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The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. the efficient management of resources with minimum damage to the environment or human health. swidden A temporary agricultural plot produced by cutting back and burning off vegetative cover. swidden cultivation A traditional food-crop production system that involves partial clearing of vegetation (forest or bush fallow) followed by flash burning and short-term mixed intercropping; synonymous with shifting cultivation or slash-and-burn agriculture. The fallow period must be sufficiently long to allow for soil regeneration and weed suppression. This system is based solely on the restorative properties of woody species. symbionts Two dissimilar organisms that each benefit from the presence of the other, for example, rhizobium and the members of the Fabaceae (Leguminosae). temperate zone The area or region between the tropic of Cancer and the arctic circle or between the tropic of Capricorn and the antarctic circle. temporal integration Interaction of land uses or agroecosystem components over time, as, for example, in crop rotations where a previous crop affects those planted after it. terracing The agricultural practice of using a raised strip of earth, more or less level or horizontal, usually constructed on or near a contour and designed to make the land suitable for tillage and to prevent accelerated erosion. tillage The act of preparing the soil by mechanical manipulations for crop production. trophic level One of the hierarchical strata of a food web characterized by organisms that are the same number of steps removed from the primary producers. tropic Either of the two small circles of the celestial sphere on each side of and parallel to the equator at a distance of 23.5 degrees, which the sun reaches at its greatest declination north or south. tropical moist forest Lowland, premontane, and montane tropical forest formations. Ultisols One of 10 soil orders. Soils that are similar to Oxisols but exhibit a marked increase of clay content with depth. They are usually deep, well-drained red or yellowish soils somewhat higher in weatherable minerals than Oxisols but still acidic and low in fertility. understory Vegetation growing in the shade of taller plants. uplands Infertile sloping or hilly lands.
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