pop begin FontDict begin width 0 cache { 0 0 width height setcachedevice }{ setcharwidth } ifelse 0 0 moveto width 0 lineto width height lineto 0 height lineto closepath clip newpath gsave proc grestore end end } def FontDict /key get currentdict definefont end } bind def /_Patternpath { dup type /dicttype eq { begin FontDict /ctm get setmatrix }{ exch begin FontDict /ctm get setmatrix concat } ifelse currentdict setfont FontDict begin FontMatrix concat width 0 dtransform round width div exch round width div exch 0 height dtransform round height div exch round height div exch 0 0 transform round exch round exch ptm astore setmatrix pathbbox height div ceiling height mul 4 1 roll width div ceiling width mul 4 1 roll height div floor height mul 4 1 roll width div floor width mul 4 1 roll 2 index sub height div ceiling cvi exch 3 index sub width div ceiling cvi exch 4 2 roll moveto FontMatrix ptm invertmatrix pop { gsave ptm concat dup str length idiv { str show } repeat dup str length mod str exch 0 exch getinterval show grestore 0 height rmoveto } repeat pop end end } bind def /_Patternfill { gsave clip _Patternpath grestore newpath } bind def /_OpaquePatternfill { gsave 0 0 0 0 setcmykcolor fill grestore _Patternfill } bind def /_DefinePatterns { /AD_PatternLW .009375 AD_Resolution mul def /narrowdiagunit .046666 AD_Resolution mul def narrowdiagunit narrowdiagunit [1 0 0 1 0 0] { SquareCap setlinecap 0 narrowdiagunit 2 div moveto narrowdiagunit 2 div 0 lineto narrowdiagunit 2 div narrowdiagunit moveto narrowdiagunit narrowdiagunit 2 div lineto AD_PatternLW setlinewidth stroke } bind /narrowdiag true _DefinePattern pop /widediagunit .073333 AD_Resolution mul def widediagunit widediagunit [1 0 0 1 0 0] { SquareCap setlinecap 0 widediagunit 2 div moveto widediagunit 2 div 0 lineto widediagunit 2 div widediagunit moveto widediagunit widediagunit 2 div lineto AD_PatternLW setlinewidth stroke } bind /widediag true _DefinePattern pop /narrowhorzunit .053333 AD_Resolution mul def narrowhorzunit narrowhorzunit [1 0 0 1 0 0] { SquareCap setlinecap 0 narrowhorzunit 2 div moveto narrowhorzunit narrowhorzunit 2 div lineto AD_PatternLW setlinewidth stroke } bind /narrowhorz true _DefinePattern pop /widehorzunit .106666 AD_Resolution mul def widehorzunit widehorzunit [1 0 0 1 0 0] { SquareCap setlinecap 0 widehorzunit 2 div moveto widehorzunit widehorzunit 2 div lineto AD_PatternLW setlinewidth stroke } bind /widehorz true _DefinePattern pop /narrowvertunit .053333 AD_Resolution mul def narrowvertunit narrowvertunit [1 0 0 1 0 0] { SquareCap setlinecap narrowvertunit 2 div 0 moveto narrowvertunit 2 div narrowvertunit lineto AD_PatternLW setlinewidth stroke } bind /narrowvert true _DefinePattern pop /widevertunit .106666 AD_Resolution mul def widevertunit widevertunit [1 0 0 1 0 0] { SquareCap setlinecap widevertunit 2 div 0 moveto widevertunit 2 div widevertunit lineto AD_PatternLW setlinewidth stroke } bind /widevert true _DefinePattern pop /narrowhatchunit .053333 AD_Resolution mul def narrowhatchunit narrowhatchunit [1 0 0 1 0 0] { SquareCap setlinecap narrowhatchunit 2 div 0 moveto narrowhatchunit 2 div narrowhatchunit lineto 0 narrowhatchunit 2 div moveto narrowhatchunit narrowhatchunit 2 div lineto AD_PatternLW setlinewidth stroke } bind /narrowhatch true _DefinePattern pop /widehatchunit .106666 AD_Resolution mul def widehatchunit widehatchunit [1 0 0 1 0 0] { SquareCap setlinecap widehatchunit 2 div 0 moveto widehatchunit 2 div widehatchunit lineto 0 widehatchunit 2 div moveto widehatchunit widehatchunit 2 div lineto AD_PatternLW setlinewidth stroke } bind /widehatch true _DefinePattern pop } version (23.) anchorsearch {pop pop def}{pop bdef} ifelse systemdict /currentpacking known {AD_OldPacking setpacking} if /AldusDone AldusVersion def end %%EndProcSet %%EndProlog AldusDict2 begin %%BeginSetup letter mark { mark 1.0 1.0 .92 .76 .64 .54 .44 .36 .28 .2 .1 .0 counttomark dup 3 add -1 roll exch 2 sub mul dup floor cvi dup 3 1 roll sub exch dup 3 add index exch 2 add index dup 4 1 roll sub mul add counttomark 1 add 1 roll cleartomark } bind %%Feature: NormalizedTransfer settransfer erasepage cleartomark /#copies 1 def (Station PS; document: computer 5) statusdict /jobname 3 -1 roll put statusdict /waittimeout 300 put 13970 10795 false false false BEGJOB 1270 SETRES 45000 S_WORKING save /SUsv exch def %%EndSetup %%Page: 139 1 BEGPAGE AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse true S_LOADFONT %%IncludeFont: Palatino-Italic (Palatino-Italic) FTRECODE SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 80 100 mul 1000 div 2660 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2540 2134 0.0000 3.5513 (RECOMMENDATIONS) 15 0 1539 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 7991 2134 0.0000 -0.0787 (139) 3 0 264 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 5283 11853 0.0000 -0.0787 (139) 3 0 264 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse true S_LOADFONT %%IncludeFont: Palatino-Roman (Palatino-Roman) FTRECODE SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 180 100 mul 1000 div 6000 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 5318 2634 0.0000 0.0000 (5) 1 0 159 OUT 4034 3692 0.0000 7.9355 (Recommendations) 15 0 2728 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 6773 26.0318 4.4092 (This report emphasizes that the computing technology that un-) 61 8 5397 OUT 2540 6985 16.1434 4.4092 (derpins so much of modern society is in large measure the result of) 67 12 5715 OUT 2540 7197 40.8594 4.4092 (past advances in CS&E. Where CS&E goes in the future will do) 61 12 5715 OUT 2540 7408 0.0000 0.5802 (much to shape and influence future developments in computing practice) 69 9 5715 OUT 2540 7620 30.5018 4.4092 (and therefore to equip the nation to meet the social and economic) 65 11 5715 OUT 2540 7832 8.8258 4.4092 (challenges that dominate public concern and policy.) 51 6 4330 OUT 2857 8043 25.8252 4.4092 (Unfortunately, the resources available to support CS&E are not) 62 8 5397 OUT 2540 8255 5.1949 4.4092 (nearly as bountiful as the potential applications of computing to eco-) 70 10 5715 OUT 2540 8467 0.0000 1.4120 (nomic and social needs. Various constraints always force policy makers) 71 10 5715 OUT 2540 8678 3.2498 4.4092 (to make decisions about how to allocate resources, and thus the com-) 68 11 5715 OUT 2540 8890 15.9106 4.4092 (mittee believes it is important to articulate a set of overall priorities) 73 11 5715 OUT 2540 9102 16.3344 4.4092 (for the field that describe a philosophy within which its subsequent) 68 10 5715 OUT 2540 9313 8.6553 4.4092 (recommendations are framed.) 27 2 2476 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse true S_LOADFONT %%IncludeFont: Palatino-Bold (Palatino-Bold) FTRECODE SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4373 9842 8.6936 4.4092 (OVERALL PRIORITIES) 18 1 2048 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3924 10266 8.7542 4.4092 (Priority 1: Sustain the CS&E Core) 34 6 2946 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 10583 30.3118 4.4092 (The first priority is to sustain the core effort in CS&E, i.e., the) 67 12 5397 OUT 2540 10795 29.4751 4.4092 (effort that creates the theoretical and experimental science base on) 68 9 5715 OUT 2540 11007 27.7725 4.4092 (which computing applications build, bearing in mind that the core) 65 9 5715 OUT 2540 11218 24.5487 4.4092 (effort is highly dynamic as the result of rapid changes in the field.) 69 12 5715 OUT 2540 11430 39.9653 4.4092 (This core effort has been deep, rich, and intellectually productive) 67 9 5715 OUT ENDPAGE %%Page: 140 2 BEGPAGE AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2557 2134 0.0000 -0.0787 (140) 3 0 264 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 80 100 mul 1000 div 2660 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 6396 2134 6.9510 3.5273 (COMPUTING THE FUTURE) 20 2 1876 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2539 2540 8.6677 4.4092 (and has been indispensable for its impact on practice in the last cou-) 70 12 5715 OUT 2539 2752 16.1141 4.4092 (ple of decades. But this track record of success has a down side, in) 69 14 5715 OUT 2539 2963 19.9122 4.4092 (the sense that any field with a long history of successes risks being) 69 12 5715 OUT 2539 3175 33.0018 4.4092 (taken for granted. Only by continuing support for the core effort) 66 11 5715 OUT 2539 3387 5.8071 4.4092 ($support whose importance to the nation may well grow if industrial) 67 10 5715 OUT 2539 3598 22.4467 4.4092 (CS&E research is cut back substantially in the future$ will the field) 69 11 5715 OUT 2539 3810 0.0000 4.0443 (continue to make progress that is broadly applicable over many fields) 69 10 5715 OUT 2539 4022 2.0718 4.4092 (of inquiry and areas of human endeavor. While tantalizing successes) 68 10 5715 OUT 2539 4233 12.7839 4.4092 (have been achieved with promising technologies such as distributed) 66 8 5715 OUT 2539 4445 7.2411 4.4092 (and parallel computing, object-oriented programming, and graphical) 66 6 5715 OUT 2539 4657 6.0614 4.4092 (user interfaces, the full practical exploitation of these and other com-) 72 10 5715 OUT 2539 4868 16.6533 4.4092 (puting technologies will require considerable research in the future.) 69 8 5715 OUT 2539 5080 4.3231 4.4092 (The committee notes with approval that federal funding agencies ap-) 67 9 5715 OUT 2539 5292 1.8797 4.4092 (pear to recognize the importance of continued support for core CS&E) 67 10 5715 OUT 2539 5503 8.8083 1.0584 (activities, and it wishes to encourage this trend in every way possible.) 72 11 5612 OUT 2857 5715 32.5999 4.4092 (The committee calls attention to its use of the word �sustain.