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Nutrient Requirements of Nonhuman Primates: Second Revised Edition, 2003
27% (24-30%) of total daily activity foraging for insects; therefore, total feeding time spent on insect foraging 56% (50-63%), fruit 33% (28-37%), exudates (gums) 11% (5-16%); when fruit scarce, exudate intake increased
Diurnal, arboreal mostly, multimale/ multifemale group size 3-20 individuals
190-320 g females, 357-450 g males; C. nigriceps 370 g male, 390 g female
Ferrari, 1993; Ferrari & Ferrari, 1989; Ferrari & Rylands,1994; Ford & Davis, 1992; Harrison & Tardif, 1994; Koenig, 1995; Muskin, 1984; Rylands, 1993; Rylands & de Faria, 1993; Stevenson & Rylands, 1988
Fruit dominates, insects important, gums or nectar seasonal
Ripe fruit 53% (32-78%), insect foraging 25% (14-50%) of feeding time, unripe fruit 6-7%, exudates (gums) 9% (1-20%), nectar 7% (0-43%)
Diurnal, arboreal mostly, pairs or multimale/ multifemale 2-3 adults/group, 2-16 total
361-794 g females, 437-710 g males
Albernaz, 1997; Butynski, 1982; Dietz et al., 1997; Ferrari, 1993; Ferrari & Ferrari, 1989; Ford & Davis, 1992; Rylands, 1993; Tardif et al., 1993
Gumsdominate, insectsimportant, fruit can depend on location
Callithrix
C. jacchus
C. flaviceps
C. penicillata
C. pygmaea (was genus Cebuella)
Common marmoset
Buffy-headed marmoset
Black tufted-eared marmoset
Pygmy marmoset
Exudates (gums) 45% (24-70%), fruit 16% (14-30%), insect foraging 39% (30-70%), nectar in dry season; C.pygmaea exudates (gums) 60% (30-77%), fruit 8% (0-10%), insects 30% (20-33%)
Diurnal, arboreal mostly, multimale/ multifemale, groups 1-15; C. pygmaea monogamous families, up to 4 litters living together
182-354 g females, 225-406 g males; C. pygmaea 112-140 g females, 99-160 g males
Coimbra-Filho & Mittermeir, 1978; Ferrari & Ferrari, 1989; Ferrari & Rylands, 1994; Ford & Davis, 1992; Ramirez, 1985a; Rylands & de Faria, 1993; Silva & Downing, 1995; Soini, 1982, 1988, 1993
Insects and fruit dominate, gums and nectar seasonally important
Callimico
C. goeldii
Goeldi’s monkey
Preferred food insects; also soft, sweet fruit in wet season, sticky coating of gum on pods in dry season; rarely buds or young leaves; diet similar to Saguinus spp, sometimes live with mixed Saguinus troops
Diurnal, arboreal mostly, monogamous pairs, some within group, 2-8 individuals
400-535 g
Ford & Davis, 1992; Heltne et al., 1981; Mittermeier & Coimbra-Filho, 1977; Pook & Pook, 1981, 1982
Insects 45% (30-77%), fruit 35% (13-74%), exudate 10% (0-37%), nectar 7% (0-35%), young leaves 3%, seeds; 34.8% of total activities foraging for insects, 17% plant foods; insect capture rate might be only 5.4% of prey-foraging time
Diurnal, arboreal, multimale/ multifemale groups, 2-16 individuals; S. imperator, S. labiatus, and S. midas multimale/ multifemale, but only 1 reproducing female
bBody weights in ranges whenever possible; single numbers are not averages but indicate that only one individual of the species has been weighed in the wild.
cNo data available from the wild but assumed to be similar to congenerics.
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