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Nutrient Requirements of Poultry: Ninth Revised Edition, 1994
Nutrient and Estimated Requirement
Age period (Days)
Response Criteria
Breed
References
=0.14
14–28
Growth, feed efficiency
Not specified
Woodham and Deans, 1975
0.179
28–49
Growth, feed efficiency, feather scores
Arbor Acres
Hunchar and Thomas, 1976
0.163
7–14
Computer model
Not specified
Hurwitz et al., 1978
0.144
14–21
Computer model
Not specified
Hurwitz et al., 1978
0.141
21–28
Computer model
Not specified
Hurwitz et al., 1978
0.134
28–35
Computer model
Not specified
Hurwitz et al., 1978
0.118
35–42
Computer model
Not specified
Hurwitz et al., 1978
0.122
42–49
Computer model
Not specified
Hurwitz et al., 1978
0.128
49–56
Computer model
Not specified
Hurwitz et al., 1978
0.17
7–56
Growth
Cobb
Freeman, 1979
0.24
0–7
Growth, feed efficiency
Cobb
Freeman, 1979
0.19
7–34
Growth, feed efficiency
Lohmann
Steinhart and Kirchgessner, 1984
=0.16
7–20
Growth, feed efficiency
Vantress × Arbor Acres
Smith and Waldroup, 1988b
0.22
8–22
Growth
New Hampshire × Columbian
Han et al., 1991
Valine, %
0.80
10–20 or 24
Growth
Not specified
Almquist, 1947
0.83
8–13 or 15
Growth, feed efficiency
New Hampshire × Columbian
Klain et al., 1960
0.82
8–16
Growth, feed efficiency
New Hampshire × Columbian
Dean and Scott, 1965
0.75
7–21
Growth, plasma amino acid levels
Not specified
D'Mello, 1974
0.69–0.71
14–28
Total protein efficiency
Ross
Woodham and Deans, 1975
0.69
8–16
Growth, feed efficiency
New Hampshire × Columbian
Baker et al., 1979
>0.72
21–42
Feed efficiency, abdominal fat
Broiler strain
Mendonca and Jensen, 1989a
0.90
7–21
Growth, feed efficiency
Ross × Arbor Acres
Farran and Thomas, 1990
Proline, %
=0.5
9–15
Growth, feed efficiency
New Hampshire × Columbian
Green et al., 1962
0.4–0.8
8–14
Growth
New Hampshire × Columbian
Graber et al., 1970
0.40
8–16
Growth, feed efficiency
New Hampshire × Columbian
Baker et al., 1979
Linoleic, %
Varied cited in a review
Growth, tissue triene: tetraene ratio
Various
Balnave, 1970
Calcium, %
0.90
29–56
Growth, feed efficiency
Broiler strain
Waldroup et al., 1963a
0.74
0–28
Growth, bone ash
Vantress × Arbor Acres
Twining et al., 1965
0.80
42–56
Growth, feed efficiency, bone ash
Vantress × Arbor Acres
Twining et al., 1965
0.80
28–56
Growth, feed efficiency, tibia ash, bone breaking force
Broiler strain
Waldroup et al., 1974a
1.30
0–21
Maximum toe ash
White Cornish × White Plymouth Rock
Yoshida and Hoshii, 1982a
1.18
21–56
Maximum toe ash
White Cornish × White Plymouth Rock
Yoshida and Hoshii, 1982b
Nonphytate phosphorus, %
0.43
0–21
Growth, bone ash
New Hampshire × White Leghorn
O'Rourke et al., 1952
0.35
14–35
Growth, bone ash
New Hampshire × White Leghorn
O'Rourke et al., 1952
0.27
28–70
Growth, bone ash
New Hampshire × White Leghorn
O'Rourke et al., 1952
0.45
0–28
Growth, bone ash
Various
Almquist, 1954
0.55
0–21
Growth, bone ash
New Hampshire × White Leghorn
O'Rourke et al., 1955
0.33
28–70
Growth, bone ash
New Hampshire × White Leghorn
O'Rourke et al., 1955
0.45
0–28
Growth, bone ash, serum alkaline phosphates
Rhode Island Red
Gardiner, 1962
0.45
0–28
Growth, bone ash
Vantress × White Plymouth Rock
Waldroup et al., 1962
0.24
28–56
Growth, feed efficiency
Broiler strain
Waldroup et al., 1963a
0.39
0–28
Growth, bone ash
Broiler strain
Waldroup et al., 1963b
0.35
0–28
Growth, feed efficiency
Vantress × Arbor Acres
Twining et al., 1965
0.24
42–56
Growth, feed efficiency, bone ash
Vantress × Arbor Acres
Twining et al., 1965
0.43
0–21
Growth, bone ash
White Plymouth Rock
Fritz et al., 1969
0.24
28–56
Growth, feed efficiency, tibia ash, bone breaking force
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