�) 63 10 5397 OUT 2539 5927 32.1160 4.4092 (Many in the CS&E community $and some on the committee itself$) 61 10 5715 OUT 2539 6138 11.0516 4.4092 (have been concerned about the increasing tightness in the availabili-) 69 9 5715 OUT 2539 6350 7.0570 4.4092 (ty of research funding for core topics in CS&E and have argued with) 67 12 5715 OUT 2539 6562 36.2785 4.4092 (some cogency that the first priority should be to ) 50 9 4328 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 6867 6562 0.0000 4.4094 (strengthen) 10 0 808 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 7675 6562 36.2810 4.4094 ( rather) 7 1 579 OUT 2539 6773 18.2452 4.4092 (than merely sustain the core. Advocates of this position would say) 67 11 5715 OUT 2539 6985 12.1959 4.4092 (that the track record of CS&E in research and education has been so) 67 12 5715 OUT 2539 7197 0.0000 2.8848 (positive and successful that it speaks for itself, that there is not enough) 75 12 5715 OUT 2539 7408 14.4478 4.4092 (support for computer scientists and engineers to perform the �core�) 67 9 5715 OUT 2539 7620 3.1190 4.4092 (research in CS&E that will be necessary in the future, that computing) 69 11 5715 OUT 2539 7832 10.3842 4.4092 (technology will improve as the result of advances in CS&E, and that) 67 11 5715 OUT 2539 8043 12.4834 4.4092 (the information revolution promises to develop as it has in the past.) 69 11 5715 OUT 2539 8255 0.0000 1.4540 (Why, these individuals would argue, should a winning research agenda) 68 9 5715 OUT 2539 8467 9.0758 4.4092 (be changed?) 11 1 1020 OUT 2857 8678 1.3312 4.4092 (The committee is sympathetic to this perspective and would have) 63 9 5397 OUT 2539 8890 1.0657 4.4092 (liked to recommend a substantial increase in such funding, especially) 69 9 5715 OUT 2539 9102 13.6291 4.4092 (in light of the growing numbers of academic CS&E researchers rela-) 66 10 5715 OUT 2539 9313 0.4828 4.4092 (tive to available research funding. However, it concluded that such a) 70 11 5715 OUT 2539 9525 27.5166 4.4092 (recommendation�amounting in essence to �we should continue to) 61 7 5715 OUT 2539 9737 0.0000 3.2312 (be supported in the style to which we have been accustomed��would) 65 10 5715 OUT 2539 9948 2.4697 4.4092 (have been seen unfavorably by policy makers as an entitlement argu-) 67 10 5715 OUT 2539 10160 40.7595 4.4092 (ment, particularly in view of the substantial increases in research) 67 9 5715 OUT 2539 10372 17.9092 4.4092 (funding that will be made available to the CS&E community by the) 64 11 5715 OUT 2539 10583 19.5780 4.4092 (HPCC Program. In the committee�s overall judgment, more benefit) 64 9 5715 OUT 2539 10795 4.0862 4.4092 (is likely to accrue to the field and the nation if the broadening course) 72 13 5715 OUT 2539 11007 12.5213 4.4092 (is taken rather than if efforts at the core are redoubled. The reason-) 71 13 5715 OUT 2539 11218 8.2586 4.4092 (ing is clear: relatively few CS&E researchers are devoted to the pur-) 70 12 5715 OUT 2539 11430 22.6681 4.4092 (suit of interdisciplinary and applications-oriented work, while rela-) 69 7 5715 OUT ENDPAGE %%Page: 141 3 BEGPAGE AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 80 100 mul 1000 div 2660 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2540 2134 0.0000 3.5513 (RECOMMENDATIONS) 15 0 1539 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 7991 2134 0.0000 -0.0787 (141) 3 0 264 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2540 2540 25.2304 4.4092 (tively many are devoted to investigating problems at the core, and) 66 10 5715 OUT 2540 2752 2.2275 4.4092 (human and fiscal resources devoted to the former are likely to have a) 69 12 5715 OUT 2540 2963 8.8631 4.4092 (more significant impact.) 24 2 2009 OUT 2857 3175 8.8400 4.4092 (Accordingly, the committee was led to its second priority.) 58 8 4832 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4155 3704 8.8870 4.4092 (Priority 2: Broaden the Field) 30 5 2484 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 4022 43.9262 4.4092 (The second priority is to broaden the field. Given the many) 60 11 5397 OUT 2540 4233 28.1695 4.4092 (intellectual opportunities available at the intersection of CS&E and) 68 8 5715 OUT 2540 4445 1.5875 4.4092 (other problem domains and a solid and vigorous core effort in CS&E,) 67 11 5715 OUT 2540 4657 0.0000 -0.1246 (the committee believes that academic CS&E is well positioned to broaden) 71 10 5715 OUT 2540 4868 4.7852 4.4092 (its self-concept. Given the pressing economic and social needs of the) 70 11 5715 OUT 2540 5080 4.3920 4.4092 (nation and the changing environment for industry and academia, the) 66 9 5715 OUT 2540 5292 31.1546 4.4093 (committee believes that academic CS&E ) 38 5 3493 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse true S_LOADFONT %%IncludeFont: Palatino-BoldItalic (Palatino-BoldItalic) FTRECODE SUSAVE /|______Palatino-BoldItalic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 6033 5292 0.0000 4.4092 (must) 4 0 409 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 6443 5292 31.1546 4.4082 ( ) 1 1 80 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 6523 5292 31.1546 4.4092 (broaden its self-con-) 21 2 1732 OUT 2540 5503 8.8388 4.4092 (cept or risk becoming increasingly irrelevant to computing practice.) 68 8 5642 OUT 2857 5715 8.7447 4.4092 (More specifically, academic CS&E must:) 38 4 3341 OUT 2857 6032 0.0000 0.0000 (�) 1 0 107 OUT 3069 6032 2.8317 4.4092 (Increase its contact and intellectual interchange with other dis-) 65 8 5186 OUT 2540 6244 8.8144 4.4092 (ciplines $e.g., other science and engineering fields$.) 54 6 4248 OUT 2857 6456 0.0000 0.0000 (�) 1 0 107 OUT 3069 6456 0.0000 1.2399 (Increase the number of applications of computing and the quality) 64 9 5186 OUT 2540 6667 11.9272 4.4092 (of existing applications in areas of economic, commercial, and social) 69 9 5715 OUT 2540 6879 7.4999 4.4092 (significance, and understand that from such applications substantive) 68 7 5715 OUT 2540 7091 8.9361 4.4092 (CS&E problems often emerge.) 27 3 2492 OUT 2857 7302 0.0000 0.0000 (�) 1 0 107 OUT 3069 7302 38.5643 4.4092 (Embrace the creation of significant new knowledge and de-) 57 8 5186 OUT 2540 7514 0.0000 2.4566 (monstrable intellectual achievement as the relevant standards of mean-) 70 8 5715 OUT 2540 7726 7.6554 4.4092 (ingful scholarship in CS&E, rather than focusing on artificial distinc-) 71 9 5715 OUT 2540 7937 28.6441 4.4092 (tions among basic research, applied research, and development $as) 65 8 5715 OUT 2540 8149 8.7839 4.4092 (discussed in Chapter 2$.) 24 3 1998 OUT 2857 8361 0.0000 0.0000 (�) 1 0 107 OUT 3069 8361 0.0000 1.8244 (Increase traffic in CS&E-related knowledge and problems among) 61 7 5186 OUT 2540 8572 2.2677 4.4092 (academia, industry, and society at large, and enhance the cross-fertil-) 71 9 5715 OUT 2540 8784 16.2201 4.4092 (ization of ideas in CS&E between theoretical underpinnings and ex-) 66 9 5715 OUT 2540 8996 9.1700 4.4092 (perimental experience.) 22 1 1878 OUT 2857 9313 14.8820 4.4092 (Such broadening would serve the interests of society at large by) 64 10 5397 OUT 2540 9525 0.0000 3.1020 (coupling the formidable intellectual resources of academic CS&E more) 68 8 5715 OUT 2540 9737 30.0713 4.4092 (directly to the practice of computing, thereby increasing the likeli-) 69 9 5715 OUT 2540 9948 18.4423 4.4092 (hood that the full potential of computing can be realized. It would) 68 12 5715 OUT 2540 10160 28.8224 4.4092 (also serve the field by increasing intellectual opportunities and di-) 69 9 5715 OUT 2540 10372 8.7946 4.4092 (versifying the sources of funding.) 34 4 2801 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3438 10901 8.8436 4.4092 (Priority 3: Improve Undergraduate Education) 44 5 3918 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 11218 0.0000 2.6574 (The third priority is to improve undergraduate education in CS&E.) 65 9 5397 OUT 2540 11430 12.0161 4.4092 (As discussed in Chapter 4, undergraduate CS&E education is highly) 65 9 5715 OUT ENDPAGE %%Page: 142 4 BEGPAGE AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2557 2134 0.0000 -0.0787 (142) 3 0 264 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 80 100 mul 1000 div 2660 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 6396 2134 6.9510 3.5273 (COMPUTING THE FUTURE) 20 2 1876 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2539 2540 6.0588 4.4092 (variable in quality and outlook from institution to institution. Given) 71 10 5715 OUT 2539 2752 11.7011 4.4092 (the importance of CS&E to computing practice and the large flow of) 66 11 5715 OUT 2539 2963 30.8661 4.4092 (those with undergraduate CS&E degrees to business and industry,) 63 8 5715 OUT 2539 3175 18.6824 4.4092 (the quality of undergraduate CS&E education is inextricably tied to) 67 9 5715 OUT 2539 3387 24.6508 4.4092 (the state of computing practice in all sectors of society. Moreover,) 69 11 5715 OUT 2539 3598 2.3703 4.4092 (better undergraduate education is necessary for better research, since) 70 8 5715 OUT 2539 3810 4.0227 4.4092 (it is necessary for transmitting recently developed core knowledge to) 69 9 5715 OUT 2539 4022 14.5645 4.4092 (the next generation and for providing the intellectual basis in CS&E) 68 10 5715 OUT 2539 4233 17.7273 4.4092 (for individuals pursuing a broader research agenda. Thus, improv-) 66 9 5715 OUT 2539 4445 2.4427 4.4092 (ing undergraduate education is a necessary component of both prior-) 67 9 5715 OUT 2539 4657 0.0000 4.4067 (ities.) 6 0 385 OUT 2857 4868 11.5981 4.4092 (The natural evolution of undergraduate CS&E education will ul-) 62 8 5397 OUT 2539 5080 0.0000 0.6867 (timately result in the synthesis and dissemination of modern approaches) 71 9 5715 OUT 2539 5292 0.0000 3.4655 (to CS&E, enhancing the present skills and future adaptability of CS&E) 69 10 5715 OUT 2539 5503 11.1804 4.4092 (graduates as well as providing a good foundation on which to build) 66 11 5715 OUT 2539 5715 13.7063 4.4092 (knowledge in other fields. But natural evolution occurs on the time) 68 11 5715 OUT 2539 5927 8.9772 4.4092 (scale of several decades. A major program aimed at accelerating the) 68 11 5715 OUT 2539 6138 4.5063 4.4092 (process could reduce the time to a decade or less. More importantly,) 69 12 5715 OUT 2539 6350 34.0377 4.4092 (the nation is likely to reap considerable benefits from such a pro-) 67 11 5715 OUT 2539 6562 6.2016 4.4092 (gram, since undergraduate CS&E programs from non-Ph.D.