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Appendix C
Lethal and Incapacitating Chemical Weapons
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| Agent |
Effects |
Onset |
First Aid |
| Nerve Agents |
GA (Tabun), ethyl N,N-dimethyl-phosphoramidocyanidate
GB (Sarin), isopropyl-methylphosphorofluoridate
GD (Soman), Trimethylpropylmethylphosphorofluoridate
GF, cyclohexyl-methylphosphorofluoridate
VX, o-ethyl
S-[2-(diiospropylamino)ethyl]methylphosphorofluoridate
|
Miosis, rhinorrhea, dyspnea, convulsions |
seconds to minutes |
Atropine, pralidoxime, anticonvulsants, ventilation |
| Vesicants |
H, HD (mustard), bis-2-chlorethyl sulfide
CX (Phosgene oxime), dichloroformoxime
|
Erythema, blisters, eye irritation, dyspnea |
minutes to hours |
Decontamination, topical antibiotics, bronchodilators,topical
antibiotics, ventilation |
| L (Lewisite), J-chlorovinyldichloroarsine |
|
|
British antilewisite |
| Cyanide |
AC (Hydrocyanic acid)
CK (Cyanogen chloride)
|
Loss of consciousness, convulsions, apnea |
minutes |
Nitrites, sodium thiosulfate |
| Pulmonary Agents |
CG (phosgene), carbonyl chloride
DP (Diphosgene), trichloromethylchlorformate |
Dyspnea, coughing |
minutes to hours |
Oxygen, ventilation, bronchodilators |
| Riot Control Agents |
CS, 2-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile
CN, 1-chloroacetophenone
CR, dibenz (b,F)-1:4-oxazepine
CA, bromobenzylcyanide
DM, diphenylaminearsine
DA, diphenylchlorarsine
DC, diphenylcyanoarsine
|
Burning stinging of eyes, nose, airway, vomiting |
seconds to minutes |
Water for eyes, skin, bronchodilators, oxygen, ventilation
for lungs |
| Opioids |
Carfentanil
Sufentanil |
Dyspnea, ataxia, catatonia |
minutes |
Naloxone, nalmefene, naltrexone, ventilation |
| Anesthetics |
Chloroform
Halothane
Cyclopropane
Ether
|
Analgesia, loss of reflexes and conciousness |
minutes |
Ventilation |
| Antimuscarinics |
| BX, 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate |
mydriasis, erythema, ataxia, delirium |
1 hour |
Tacrine, physostigmine |
| Cholinergics |
Nicotine
Epibatidine
Anatoxin A |
Weakness, tremors, apnea, convulsions |
minutes |
Mecamylamine |
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