| Title Page and Notice |
i |
| National Academies Statement |
iii |
| Committee |
v |
| Preface |
ix |
| Acknowledgment of Reviewers |
xiii |
|
| OVERVIEW AND RECOMMENDATIONS |
1 |
|
| 1 |
INTRODUCTION AND CONTEXT |
29 |
| |
What Is the Internet? |
29 |
| |
Success by Design--Abstract Features and Principles |
34 |
| |
|
The Internet's "Hourglass" Architecture |
36 |
| |
|
The Robustness Principle |
39 |
| |
|
Scalable, Distributed, and Adaptive Design |
40 |
| |
|
From Internet Technology to Internet Marketplace |
41 |
| |
|
Internet Organizations |
43 |
| |
Key Trends in Internet Development |
44 |
| |
|
Growth in Backbone Capacity |
45 |
| |
|
Growth and Diversification of the ISP Market |
46 |
| |
|
Upgrading the Local Access Infrastructure |
46 |
| |
|
Growing Role for Wireless Services |
49 |
| |
|
Voice and Data Services |
50 |
| |
|
Rise in the Use of Single-Purpose Devices |
50 |
| |
Future Evolution and Success |
51 |
|
| 2 |
SCALING UP THE INTERNET AND MAKING IT MORE RELIABLE AND ROBUST |
53 |
| |
Building a Better Internet |
53 |
| |
Scaling |
54 |
| |
|
Scaling of Capacity |
55 |
| |
|
Scaling of Protocols and Algorithms |
56 |
| |
|
Scaling of the Internet's Naming Systems |
58 |
| |
Scaling up the Address Space |
64 |
| |
|
Managing Addresses |
65 |
| |
|
Routing Table Scaling and Address Aggregation |
66 |
| |
|
Running Out of Addresses? |
71 |
| |
|
Network Address Translation |
76 |
| |
|
IPv6: A Potential Solution to Addressing and Configuration |
77 |
| |
|
Deploying an IPv6 Solution |
79 |
| |
Reliability and Robustness |
81 |
| |
|
Designing for Robustness and Reliability |
82 |
| |
|
Vulnerability of the Internet to Attack |
84 |
| |
|
More Adaptive Routing |
89 |
| |
|
Putting It Together |
90 |
| |
|
Application Reliability and Robustness |
92 |
| |
|
Robustness and Auxiliary Servers |
93 |
| |
|
Toward Greater Reliability and Robustness: Reporting Outages and Failures |
94 |
| |
Quality of Service |
98 |
|
| 3 |
KEEPING THE INTERNET THE INTERNET: INTERCONNECTION, OPENNESS, AND TRANSPARENCY |
107 |
| |
Interconnection: Maintaining End-to-End Service Through Multiple Providers |
107 |
| |
|
Structure of the Internet Service Provider Industry |
109 |
| |
|
Interconnection Mechanisms and Agreements |
112 |
| |
|
Considerations Affecting Decisions to Enter into Peering Agreements |
118 |
| |
|
Evolution of Interconnection Models |
121 |
| |
|
Monitoring Internet Interconnection |
123 |
| |
Openness and Innovation |
124 |
| |
|
Critical Open Standards in the Internet--The Hourglass Architecture |
126 |
| |
|
The Internet As a Platform for Application Innovation |
131 |
| |
|
Evolution of Internet Standards Setting |
132 |
| |
End-to-End Transparency |
138 |
| |
|
Addressing Issues |
139 |
| |
|
Nonuniform Treatment of Bits |
142 |
| |
|
Market and Business Influences on Openness |
145 |
| |
|
Keeping the Internet Open |
149 |
|
| 4 |
COLLISIONS BETWEEN EXISTING INDUSTRIES AND EMERGING INTERNET INDUSTRIES: TELEPHONY AS A CASE STUDY |
151 |
| |
Introduction |
151 |
| |
What Is IP Telephony? |
152 |
| |
New and Evolving Architectures for Telephony |
154 |
| |
|
IP Telephony Architectures |
155 |
| |
|
The Evolving Architecture of the PSTN |
159 |
| |
|
Architectural Contrasts Between IP Telephony and Today's PSTN |
161 |
| |
Scenarios for Future Evolution |
162 |
| |
Interoperation Between IP Telephony and the PSTN |
165 |
| |
|
Addressing and Number Portability |
167 |
| |
|
Signaling and Control and Service Creation |
168 |
| |
|
Robustness |
169 |
| |
Implications of IP Telephony for Telephony Regulation |
170 |
| |
Looking Forward: The Internet and Other Industry Sectors |
175 |
|
| 5 |
IMPLICATIONS FOR BROAD PUBLIC POLICY |
177 |
| |
Introduction |
177 |
| |
Privacy, Anonymity, and Identity |
180 |
| |
|
Privacy |
180 |
| |
|
Anonymity |
190 |
| |
|
Identity |
194 |
| |
Authentication on the Internet |
199 |
| |
Taxation of Internet-based Commerce |
205 |
| |
Universal Service |
209 |
|
| APPENDIX: BIOGRAPHIES OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS |
217 |
|
| INDEX |
225 |