-granting) 63 6 5715 OUT 2539 6773 0.5003 4.4092 (institutions supply a considerable fraction of the computer specialists) 71 8 5715 OUT 2539 6985 16.6304 4.4092 (responsible for implementing and maintaining the software systems) 65 7 5715 OUT 2539 7197 8.8490 4.4092 (in all areas of application that underlie the information age.) 62 9 4980 OUT 2857 7620 30.8809 4.4092 (To suggest more specifically how these priorities translate into) 64 8 5397 OUT 2539 7832 4.7221 4.4092 (an action plan, the committee grouped its recommendations into two) 66 9 5715 OUT 2539 8043 18.2280 4.4093 (categories: research) 21 2 1696 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 70 100 mul 1000 div 2340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4235 7984 0.0000 3.0874 (1) 1 0 65 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4331 8043 18.2273 4.4093 ( and education. Each category contains action) 46 7 3923 OUT 2539 8255 12.1617 4.4092 (items for universities and federal funding agencies. Taken together,) 69 9 5715 OUT 2539 8467 28.8460 4.4092 (these action items constitute a coherent plan that will improve the) 67 10 5715 OUT 2539 8678 3.0328 4.4092 (state of the CS&E discipline on a much shorter time scale than would) 68 12 5715 OUT 2539 8890 14.5606 4.4092 (otherwise be possible, to the benefit of the discipline and the nation) 70 11 5715 OUT 2539 9102 8.8337 4.4092 (as a whole in a rapidly changing world.) 39 7 3323 OUT 2857 9313 2.1236 4.4092 (All of the action items described below will demand considerable) 64 9 5397 OUT 2539 9525 1.5386 4.4092 (leadership from the academic CS&E community. If the community is) 65 10 5715 OUT 2539 9737 25.1150 4.4092 (to adapt to changing circumstances in a proactive and constructive) 66 9 5715 OUT 2539 9948 31.2262 4.4092 (manner, senior researchers in the academic CS&E community�the) 61 7 5715 OUT 2539 10160 11.1365 4.4092 (ones whose words and actions shape the values of the community�) 63 10 5715 OUT 2539 10372 23.9256 4.4092 (must take the lead in promoting the cultural changes necessary for) 66 10 5715 OUT 2539 10583 0.0000 0.8633 (success in the new environment. Moreover, senior academic researchers) 70 9 5715 OUT 2539 10795 29.3188 4.4092 (in the CS&E community are widely regarded as spokespersons for) 62 9 5715 OUT 2539 11007 0.0000 1.9063 (the discipline, and their continuing presence and participation in policy) 73 9 5715 OUT 2539 11218 15.6954 4.4092 (debates in both the executive and legislative branches of the federal) 69 10 5715 OUT ENDPAGE %%Page: 143 5 BEGPAGE AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 80 100 mul 1000 div 2660 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2540 2134 0.0000 3.5513 (RECOMMENDATIONS) 15 0 1539 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 7991 2134 0.0000 -0.0787 (143) 3 0 264 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2540 2540 9.3609 4.4092 (government will be necessary for years to come if federal policy and) 68 11 5715 OUT 2540 2752 8.8235 4.4092 (funding are to evolve in the best interests of the field.) 57 10 4482 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3204 3281 8.8117 4.4092 (RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING RESEARCH) 34 2 4385 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4307 3704 8.7089 4.4092 (To Federal Policy Makers) 24 3 2180 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 4022 0.0000 2.7591 (As noted in Chapter 1, federal policy toward computing and CS&E) 63 10 5397 OUT 2540 4233 16.8795 4.4092 (has had an enormous impact on the field�s shape and development.) 64 10 5715 OUT 2540 4445 31.8088 4.4092 (As the scale of computing activities increases, the importance of a) 67 10 5715 OUT 2540 4657 8.8034 4.4092 (strong federal role can only grow.) 34 5 2828 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 4974 2.9723 4.4093 (Recommendation 1.) 17 1 1482 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4339 4974 2.9723 4.4102 ( ) 2 2 103 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4442 4974 2.9723 4.4093 (The High Performance Computing and Com-) 39 5 3812 OUT 2540 5186 22.2752 4.4092 (munications $HPCC$ Program should be fully supported through-) 61 7 5715 OUT 2540 5397 7.7901 4.4092 (out the planned five-year program.) 34 4 2988 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 5528 5397 7.7902 4.4093 ( Full support for the HPCC Pro-) 32 7 2727 OUT 2540 5609 3.6157 4.4092 (gram will entail about $3.7 billion dollars over the next four years, or) 72 12 5715 OUT 2540 5821 9.2977 4.4092 (about 1.2 percent of the entire federal research budget.) 56 8 4565 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 70 100 mul 1000 div 2340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 7105 5762 0.0000 0.0000 (2) 1 0 62 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 6138 31.6984 4.4092 (The HPCC Program is of utmost importance for three reasons.) 59 9 5397 OUT 2540 6350 34.4389 4.4092 (The first is that high-performance computing and communications) 63 7 5715 OUT 2540 6562 26.1036 4.4092 (are essential to the nation�s future economic strength and competi-) 67 9 5715 OUT 2540 6773 2.1991 4.4092 (tiveness, especially in light of the growing need and demand for ever) 69 11 5715 OUT 2540 6985 7.6383 4.4092 (more advanced computing tools in all sectors of society. The second) 68 11 5715 OUT 2540 7197 17.6335 4.4092 (reason is that the program is framed in the context of scientific and) 69 12 5715 OUT 2540 7408 6.4093 4.4092 (engineering grand challenges. Thus, although the program will sup-) 67 9 5715 OUT 2540 7620 0.9199 4.4092 (port research and development in a variety of fields, the program is a) 70 12 5715 OUT 2540 7832 18.5003 4.4092 (strong signal to the CS&E community that good CS&E research can) 63 10 5715 OUT 2540 8043 12.1341 4.4092 (flourish in an applications context and that the demand for interdis-) 69 10 5715 OUT 2540 8255 0.0000 3.7479 (ciplinary and applications-oriented CS&E research is on the rise. And) 70 10 5715 OUT 2540 8467 22.4387 4.4092 (finally, a fully funded HPCC Program will have a major impact on) 64 11 5715 OUT 2540 8678 0.9716 4.4092 (relieving the funding stress affecting the academic CS&E community.) 67 8 5715 OUT 2540 8890 20.9621 4.4092 (Consistent with Priority 1, the committee believes that the basic re-) 69 10 5715 OUT 2540 9102 42.1286 4.4092 (search and human resources component of the HPCC Program is) 59 9 5715 OUT 2540 9313 31.3898 4.4092 (critical, because it is the component most likely to support the re-) 68 11 5715 OUT 2540 9525 21.4702 4.4092 (search that will allow us to exploit anticipated technologies as well) 69 10 5715 OUT 2540 9737 8.8215 4.4092 (as those yet to be discovered through such research.) 52 8 4348 OUT 2857 9948 24.2335 4.4092 (The committee is concerned about the future of the HPCC Pro-) 60 10 5397 OUT 2540 10160 11.0413 4.4092 (gram after FY 1996 $the outer limit on current plans$. If the effort is) 72 14 5715 OUT 2540 10372 16.6758 4.4092 (not sustained after FY 1996 at a level much closer to its planned FY) 68 13 5715 OUT 2540 10583 13.3647 4.4092 (1996 level than to its FY 1991 level of $489 million, efforts to exploit) 72 13 5715 OUT 2540 10795 14.3993 4.4092 (fully the advances made in the preceding five years will almost cer-) 68 11 5715 OUT 2540 11007 33.6255 4.4092 (tainly be crippled. In view of the long lead times needed for the) 66 13 5715 OUT 2540 11218 9.1731 4.4092 (administration�s planning of major initiatives, ) 48 5 3879 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 6419 11218 9.1734 4.4093 (the committee recom) 19 2 1777 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 8196 11218 0.0000 0.0000 (-) 1 0 59 OUT ENDPAGE %%Page: 144 6 BEGPAGE AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2557 2134 0.0000 -0.0787 (144) 3 0 264 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 80 100 mul 1000 div 2660 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 6396 2134 6.9510 3.5273 (COMPUTING THE FUTURE) 20 2 1876 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2539 2540 0.0000 3.1725 (mends that funding necessary for exploitation of recently performed) 67 8 5715 OUT 2539 2752 23.6930 4.4092 (research and the investigation of new research topics be fully as-) 66 10 5715 OUT 2539 2963 29.7432 4.4092 (sessed sometime during FY 1994 with an eye toward a follow-on) 61 10 5715 OUT 2539 3175 8.4973 4.4092 (HPCC Program.) 13 1 1345 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 3492 30.0765 4.4092 (Recommendation 2.) 17 1 1509 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4366 3492 30.0765 4.4101 ( ) 2 2 157 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4523 3492 30.0765 4.4092 (The federal government should initiate an) 41 5 3731 OUT 2539 3704 10.1694 4.4092 (effort to support interdisciplinary and applications-oriented CS&E) 66 6 5715 OUT 2539 3916 8.7501 4.4092 (research in academia that is related to the missions of the mission-) 68 11 5715 OUT 2539 4127 16.9032 4.4092 (oriented federal agencies and departments that are now not major) 64 9 5715 OUT 2539 4339 13.8180 4.4092 (participants in the HPCC Program. Collectively, this effort would) 66 9 5715 OUT 2539 4551 5.6324 4.4092 (cost an additional $100 million per fiscal year in steady state above) 69 11 5715 OUT 2539 4762 10.6729 4.4092 (amounts currently planned.) 26 2 2364 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 70 100 mul 1000 div 2340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4903 4703 0.0000 0.0000 (3) 1 0 62 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 5080 0.0000 4.4038 (For the participating agencies, the HPCC Program is a good mod-) 63 10 5397 OUT 2539 5292 26.8685 4.4092 (el for how to encourage interdisciplinary and applications-oriented) 67 7 5715 OUT 2539 5503 14.9685 4.4092 (research in CS&E. But many federal agencies are not currently par-) 67 11 5715 OUT 2539 5715 16.6376 4.4092 (ticipating in the HPCC Program, despite the utility of computing to) 67 10 5715 OUT 2539 5927 40.7282 4.4092 (their missions, and they should be brought into it. $As noted in) 65 12 5715 OUT 2539 6138 7.5726 4.4092 (Chapter 2, 12 federal agencies controlling over $10 billion in FY 1991) 70 11 5715 OUT 2539 6350 0.8534 4.4092 (obligations for scientific research each allocated less than 1 percent to) 73 10 5715 OUT 2539 6562 8.6945 4.4092 (computer science research.$) 27 2 2283 OUT 2857 6773 24.5172 4.4092 (Such agencies can be divided into two groups: those that sup-) 62 11 5397 OUT 2539 6985 9.8388 4.4092 (port substantial research efforts, though not in CS&E, and those that) 69 10 5715 OUT 2539 7197 4.9943 4.4092 (do not support substantial research efforts of any kind. The commit-) 69 11 5715 OUT 2539 7408 0.1422 4.4092 (tee believes that both groups would benefit from supporting interdis-) 69 9 5715 OUT 2539 7620 38.3849 4.4092 (ciplinary or applications-oriented CS&E research, but for different) 67 7 5715 OUT 2539 7832 0.0000 4.4361 (reasons.) 