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Biograpl~ical Memoirs
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
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NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Biograpl~ical Wemoirs
VOLUME 53
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
WASHINGTON, D.C. 1982
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The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by Act of
Congress as a private, non-profit, self-governing membership corporation
for the furtherance of science and technology, required to advise the
federal government upon request within its fields of competence. Under
its corporate charter the Academy established the National Research
Council in 1916, the National Academy of Engineering in 1964, and the
Institute of Medicine in 1970.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER 0-309-03287-3
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER 5-26629
Available from
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
2101 CONSTITUTION AVENUE, N.W.,
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20418
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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CONTENTS
PREFACE
ROGER ADAMS
BY D. STANLEY TARBELL AND
ANN TRACY TARBELL
ALFRED BLALOCK
BY A. McGEHEE HARVEY
IRA SPRAGUE BOWEN
BY HORACE W. BABCOCK
RALPH ERSKINE CLELAND
BY ERICH STEINER
WILLIAM DAVID COOLIDGE
BY C. G. SUITS
ALFRED EDWARDS EMERSON
BY EDWARD O. WILSON AND
CHARLES D. MICHENER
v
V11
49
83
121
141
159
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V1
RALPH WALDO GERARD
BY SEYMOUR S. KETY
CONTENTS
JOHN HEYSHAM GIBBON, JR.
BY HARRIS B SHUMACKER, JR.
CHESTER RAY LONGWELL
BY JOHN RODGERS
ALFRED SH ERWOOD ROMER
BY EDWIN H. COLBERT
JOHN CLARKE SLATER
BY PHILIP M. MORSE
STEPHEN P. TIMOSHENKO
BY C. RICHARD SODERBERG
RICHARD BALDWIN TURNER
BY MARSHALL GATES
DAVID LOCKE WEBSTER II
BY PAUL KIRKPATRICK
179
213
249
265
297
323
351
367
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PREFACE
rrhe Biographical Memoirs is a series of volumes, beginning
in 1877, containing the biographies of deceased members of
the National Academy of Sciences and bibliographies of their
publisher! scientific contributions. The goal of the Academy
is to have these memoirs serve as a contribution toward the
history of American science. Each biographical essay is writ-
ten by an inctividual familiar with the discipline and the
scientific career of the deceased. These volumes, therefore,
provide a record of the lives ant! works of some of the most
distinguished leaclers of American science as witnessed anc!
interpreted by their colleagues and peers. Though the
primary concern is the members' professional lives ant! con-
tributions, these memoirs also include those aspects of their
lives in their home, school, college, or later life that lecl them
· · · ~
to their scenic career.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, honorary
organization of scientists and engineers elected on the basis
of outstanding contributions to knowledge. Established by a
Congressional Act of Incorporation on March 3, 1863, the
Academy works to further science and its use for the general
welfare by bringing together the most qualified individuals to
deal with scientific and technological problems of broad
. · ~
s~gn~cance.
BRYCE CRAWFORD, jR.
Home Secretary
CAROLINE K. McEUEN
Associate Editor
. .
V11
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