8 0 666 OUT 2857 8043 26.9898 4.4092 (Support of interdisciplinary CS&E research, i.e., CS&E research) 63 7 5397 OUT 2539 8255 18.0785 4.4092 (undertaken jointly with research in other fields, should be taken on) 68 10 5715 OUT 2539 8467 8.3885 4.4092 (by mission agencies with responsibilities for those other fields. That) 71 10 5715 OUT 2539 8678 28.5798 4.4092 (research will often involve an important computational component) 64 7 5715 OUT 2539 8890 38.6348 4.4092 (whose effectiveness could be enhanced substantially by the active) 65 8 5715 OUT 2539 9102 15.6186 4.4092 (involvement of researchers working at the cutting edge of CS&E re-) 66 10 5715 OUT 2539 9313 7.3504 4.4092 (search. Examples of interdisciplinary CS&E research were discussed) 67 8 5715 OUT 2539 9525 8.8366 4.4092 (in the Chapter 2 section �A Broader Research Agenda.�) 53 8 4618 OUT 2857 9737 0.0000 3.1082 (The case for support for applications-oriented CS&E research from) 65 8 5397 OUT 2539 9948 8.8306 4.4092 (agencies that do not now support research is less obvious, but to the) 69 12 5715 OUT 2539 10160 27.5439 4.4092 (committee nevertheless cogent. While these agencies are generally) 66 8 5715 OUT 2539 10372 11.3167 4.4092 (focused on operational matters $e.g., processing tax forms or income) 68 9 5715 OUT 2539 10583 34.4353 4.4092 (support payments$ and thus are expected to make the best use of) 63 11 5715 OUT 2539 10795 21.9784 4.4092 (available technology, it may be that in many cases the efficiency of) 68 11 5715 OUT 2539 11007 20.9950 4.4092 (their operations would be substantially improved by some research) 65 8 5715 OUT 2539 11218 8.4080 4.4092 (advance that could deliver a better technology for their purposes. A) 69 11 5715 OUT ENDPAGE %%Page: 145 7 BEGPAGE AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 80 100 mul 1000 div 2660 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2540 2134 0.0000 3.5513 (RECOMMENDATIONS) 15 0 1539 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 7991 2134 0.0000 -0.0787 (145) 3 0 264 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2540 2540 20.3247 4.4092 (case in point is the research in the application of image-recognition) 69 10 5715 OUT 2540 2752 13.7523 4.4092 (technology to the processing of government forms that is being per-) 67 10 5715 OUT 2540 2963 42.9298 4.4092 (formed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology in) 63 9 5715 OUT 2540 3175 23.4198 4.4092 (support of the Bureau of the Census and the Internal Revenue Ser-) 65 11 5715 OUT 2540 3387 0.0000 5.1751 (vice.) 5 0 384 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 70 100 mul 1000 div 2340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2924 3328 0.0000 0.0000 (4) 1 0 62 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 3598 15.3836 4.4092 (Moreover, the federal government�s computer operations are of-) 62 7 5397 OUT 2540 3810 24.3638 4.4092 (ten conducted at scales of size and complexity whose ramifications) 66 9 5715 OUT 2540 4022 6.4112 4.4092 (are poorly understood. Without an adequate understanding of these) 66 9 5715 OUT 2540 4233 5.7519 4.4092 (ramifications, it will be difficult to prevent computer-related disaster) 72 8 5715 OUT 2540 4445 35.9391 4.4092 (or reduce the likelihood of computer-related inefficiency or fraud.) 67 8 5715 OUT 2540 4657 29.9937 4.4092 (Given its operational responsibilities, the federal government must) 67 7 5715 OUT 2540 4868 7.8412 4.4092 (do the best it can with what it has, but CS&E research undertaken to) 68 13 5715 OUT 2540 5080 6.6270 4.4092 (better understand these problems could have substantial payoff later) 68 8 5715 OUT 2540 5292 0.0000 3.9649 (with respect to reliability, security, efficiency of operation, lower cost,) 75 9 5715 OUT 2540 5503 24.9944 4.4092 (and so on. An additional benefit is that applications explored and) 67 11 5715 OUT 2540 5715 0.6226 4.4092 (developed in such a context may have considerable �spin-off� benefit) 68 9 5715 OUT 2540 5927 7.2481 4.4092 (to the private sector, since many government information processing) 67 8 5715 OUT 2540 6138 38.4326 4.4092 (needs $e.g., for security$ are similar to those found in the private) 68 11 5715 OUT 2540 6350 0.0000 4.9624 (sector.) 7 0 540 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 70 100 mul 1000 div 2340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3080 6291 0.0000 0.0000 (5) 1 0 62 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 6562 19.6359 4.4092 (How can the talents of the academic CS&E research community) 59 9 5397 OUT 2540 6773 20.3216 4.4092 (be tapped to provide maximum benefit to the nation in these inter-) 66 11 5715 OUT 2540 6985 20.3791 4.4092 (disciplinary and applications-oriented areas? A first step would be) 68 9 5715 OUT 2540 7197 19.5407 4.4092 (to establish a research program within mission agencies that would) 66 9 5715 OUT 2540 7408 27.7309 4.4092 (tap the talents of CS&E researchers in the service of each agency�s) 67 11 5715 OUT 2540 7620 5.3668 4.4092 (own needs. This may be easier said than done, since CS&E research-) 67 12 5715 OUT 2540 7832 28.8745 4.4092 (ers interact primarily with only the four federal agencies that con-) 68 10 5715 OUT 2540 8043 18.1317 4.4092 (tribute the bulk of CS&E research support, a group of agencies that) 67 11 5715 OUT 2540 8255 5.9019 4.4092 (places a high value on research and provides many opportunities for) 67 10 5715 OUT 2540 8467 5.9797 4.4092 (interaction between agency staff and researchers. The very existence) 69 9 5715 OUT 2540 8678 16.3816 4.4092 (of such a program would prompt strong interest on the part of aca-) 66 12 5715 OUT 2540 8890 37.8583 4.4092 (demic computer scientists and engineers in pursuing interdiscipli-) 66 7 5715 OUT 2540 9102 0.5556 4.4092 (nary and applications-oriented research, but some care must be taken) 68 9 5715 OUT 2540 9313 3.7704 4.4092 (to ensure that the �bridging of cultures� between CS&E and others is) 68 11 5715 OUT 2540 9525 0.0000 4.3732 (successful.) 11 0 876 OUT 2857 9737 30.0885 4.4092 (Agencies might jointly sponsor research on problems of collec-) 62 8 5397 OUT 2540 9948 2.9432 4.4092 (tive importance. For example, several agencies process vast amounts) 68 9 5715 OUT 2540 10160 41.8378 4.4092 (of paper and might benefit from advanced imaging and database) 61 9 5715 OUT 2540 10372 6.3290 4.4092 (technologies; another group of agencies might have a special interest) 69 9 5715 OUT 2540 10583 20.5963 4.4092 (in using computers and communications to facilitate service for the) 67 9 5715 OUT 2540 10795 11.8139 4.4092 (disabled. When the work is specified and undertaken, it is essential) 69 11 5715 OUT 2540 11007 10.5266 4.4092 (that such work be done by investigators from CS&E and other disci-) 66 11 5715 OUT 2540 11218 4.2137 4.4092 (plines and areas who regard each other as intellectual equals; only in) 70 11 5715 OUT ENDPAGE %%Page: 146 8 BEGPAGE AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2557 2134 0.0000 -0.0787 (146) 3 0 264 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 80 100 mul 1000 div 2660 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 6396 2134 6.9510 3.5273 (COMPUTING THE FUTURE) 20 2 1876 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2539 2540 7.4490 4.4092 (this way will it be possible to maintain both an understanding of the) 69 12 5715 OUT 2539 2752 21.8443 4.4092 (future state of the art in computing and an appreciation of the real) 68 12 5715 OUT 2539 2963 16.3754 4.4092 (problems in the application domain. One way of ensuring true col-) 66 11 5715 OUT 2539 3175 10.0056 4.4092 (laborative work is to consider only proposals whose principal inves-) 68 9 5715 OUT 2539 3387 21.5432 4.4092 (tigators are drawn both from both CS&E and some other discipline) 64 10 5715 OUT 2539 3598 8.9491 4.4092 (or area.) 8 1 624 OUT 2857 3810 9.9141 4.4092 (The location of such a program within the federal government is) 63 10 5397 OUT 2539 4022 16.6864 4.4092 (a sensitive issue. On balance, the committee believes that the exist-) 70 11 5715 OUT 2539 4233 12.0477 4.4092 (ing HPCC Program provides the most reasonable home for this pro-) 64 10 5715 OUT 2539 4445 8.9013 4.4092 (gram, subject to one crucial provision to be discussed below. $Other) 69 11 5715 OUT 2539 4657 18.5092 4.4092 (organizations have developed similar positions; for an example, see) 67 8 5715 OUT 2539 4868 6.5428 4.4092 (Box 5.1.$ The HPCC program has strong support from Congress, the) 65 11 5715 OUT 2539 5080 15.7340 4.4092 (White House, and the Office of Management and Budget; thus indi-) 64 10 5715 OUT 2539 5292 25.6395 4.4092 (vidual agencies have strong incentives to participate. Most impor-) 67 9 5715 OUT 2539 5503 42.3984 4.4092 (tantly, the Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering,) 66 7 5715 OUT 2539 5715 5.1406 4.4092 (and Technology $FCCSET$ is already in place and can facilitate inter-) 69 10 5715 OUT 2539 5927 8.9393 4.4092 (agency collaborations.) 22 1 1839 OUT 2857 6138 0.0000 2.7153 (In performing the coordinating role for this new program, FCCSET) 64 9 5397 OUT 2539 6350 4.7604 4.4092 (would approach agencies not already participating in the HPCC Pro-) 66 9 5715 OUT 2539 6562 3.2998 4.4092 (gram, such as the Department of the Treasury and the Department of) 66 11 5715 OUT 2539 6773 0.0000 4.2406 (Transportation. It would also be appropriate for FCCSET to ask large) 69 11 5715 OUT 2539 6985 0.0000 4.0739 (commercial users of computers to indicate what CS&E research might) 66 9 5715 OUT 2539 7197 20.8603 4.4092 (be relevant to their needs. Such users $and the computer industry$) 67 11 5715 OUT 2539 7408 22.5562 4.4092 (might be willing to support applications-oriented research to a cer-) 68 9 5715 OUT 2539 7620 0.0000 3.5535 (tain extent, especially if such support could be leveraged $or matched$) 71 10 5715 OUT 2539 7832 8.6128 4.4092 (by federal dollars.) 19 2 1508 OUT 2857 8043 1.7474 4.4092 (The committee recognizes a certain danger in recommending that) 62 8 5397 OUT 2539 8255 16.4780 4.4092 (the HPCC Program be augmented to provide for this new program.) 62 10 5715 OUT 2539 8467 4.3774 4.4092 (In particular, it is concerned that planned HPCC budgets would sim-) 67 10 5715 OUT 2539 8678 43.2778 4.4092 (ply be reprogrammed to accommodate this program. ) 50 8 4796 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 7335 8678 43.2793 4.4094 (Such repro-) 11 1 919 OUT 2539 8890 19.3292 4.4092 (gramming would be inconsistent with the framework of priorities laid out) 72 10 5715 OUT 2539 9102 6.1718 4.4095 (above. ) 7 1 520 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3059 9102 6.1722 4.4092 ( It is the intent of this recommendation that agencies that have) 64 11 5195 OUT 2539 9313 0.0000 3.4330 (not traditionally supported CS&E should also participate in the HPCC) 68 9 5715 OUT 2539 9525 27.7828 4.4092 (Program; along with such participation should come additional re-) 65 8 5715 OUT 2539 9737 0.0000 3.9003 (sources from those agencies. These resources would support research) 68 9 5715 OUT 2539 9948 19.9466 4.4092 (that would contribute directly to the goals of those agencies by im-) 68 11 5715 OUT 2539 10160 0.0000 3.5079 (proving the efficiency of computing practice in support of those goals.) 71 10 5715 OUT 2857 10372 0.9497 4.4092 (Box 5.2 describes some additional implementation issues that this) 65 8 5397 OUT 2539 10583 8.9974 4.4092 (effort could entail.) 20 2 1535 OUT ENDPAGE %%Page: 147 9 BEGPAGE AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 80 100 mul 1000 div 2660 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2540 2134 0.0000 3.5513 (RECOMMENDATIONS) 15 0 1539 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 7991 2134 0.0000 -0.0787 (147) 3 0 264 OUT 0. 0. 10795. 13970. true PBEGIN 0. 0. LW 90. PTINT 2549. 2708. 8246. 10954. PRECT 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) PCOLOR PPAINT PRESETTINT 9. 9. LW 2540. 2699. 8255. 10963. PRECT 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) PCOLOR PFRAME PRESETTINT PEND AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse true S_LOADFONT %%IncludeFont: Optima (Optima) FTRECODE SUSAVE /|______Optima 90 100 mul 1000 div 2820 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3455 3093 8.8186 4.4101 (BOX 5.1 POSITION OF THE COMPUTER SYSTEMS) 42 8 3885 OUT 3724 3287 8.7863 4.4101 (POLICY PROJECT ON THE HPCC PROGRAM) 34 5 3347 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Optima 90 100 mul 1000 div 2820 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3016 3675 1.5704 4.4101 (To make the most of federal and private research investments in the) 67 11 4921 OUT 2857 3869 12.8136 4.4101 (HPCC [Program], . . . the software, hardware, and networking tech-) 67 11 5080 OUT 2857 4063 36.1212 4.4101 (nologies being developed must be based on the broadest possible) 63 9 5080 OUT 2857 4257 4.3083 4.4101 (vision of what high-performance computing and communications can) 64 7 5080 OUT 2857 4452 40.5024 4.4101 (make possible in the future. This requires expanding the current) 65 10 5080 OUT 2857 4646 12.1807 4.4101 (vision of the HPCC [Program] to include grand challenges motivated) 66 9 5080 OUT 2857 4840 12.7643 4.4101 (by social and economic needs in areas of interest to the government) 67 11 5080 OUT 2857 5034 21.5727 4.4101 (and general public, such as advances in the delivery of health care) 67 11 5080 OUT 2857 5228 18.5549 4.4101 (and services for senior citizens; improvements in education and op-) 67 9 5080 OUT 2857 5422 4.8388 4.4101 (portunities for lifelong learning; enhanced industrial design and intel-) 72 8 5080 OUT 2857 5616 31.8405 4.4101 (ligent manufacturing technologies; and broad access to public and) 65 8 5080 OUT 2857 5810 0.3552 4.4101 (private databases, electronic mail, and other unique resources. . . . By) 72 11 5080 OUT 2857 6004 26.4919 4.4101 (leveraging [its] investments [in computer research], the government) 67 7 5080 OUT 2857 6198 14.3653 4.4101 (can develop more broadly applicable generic, enabling technologies) 66 7 5080 OUT 2857 6392 10.5116 4.4101 (and stimulate the additional research by the private sector needed to) 69 10 5080 OUT 2857 6586 16.8488 4.4101 (solve the expanded grand challenges. . . . [Thus,] the CSPP recom-) 67 12 5080 OUT 2857 6780 18.6138 4.4102 (mends . . . [that] ) 19 5 1341 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse true S_LOADFONT %%IncludeFont: Optima-Oblique (Optima-Oblique) FTRECODE SUSAVE /|______Optima-Oblique 90 100 mul 1000 div 2820 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4198 6780 18.6140 4.4101 (the vision of the HPCC Program [be expanded to]) 47 8 3739 OUT 2857 6974 0.8835 4.4101 (include research on generic, enabling technologies to support a wider) 69 9 5080 OUT 2857 7168 14.0460 4.4101 (range of applications) 21 2 1550 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Optima 90 100 mul 1000 div 2820 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4407 7168 14.0463 4.4101 (. . . . Working together, the government, indus-) 48 8 3530 OUT 2857 7362 37.6533 4.4101 (try, and the broader science and technology community can con-) 62 9 5080 OUT 2857 7556 8.3412 4.4101 (struct an HPCC program that will contribute to our nation�s ability to) 70 11 5080 OUT 2857 7750 29.8305 4.4101 (meet many of the science, engineering, economic and social chal-) 64 9 5080 OUT 2857 7944 8.7967 4.4101 (lenges we face. [Emphasis added by committee.]) 47 7 3634 OUT 2857 8332 8.7476 4.4101 (NOTE: The Computer Systems Policy Project $CSPP$ is a coalition of) 67 11 5080 OUT 2857 8526 0.0000 -0.5249 (the 12 major U.S. computer system manufacturers $Apple, AT&T, Compaq,) 69 9 5080 OUT 2857 8720 7.7977 4.4101 (Cray Research, the Control Data Corporation, Data General, the Dig-) 67 9 5080 OUT 2857 8914 0.0000 4.1369 (ital Equipment Corporation, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Sun Microsystems,) 67 6 5080 OUT 2857 9108 31.6797 4.4101 (Tandem, and Unisys$ whose goal is to provide U.S. policy makers) 63 10 5080 OUT 2857 9302 10.0728 4.4101 (with data and the perspective necessary to the development of effec-) 68 10 5080 OUT 2857 9496 16.5353 4.4101 (tive, long-range policies both in the development of technology and) 67 9 5080 OUT 2857 9690 8.8489 4.4101 (in the improvement of the U.S. trade position globally.) 55 8 4031 OUT 2857 10078 20.2525 4.4101 (SOURCE: Adapted, with a few minor wording changes, from Com-) 61 10 5080 OUT 2857 10272 30.7925 4.4100 (puter Systems Policy Project, ) 30 4 2266 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Optima-Oblique 90 100 mul 1000 div 2820 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 5123 10272 30.7928 4.4101 (Expanding the Vision of High Perfor-) 36 5 2814 OUT 2857 10466 21.2213 4.4101 (mance Computing and Communications,) 35 3 3032 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Optima 90 100 mul 1000 div 2820 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 5889 10466 21.2213 4.4101 ( Executive Summary, CSPP,) 25 3 2048 OUT 2857 10660 8.9614 4.4101 (Washington, D.C., 1991.) 23 2 1826 OUT ENDPAGE %%Page: 148 10 BEGPAGE AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2557 2134 0.0000 -0.0787 (148) 3 0 264 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 80 100 mul 1000 div 2660 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 6396 2134 6.9510 3.5273 (COMPUTING THE FUTURE) 20 2 1876 OUT 0. 0. 10795. 13970. true PBEGIN 0. 0. LW 90. PTINT 2548. 2408. 8245. 6994. PRECT 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) PCOLOR PPAINT PRESETTINT 9. 9. LW 2539. 2399. 8254. 7003. PRECT 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) PCOLOR PFRAME PRESETTINT PEND AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Optima 90 100 mul 1000 div 2820 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3730 2838 8.8042 4.4101 (BOX 5.2 IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES FOR A) 37 7 3334 OUT 2906 3032 8.8451 4.4101 (GOVERNMENT-WIDE EFFORT TO PROMOTE INTERDISCIPLINARY) 51 4 4983 OUT 3532 3226 8.7415 4.4101 (AND APPLICATIONS-ORIENTED CS&E RESEARCH) 39 3 3731 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Optima 90 100 mul 1000 div 2820 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3016 3578 0.0000 0.0000 (�) 1 0 96 OUT 3174 3578 0.8033 4.4101 (Awards should be provided for a period of multiple years $subject) 65 10 4762 OUT 2857 3772 31.6387 4.4101 (to annual review$, long enough that some funding stability can be) 65 10 5080 OUT 2857 3966 12.0404 4.4101 (assured but not so long as to reduce accountability or to impede the) 68 12 5080 OUT 2857 4160 8.9314 4.4101 (pursuit of promising new developments.) 38 4 2942 OUT 3016 4355 0.0000 0.0000 (�) 1 0 96 OUT 3174 4355 4.7855 4.4101 (Individual awards should be substantial enough to provide a crit-) 65 9 4762 OUT 2857 4549 8.8072 4.4101 (ical mass of effort.) 20 3 1354 OUT 3016 4743 0.0000 0.0000 (�) 1 0 96 OUT 3174 4743 40.1361 4.4101 (Requests for proposals should be directed to universities with) 62 8 4762 OUT 2857 4937 42.0812 4.4101 (research strength in both CS&E and other problem domains $e.g.,) 63 9 5080 OUT 2857 5131 19.1642 4.4101 (biology, business, library science$ in order to draw on a talent pool) 69 11 5080 OUT 2857 5325 3.8943 4.4101 (that has previously gone $for the most part$ untapped for interdiscipli-) 72 10 5080 OUT 2857 5519 8.7479 4.4101 (nary and applications-oriented CS&E research.) 45 4 3404 OUT 3016 5713 0.0000 0.0000 (�) 1 0 96 OUT 3174 5713 10.3773 4.4101 (A phased implementation of this effort is in order. For example,) 65 11 4762 OUT 2857 5907 1.4839 4.4101 (amounts of $10 million, $20 million, and $30 million allocated to the) 69 11 5080 OUT 2857 6101 13.5635 4.4101 (effort in the first three years would enable the continuation of three-) 71 11 5080 OUT 2857 6295 31.2929 4.4101 (year awards made in the first year while still accommodating new) 64 10 5080 OUT 2857 6489 20.0096 4.4101 (proposals. After experience has been developed with this ramp-up,) 66 9 5080 OUT 2857 6683 8.8840 4.4101 (full funding could be implemented.) 34 4 2598 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4743 7726 8.8080 4.4092 (To Universities) 15 1 1310 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 8043 36.5608 4.4092 (University policy will play a key role in broadening academic) 61 9 5397 OUT 2539 8255 0.1694 4.4092 (CS&E. Any one of the recommendations below may suggest a specif-) 65 11 5715 OUT 2539 8467 10.1757 4.4092 (ic action that has been taken in the past, but their collective strength) 72 12 5715 OUT 2539 8678 24.7386 4.4092 (is that they are part of a coherent strategy to broaden the scope of) 68 13 5715 OUT 2539 8890 14.5836 4.4092 (academic CS&E. Their implementation will define a leadership role) 66 9 5715 OUT 2539 9102 23.4337 4.4092 (for many senior CS&E faculty, who together have $or should have$) 64 10 5715 OUT 2539 9313 17.0933 4.4092 (very influential roles in defining the tone and character of universi-) 70 10 5715 OUT 2539 9525 8.3270 4.4092 (ties and academic CS&E departments with respect to promotion pol-) 65 9 5715 OUT 2539 9737 8.8548 4.4092 (icies and the boundaries of �acceptable� research and education.) 64 8 5376 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 10054 6.8653 4.4092 (Recommendation 3.) 17 1 1486 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4343 10054 6.8653 4.4101 ( ) 2 2 111 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4454 10054 6.8653 4.4092 (Academic CS&E should broaden its research) 41 5 3801 OUT 2539 10266 24.6193 4.4092 (horizons, embracing as legitimate and cogent not just research in) 65 9 5715 OUT 2539 10477 17.2860 4.4092 (core areas $where it has been and continues to be strong$ but also) 66 12 5715 OUT 2539 10689 11.6006 4.4092 (research in problem domains that derive from nonroutine comput-) 63 8 5715 OUT 2539 10901 16.5531 4.4092 (er applications in other fields and areas or from technology-trans-) 67 9 5715 OUT 2539 11112 36.5644 4.4094 (fer activities.) 15 1 1141 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3680 11112 36.5631 4.4092 ( �Nonroutine� applications are those that pose sub-) 52 8 4574 OUT 2539 11324 0.0000 1.3498 (stantive and intellectually challenging problems and may be best solved) 71 9 5715 OUT ENDPAGE %%Page: 149 11 BEGPAGE AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 80 100 mul 1000 div 2660 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2540 2134 0.0000 3.5513 (RECOMMENDATIONS) 15 0 1539 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 7991 2134 0.0000 -0.0787 (149) 3 0 264 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2540 2540 9.3147 4.4092 (by research collaborations with experts in the application area; some) 69 9 5715 OUT 2540 2752 15.5635 4.4092 (examples are provided in the section �A Broader Research Agenda�) 64 9 5715 OUT 2540 2963 28.8747 4.4092 (in Chapter 2. Current and future CS&E faculty should be encour-) 64 11 5715 OUT 2540 3175 24.3189 4.4092 (aged to undertake collaborative research both with faculty in other) 67 9 5715 OUT 2540 3387 8.1988 4.4092 (disciplines and with appropriate parties in industry and commerce,) 66 8 5622 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 70 100 mul 1000 div 2340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 8162 3328 0.0000 0.0000 (6) 1 0 62 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2540 3598 38.9664 4.4092 (and in government laboratories. These collaborations will benefit) 66 8 5715 OUT 2540 3810 7.7012 4.4092 (both computer scientists and engineers $as a result of new intellectu-) 70 10 5715 OUT 2540 4022 36.4922 4.4092 (al challenges posed$ and those from other problem domains $as a) 63 10 5715 OUT 2540 4233 28.9181 4.4092 (result of the more effective use of their computational resources$.) 67 9 5622 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 70 100 mul 1000 div 2340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 8162 4174 0.0000 0.0000 (7) 1 0 62 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2540 4445 37.0998 4.4092 (As argued in Chapter 2, the central focus of scholarship in CS&E) 64 11 5715 OUT 2540 4657 12.9195 4.4092 (should be activity that results in significant new knowledge and de-) 68 10 5715 OUT 2540 4868 2.8675 4.4092 (monstrable intellectual achievement, without regard for whether that) 68 7 5715 OUT 2540 5080 20.5160 4.4092 (activity is related to a particular application or whether it falls into) 72 11 5715 OUT 2540 5292 23.9879 4.4092 (the traditional categories of basic research, applied research, or de-) 70 9 5715 OUT 2540 5503 0.0000 4.4005 (velopment.) 10 0 922 OUT 2857 5715 10.5144 4.4092 (To promote broadening, action should be taken to make the uni-) 62 10 5397 OUT 2540 5927 37.7312 4.4092 (versity environment more accommodating to interdisciplinary and) 63 6 5715 OUT 2540 6138 16.4239 4.4092 (applications-oriented research and to stimulate the interpersonal in-) 69 7 5715 OUT 2540 6350 19.9604 4.4092 (teractions needed for the successful conduct of such research. Uni-) 68 10 5715 OUT 2540 6562 8.8292 4.4092 (versity administrations and CS&E departments should:) 52 5 4587 OUT 2857 6879 0.0000 4.4018 (3a.) 3 0 229 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3175 6879 36.9060 4.4092 (Develop and promulgate explicit policies that assure and) 56 7 5080 OUT 3175 7091 37.0980 4.4092 (inform all faculty members that research in interdiscipli-) 58 7 5080 OUT 3175 7302 2.7372 4.4092 (nary or applications-oriented areas or work oriented toward) 59 7 5080 OUT 3175 7514 19.1452 4.4093 (technology transfer) 19 1 1666 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 70 100 mul 1000 div 2340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4841 7455 0.0000 3.0861 (8) 1 0 65 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4936 7514 19.1451 4.4092 ( will be competitive in the tenure and) 38 7 3319 OUT 3175 7726 16.6457 4.4093 (promotion evaluation process ) 29 3 2612 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 5787 7726 16.6457 4.4092 (with work that is more tradi-) 29 5 2468 OUT 3175 7937 2.0594 4.4092 (tionally oriented, assuming that necessary standards of quali-) 62 7 5080 OUT 3175 8149 2.8428 4.4092 (ty and achievement are met. Such policies will require mech-) 61 10 5080 OUT 3175 8361 24.0288 4.4092 (anisms by which interdisciplinary and applications-oriented) 59 5 5080 OUT 3175 8572 8.8309 4.4092 (work can be evaluated, possibly including:) 42 5 3563 OUT 3351 8784 20.7027 4.4092 ($i$) 3 0 182 OUT 3621 8784 20.7027 4.4092 (evaluation committees with members familiar with the) 52 6 4634 OUT 3175 8996 42.2288 4.4092 (intellectual requirements of the other $non-CS&E$ problem) 57 6 5080 OUT 3175 9207 0.1049 4.4092 (domains represented in the work being evaluated. Such com-) 59 9 5080 OUT 3175 9419 38.9069 4.4092 (mittees will have to address the very problematic issue of) 58 9 5080 OUT 3175 9631 41.7649 4.4092 (how to interpret the traditional criterion of �demonstrable) 59 7 5080 OUT 3175 9842 29.0904 4.4092 (intellectual achievement� in an interdisciplinary or applica-) 61 6 5080 OUT 3175 10054 8.5566 4.4092 (tions-oriented context.) 23 1 1856 OUT 3351 10266 15.0917 4.4092 ($ii$ ways to take into account the fact that meaningful evi-) 60 10 4904 OUT 3175 10477 14.5153 4.4092 (dence of intellectually substantive work in CS&E often takes) 60 8 5080 OUT 3175 10689 9.7062 4.4092 (the form of system demonstrations as well as the publication) 60 9 5080 OUT 3175 10901 1.8795 4.4092 (of journal articles, and thus that many CS&E experimentalists) 61 8 5080 OUT 3175 11112 4.6744 4.4092 (up for promotion or tenure may submit portfolios with fewer) 59 9 5080 OUT 3175 11324 9.6692 4.4092 (published papers than their peers.) 34 4 2856 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 70 100 mul 1000 div 2340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 6031 11265 0.0000 0.0000 (9) 1 0 62 OUT ENDPAGE %%Page: 150 12 BEGPAGE AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2557 2134 0.0000 -0.0787 (150) 3 0 264 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 80 100 mul 1000 div 2660 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 6396 2134 6.9510 3.5273 (COMPUTING THE FUTURE) 20 2 1876 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 2540 0.0000 4.5838 (3b.) 3 0 239 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3174 2540 18.8910 4.4092 (Support CS&E faculty who wish to gain expertise in other) 56 9 5080 OUT 3174 2752 22.6617 4.4092 (fields so that they may more effectively pursue interdisci-) 59 8 5080 OUT 3174 2963 27.7682 4.4092 (plinary or applications-oriented research) 41 3 3541 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 6715 2963 27.7682 4.4093 (. Possible mecha-) 18 3 1539 OUT 3174 3175 8.8244 4.4092 (nisms for support could include:) 32 4 2715 OUT 3350 3387 0.0000 3.6562 ($i$) 3 0 180 OUT 3618 3387 0.0000 3.6562 (establishment of short-term academic appointments $one) 54 5 4636 OUT 3174 3598 31.5382 4.4092 (to three years$ that academic computer scientists and engi-) 59 8 5080 OUT 3174 3810 20.2663 4.4092 (neers could use to develop familiarity with and expertise in) 60 9 5080 OUT 3174 4022 30.1156 4.4092 (other areas. Such appointments would typically involve re-) 58 7 5080 OUT 3174 4233 0.0000 0.8304 (duced teaching responsibilities and could be held by new Ph.D.s) 63 9 5080 OUT 3174 4445 8.7252 4.4092 (and senior faculty alike.) 25 3 1998 OUT 3350 4657 6.0786 4.4092 ($ii$) 4 0 238 OUT 3676 4657 6.0786 4.4092 (sponsorship of seminar series that describe challenging) 55 6 4578 OUT 3174 4868 8.7800 4.4092 (CS&E problems that arise in other disciplines.) 46 6 3830 OUT 2857 5186 0.0000 4.5094 (3c.) 3 0 220 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3174 5186 2.0198 4.4092 (Invite qualified individuals from industry and commerce to) 58 7 5080 OUT 3174 5397 0.0000 3.4470 (serve on university and academic departmental advisory and) 58 7 5080 OUT 3174 5609 23.4210 4.4092 (review committees for CS&E programs.) 36 4 3432 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 6606 5609 23.4212 4.4092 ( This is a common) 18 5 1648 OUT 3174 5821 37.2334 4.4092 (practice among some leading research universities, but the) 58 7 5080 OUT 3174 6032 8.7348 4.4092 (practice should be more widespread.) 35 4 3067 OUT 2857 6350 0.0000 4.3351 (3d.) 3 0 249 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3174 6350 21.1007 4.4092 (Eliminate or reduce practices that impede intellectual con-) 59 7 5080 OUT 3174 6562 30.4305 4.4092 (tacts with industry.) 20 2 1701 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4875 6562 30.4305 4.4093 ( In particular, universities should con-) 41 6 3379 OUT 3174 6773 14.2824 4.4092 (sider greater use of more open arrangements with respect to) 59 9 5080 OUT 3174 6985 3.7279 4.4092 (the protection of intellectual property, such as cross-licensing) 64 7 5080 OUT 3174 7197 9.0659 4.4092 (for university-developed technology, rather than insisting on) 61 6 5080 OUT 3174 7408 17.9561 4.4092 (exclusive rights for themselves. Such practices conflict with) 62 8 5080 OUT 3174 7620 42.8935 4.4092 (norms in the computer industry and set up roadblocks to) 55 9 5080 OUT 3174 7832 0.0000 4.4183 (collaboration.) 14 0 1126 OUT 2857 8149 0.0000 4.5116 (3e.) 3 0 226 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3174 8149 2.0075 4.4092 (Encourage CS&E research faculty to seek out nontraditional) 58 7 5080 OUT 3174 8361 31.4567 4.4092 (sources of funding to pursue interdisciplinary or applica-) 58 7 5080 OUT 3174 8572 40.8277 4.4092 (tions-oriented research) 23 1 1989 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 5163 8572 40.8262 4.4093 (. Nontraditional sources would in-) 35 5 3091 OUT 3174 8784 17.8781 4.4092 (clude the program described under Recommendation 2; fed-) 56 7 5080 OUT 3174 8996 0.0000 -2.2969 (eral agencies other than DARPA, NSF, NASA, and the Department) 61 9 5080 OUT 3174 9207 40.1282 4.4092 (of Energy; large commercial users of computers; and state) 57 8 5080 OUT 3174 9419 17.0719 4.4092 (governments. As noted in Chapter 2, federal agencies with-) 59 9 5080 OUT 3174 9631 7.8048 4.4092 (out a tradition of supporting CS&E research may still control) 61 9 5080 OUT 3174 9842 8.7233 4.4092 (substantial research budgets.) 29 2 2402 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 10160 5.6875 4.4092 (Recommendation 4.) 17 1 1485 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4342 10160 5.6875 4.4098 ( ) 2 2 108 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4450 10160 5.6873 4.4092 (Universities should support CS&E as a labo-) 43 6 3804 OUT 2539 10372 24.8019 4.4092 (ratory discipline $i.e., one with both theoretical and experimental) 67 8 5715 OUT 2539 10583 0.0000 4.4094 (components$.) 12 0 1135 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3674 10583 7.7925 4.4092 ( With respect to its need for equipment, many parts of) 55 11 4580 OUT 2539 10795 32.0903 4.4092 (CS&E are more like physics or engineering than like mathematics.) 64 9 5715 OUT 2539 11007 22.9717 4.4092 (CS&E departments need adequate research and teaching laboratory) 63 7 5715 OUT 2539 11218 16.2506 4.4092 (space; staff support $e.g., technicians, programmers, staff scientists$;) 72 7 5715 OUT 2539 11430 44.0969 4.4141 (funding for hardware and software acquisition, maintenance, and) 63 7 5715 OUT ENDPAGE %%Page: 151 13 BEGPAGE AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 80 100 mul 1000 div 2660 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2540 2134 0.0000 3.5513 (RECOMMENDATIONS) 15 0 1539 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 7991 2134 0.0000 -0.0787 (151) 3 0 264 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2540 2540 38.5520 4.4092 (upgrade $especially important on systems that retain their cutting) 66 8 5715 OUT 2540 2752 30.2316 4.4092 (edge for just a few years$; and network connections. New faculty) 65 11 5715 OUT 2540 2963 6.2612 4.4092 (should be capitalized at levels comparable to those in other scientific) 71 10 5715 OUT 2540 3175 8.6318 4.4092 (or engineering disciplines.) 27 2 2193 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3129 3704 8.9244 4.4092 (RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING EDUCATION) 35 2 4537 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4307 4127 8.7089 4.4092 (To Federal Policy Makers) 24 3 2180 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 4445 3.9205 4.4092 (The federal government has a history, dating to the days of Sput-) 65 11 5397 OUT 2540 4657 0.0000 3.5869 (nik, of taking strong and decisive action to improve science and math-) 70 11 5715 OUT 2540 4868 32.0878 4.4092 (ematics education in times of great national need. The committee) 65 10 5715 OUT 2540 5080 18.6322 4.4092 (believes that undergraduate CS&E education would benefit tremen-) 64 7 5715 OUT 2540 5292 26.6597 4.4092 (dously from such action today and that the benefits of such action) 66 11 5715 OUT 2540 5503 8.7620 4.4092 (will echo throughout all sectors of society.) 44 6 3529 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 5821 0.0000 3.7955 (Recommendation 5.) 17 1 1469 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4326 5821 0.0000 3.7960 ( ) 2 2 96 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4422 5821 0.0000 3.7955 (The basic research and human resources com-) 43 6 3833 OUT 2540 6032 17.8629 4.4092 (ponent of the High Performance Computing and Communications) 59 7 5715 OUT 2540 6244 19.5655 4.4092 (Program should be expanded to address educational needs of cer-) 63 9 5715 OUT 2540 6456 10.0887 4.4091 (tain faculty. ) 15 3 1144 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3684 6456 10.0885 4.4093 (In particular, college and university CS&E faculty who) 54 7 4571 OUT 2540 6667 16.2650 4.4092 (are not themselves involved in CS&E research and researchers from) 65 9 5715 OUT 2540 6879 7.6713 4.4092 (other scientific and engineering disciplines that depend on computa-) 68 8 5715 OUT 2540 7091 44.0561 4.4092 (tion need to become familiar with recent developments in CS&E.) 62 9 5715 OUT 2540 7302 11.5965 4.4092 (The program described below to address these needs is estimated to) 66 10 5715 OUT 2540 7514 8.8908 4.4092 (cost $40 million over a four-year period.) 41 6 3353 OUT 2857 7832 9.8937 4.4092 (As argued in Chapter 4, the lack of current knowledge about the) 63 11 5397 OUT 2540 8043 29.0921 4.4092 (approaches and intellectual themes of modern CS&E is an impedi-) 63 9 5715 OUT 2540 8255 1.1658 4.4092 (ment to the full exploitation of computing. This is true for those who) 71 13 5715 OUT 2540 8467 21.8239 4.4092 (teach undergraduate CS&E without the benefit of sustained contact) 65 8 5715 OUT 2540 8678 25.7455 4.4092 (with cutting-edge research as well as for many scientists and engi-) 67 10 5715 OUT 2540 8890 20.9626 4.4092 (neers whose education in computing was received many years ago.) 63 9 5715 OUT 2540 9102 0.0000 3.0602 (For these individuals, programs of continuing education to bring them) 69 9 5715 OUT 2540 9313 19.6829 4.4092 (up to date on recent developments in CS&E would have significant) 64 10 5715 OUT 2540 9525 15.8656 4.4092 (value. Such programs would enable them to develop their own ap-) 64 11 5715 OUT 2540 9737 11.2259 4.4092 (proaches to the subject material, informed on the one hand by expo-) 67 11 5715 OUT 2540 9948 10.3928 4.4092 (sure to the current state of the art and on the other by knowledge of) 69 14 5715 OUT 2540 10160 13.3540 4.4092 (local institutional needs, and they could have a major impact on the) 68 11 5715 OUT 2540 10372 36.2866 4.4092 (quality of undergraduate CS&E education in the United States, as) 64 9 5715 OUT 2540 10583 29.9022 4.4092 (well as on its ability to use computing in support of other science) 67 12 5715 OUT 2540 10795 8.4106 4.4092 (and engineering.) 16 1 1391 OUT 2857 11007 13.4513 4.4092 (As major players in pushing back the frontiers of CS&E through) 62 10 5397 OUT 2540 11218 9.9176 4.4092 (their research and in educating students through their teaching, aca-) 69 9 5715 OUT 2540 11430 33.5010 4.4092 (demic researchers are best equipped to take responsibility for dis-) 67 9 5715 OUT ENDPAGE %%Page: 152 14 BEGPAGE AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2557 2134 0.0000 -0.0787 (152) 3 0 264 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 80 100 mul 1000 div 2660 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 6396 2134 6.9510 3.5273 (COMPUTING THE FUTURE) 20 2 1876 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2539 2540 0.0000 2.9955 (seminating their knowledge to parties that could benefit from it. More) 71 11 5715 OUT 2539 2752 38.8534 4.4092 (specifically, it is their broad knowledge about important develop-) 66 8 5715 OUT 2539 2963 41.8274 4.4092 (ments in the field in the last ten years that is most important to) 66 13 5715 OUT 2539 3175 39.7900 4.4092 (disseminate to these parties, rather than their detailed knowledge) 66 8 5715 OUT 2539 3387 21.4586 4.4092 (about their own particular research specialties generated in the last) 69 9 5715 OUT 2539 3598 8.8376 4.4092 (couple of years.) 16 2 1309 OUT 2857 3810 0.0000 1.6490 (A continuing education program to meet the needs described above) 64 9 5397 OUT 2539 4022 11.9495 4.4092 (could first sponsor intensive month-long workshops to promote dis-) 66 8 5715 OUT 2539 4233 4.3556 4.4092 (cussion among the top researchers from academia. These workshops) 65 9 5715 OUT 2539 4445 0.0000 4.3277 (would focus on the problems of undergraduate CS&E education $e.g.,) 66 9 5715 OUT 2539 4657 8.9847 4.4092 (content, scope, style, broadening, recruitment and retention of wom-) 68 8 5715 OUT 2539 4868 0.0000 2.9435 (en and minorities$. Neither course development nor consensus among) 67 9 5715 OUT 2539 5080 22.3493 4.4092 (the individuals participating would be necessary outcomes of these) 66 8 5715 OUT 2539 5292 23.8184 4.4092 (workshops; instead, the object would be for participants to become) 66 9 5715 OUT 2539 5503 27.7124 4.4092 (acquainted with the various approaches to teaching undergraduate) 64 7 5715 OUT 2539 5715 33.7189 4.4092 (CS&E in order to provide a basic platform of understanding from) 63 10 5715 OUT 2539 5927 8.8403 4.4092 (which would emerge different ways to integrate various paradigms.) 65 8 5674 OUT 2857 6138 15.0303 4.4092 (Following these workshops, the participants would give a series) 63 8 5397 OUT 2539 6350 16.1805 4.4092 (of short courses for individuals who are not current with recent de-) 68 11 5715 OUT 2539 6562 17.3680 4.4092 (velopments in the field, including CS&E faculty at non-Ph.D.-grant-) 67 8 5715 OUT 2539 6773 19.1166 4.4092 (ing institutions, scientists and engineers from other disciplines, and) 70 8 5715 OUT 2539 6985 28.1704 4.4092 (appropriately qualified high school teachers. $The program would) 65 8 5715 OUT 2539 7197 3.9672 4.4092 (provide course leaders with financial support for the development of) 68 9 5715 OUT 2539 7408 40.8182 4.4092 (materials�text materials, exercises, software, and so on. It would) 66 8 5715 OUT 2539 7620 8.8522 4.4092 (also provide some financial assistance for the workshop attendees.$) 67 8 5603 OUT 2857 7832 22.1412 4.4092 (The active participation of senior academic CS&E researchers is) 63 8 5397 OUT 2539 8043 9.2584 4.4092 (critical to the success of this program; indeed, participation could be) 71 10 5715 OUT 2539 8255 28.9573 4.4092 (seen as an active demonstration by these individuals of leadership) 66 9 5715 OUT 2539 8467 14.2063 4.4092 (for the field as a whole. Since senior academic researchers have, by) 69 12 5715 OUT 2539 8678 30.3732 4.4092 (definition, made their careers by performing research of extraordi-) 67 8 5715 OUT 2539 8890 37.5999 4.4092 (nary quality, it will take more than mere exhortation to persuade) 65 10 5715 OUT 2539 9102 18.3206 4.4092 (them to become substantially involved in educational matters. One) 66 9 5715 OUT 2539 9313 12.0272 4.4092 (mechanism to encourage their attention to such matters would be to) 66 10 5715 OUT 2539 9525 38.3230 4.4092 (couple research funding to participation in these workshops. For) 65 9 5715 OUT 2539 9737 0.0000 3.7853 (example, an augmentation fund for research grants could be set aside,) 69 10 5715 OUT 2539 9948 12.0874 4.4092 (for which only researchers taking part in these workshops would be) 66 10 5715 OUT 2539 10160 0.0000 1.9823 (eligible. Research proposals would be submitted and awarded through) 68 9 5715 OUT 2539 10372 16.2290 4.4092 (the ordinary review process; researchers whose proposals were suc-) 66 8 5715 OUT 2539 10583 0.0000 3.4825 (cessful ) 8 1 601 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3140 10583 0.0000 3.4825 (and) 3 0 275 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3415 10583 0.0000 3.4824 ( who had participated in these education workshops would) 56 8 4839 OUT 2539 10795 29.4567 4.4092 (be eligible to receive an additional amount from the augmentation) 65 9 5715 OUT 2539 11007 16.6825 4.4092 (fund to support their research as they saw fit. Alternatively, grant-) 70 11 5715 OUT 2539 11218 12.6762 4.4092 (awarding agencies might give some degree of preferential treatment) 66 8 5715 OUT 2539 11430 8.8156 4.4092 (to proposals received from participants in this program.) 56 7 4669 OUT ENDPAGE %%Page: 153 15 BEGPAGE AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 80 100 mul 1000 div 2660 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2540 2134 0.0000 3.5513 (RECOMMENDATIONS) 15 0 1539 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 7991 2134 0.0000 -0.0787 (153) 3 0 264 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 2540 23.3634 4.4092 (The estimate of $40 million for the total cost of this program is) 65 12 5397 OUT 2540 2752 25.3914 4.4092 (based on an assumed 100 researchers leading 400 short courses for) 65 10 5715 OUT 2540 2963 19.1244 4.4093 (6000 other individuals.) 23 2 1927 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 70 100 mul 1000 div 2340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4467 2904 0.0000 3.0867 (10) 2 0 130 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4628 2963 19.1237 4.4092 ( These funds should be an addition to the) 42 9 3627 OUT 2540 3175 23.9303 4.4092 (very important elements already covered by the basic research and) 65 9 5715 OUT 2540 3387 0.2285 4.4092 (human resources $BRHR$ component of the HPCC Program. Like the) 63 10 5715 OUT 2540 3598 25.3370 4.4092 (original BRHR component, it is appropriate that the proposed con-) 65 9 5715 OUT 2540 3810 42.6115 4.4092 (tinuing education program be funded by most if not all agencies) 63 10 5715 OUT 2540 4022 14.2381 4.4092 (participating in the HPCC Program, although such a program could) 64 9 5715 OUT 2540 4233 8.8361 4.4092 (be administered within the NSF.) 31 4 2700 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4743 4762 8.8080 4.4092 (To Universities) 15 1 1310 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 5080 4.7615 4.4092 (Universities are the front line of educational delivery. If CS&E is) 68 11 5397 OUT 2540 5292 13.6042 4.4092 (to broaden, university policy and departmental programs must sup-) 65 8 5715 OUT 2540 5503 15.2543 4.4092 (port and encourage such change. Graduate CS&E education should) 63 9 5715 OUT 2540 5715 9.7206 4.4092 (reflect and be supportive of a broader research agenda. Only in this) 69 12 5715 OUT 2540 5927 5.2628 4.4092 (way can CS&E graduates understand the applicability of current and) 66 9 5715 OUT 2540 6138 11.8407 4.4092 (rapidly emerging future CS&E developments to the increasing num-) 64 8 5715 OUT 2540 6350 0.0000 4.1985 (ber of business, commercial, scientific, and engineering problems that) 70 8 5715 OUT 2540 6562 8.8784 4.4092 (have $or ought to have$ a significant computing component.) 58 8 5001 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2857 6985 25.2628 4.4092 (Recommendation 6.) 17 1 1505 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4362 6985 25.2628 4.4098 ( ) 2 2 148 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4509 6985 25.2622 4.4092 (So that their educational programs will re-) 43 6 3745 OUT 2540 7197 5.5590 4.4092 (flect a broader concept of the field, CS&E departments should take) 66 10 5715 OUT 2540 7408 8.6350 4.4092 (the following actions) 21 2 1814 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4354 7408 0.0000 0.0000 (:) 1 0 44 OUT 2857 7726 0.0000 0.8749 (6a.) 3 0 222 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3175 7726 28.7322 1.0584 (Require Ph.D. students either to take a graduate minor in a) 59 10 5080 OUT 3175 7937 10.0986 1.0584 (non-CS&E field or to enter the Ph.D. program with an under-) 59 10 5080 OUT 3175 8149 1.6790 1.0584 (graduate degree in some other science or engineering or math-) 61 9 5080 OUT 3175 8361 23.7221 1.0584 (ematical field. ) 16 2 1254 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 4429 8361 23.7212 1.0583 ( Those in the latter category may lack some of) 46 9 3826 OUT 3175 8572 17.8901 1.0584 (the skills and knowledge possessed by incoming graduate stu-) 60 8 5080 OUT 3175 8784 19.1061 1.0584 (dents with undergraduate CS&E degrees, but they can use the) 59 9 5080 OUT 3175 8996 6.2136 1.0584 (time that others would use for a non-CS&E minor to strengthen) 61 10 5080 OUT 3175 9207 16.7567 1.0584 (their CS&E background. The choice of graduate minor should) 59 9 5080 OUT 3175 9419 20.4469 1.0584 (be broad enough to allow the student a high degree of discre-) 61 11 5080 OUT 3175 9631 0.0000 1.0579 (tion) 4 0 312 OUT 3487 9631 11.4377 4.4093 ( to select the minor, but constrained enough that the stu-) 58 10 4768 OUT 3175 9842 4.1976 4.4092 (dent cannot evade the spirit of the requirement by selecting a) 62 10 5080 OUT 3175 10054 10.9314 4.4092 (minor in a field that is too closely related to his or her major) 64 13 5080 OUT 3175 10266 2.0861 4.4092 (interest. The committee recognizes that a recommendation of) 60 8 5080 OUT 3175 10477 31.1506 4.4092 (this scope may well generate considerable resistance in the) 59 8 5080 OUT 3175 10689 0.0000 2.6149 (affected departments, but it nevertheless believes that attempts) 64 7 5080 OUT 3175 10901 8.8263 4.4092 (to overcome this resistance will ultimately benefit the field.) 62 8 4944 OUT 2857 11218 0.0000 4.5838 (6b.) 3 0 239 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3175 11218 18.6902 4.4092 (Encourage Ph.D. students in CS&E to perform dissertation) 56 7 5080 OUT 3175 11430 21.8684 4.4092 (research in nontraditional areas) 32 3 2749 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 5924 11430 21.8684 4.4092 (, as described in Chapter 2.) 28 5 2331 OUT ENDPAGE %%Page: 154 16 BEGPAGE AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 2557 2134 0.0000 -0.0787 (154) 3 0 264 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 80 100 mul 1000 div 2660 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 6396 2134 6.9510 3.5273 (COMPUTING THE FUTURE) 20 2 1876 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3174 2540 0.8069 4.4092 (In addition, expose Ph.D. students to a variety of projects and) 63 10 5080 OUT 3174 2752 8.7438 4.4092 (intellectual issues in their predissertation work.) 50 5 3962 OUT 2857 3051 0.0000 4.5094 (6c.) 3 0 220 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3174 3051 3.4725 4.4092 (Offer undergraduate students not majoring in CS&E a wide) 56 8 5080 OUT 3174 3263 39.2686 4.4092 (range of CS&E courses and programs.) 35 5 3388 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 6562 3263 39.2683 4.4093 ( By teaching other) 19 4 1692 OUT 3174 3475 8.7577 4.4092 (courses less frequently, CS&E departments might:) 48 5 4157 OUT 3350 3686 0.0000 4.2128 ($i$) 3 0 181 OUT 3620 3686 0.0000 4.2128 (offer undergraduate minors in CS&E and/or general ed-) 53 7 4634 OUT 3174 3898 8.9515 4.4092 (ucation courses in computing.) 29 3 2498 OUT 3350 4110 10.2801 4.4092 ($ii$) 4 0 238 OUT 3676 4110 10.2801 4.4092 (collaborate with other departments in teaching courses) 54 6 4578 OUT 3174 4321 25.3408 4.4092 (that familiarize non-CS&E undergraduate students with ad-) 57 6 5080 OUT 3174 4533 9.4747 4.4092 (vanced computational tools in the context of their own fields) 61 9 5080 OUT 3174 4745 8.2834 4.4092 (of interest. Such courses might have appeal to CS&E majors,) 60 10 5080 OUT 3174 4956 8.8996 4.4092 (thereby contributing to their broadening as well.) 49 6 4052 OUT 2857 5256 0.0000 4.3351 (6d.) 3 0 249 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Bold 100 100 mul 1000 div 3520 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 3174 5256 0.0000 4.3906 (Provide mechanisms to recognize and reward faculty for de-) 58 8 5080 OUT 3174 5468 0.0000 3.5130 (veloping innovative and challenging new curricula) 49 5 4281 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Roman 100 100 mul 1000 div 3340 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 (Black) false SET 7455 5468 0.0000 3.5129 ( that keep) 10 2 799 OUT 3174 5680 26.3899 4.4092 (up with technological change and make substantive contact) 57 7 5080 OUT 3174 5891 13.5992 4.4092 (with applications in other domains. In particular, find ways) 61 9 5080 OUT 3174 6103 9.9494 4.4092 (to give credit for the professional effort involved in develop-) 63 9 5080 OUT 3174 6315 8.9548 4.4092 (ing the following:) 18 2 1475 OUT 3350 6526 3.0873 4.4091 ($i$ ) 4 1 234 OUT AldusDict2 /SUsv known {SURSTR} {AD_SomethingOnPage} ifelse SUSAVE /|______Palatino-Italic 100 100 mul 1000 div 3320 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.