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OCR for page R1
MacArthur M. Sack/er
~ C O L L O Q U I A
_ OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
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in'
Mapping Knowledge Domains
National Academy of Sciences
Washington, D.C.
OCR for page R2
Arthur M. Sackler, M.D.
1913-1987
Born in Brooklyn, New York, Arthur M. Sackler was edu-
cated in the arts, sciences, and humanities at New York
University. These interests remained the focus of his life, as he
became widely known as a scientist, art collector, and philan-
thropist, endowing institutions of learning and culture through-
out the world.
He felt that his fundamental role was as a doctor, a vocation
he decided upon at the age of four. After completing his
internship and service as house physician at Lincoln Hospital in
New York City, he became a resident in psychiatry at Creed-
moor State Hospital. There, in the 1940s, he started research
that resulted in more than 150 papers in neuroendocrinology,
psychiatry, and experimental medicine. He considered his
scientific research in the metabolic basis of schizophrenia his
most significant contribution to science and served as editor of the Journal of Clinical and
Experimental Psychobiology from 1950 to 1962. In 1960 he started publication of Medical Tribune,
a weekly medical newspaper that reached over one million readers in 20 countries. He
established the Laboratories for Therapeutic Research in 1938, a facility in New York for basic
research that he directed until 1983.
As a generous benefactor to the causes of medicine and basic science, Arthur Sackler built
and contributed to a wide range of scientific institutions: the Sackler School of Medicine
established in 1972 at Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; the Sackler Institute of Graduate
Biomedical Science at New York University, founded in 1980; the Arthur M. Sackler Science
Center dedicated in 1985 at Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts; and the Sackler School
of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, established in 1980, and the Arthur M. Sackler Center for
Health Communications, established in 1986, both at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts.
His pre-eminence in the art world is already legendary. According to his wife Jillian, one of
his favorite relaxations was to visit museums and art galleries and pick out great pieces others
had overlooked. His interest in art is reflected in his philanthropy; he endowed galleries at the
Metropolitan Museum of Art and Princeton University, a museum at Harvard University, and
the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery of Asian Art in Washington, DC. True to his oft-stated
determination to create bridges between peoples, he offered to build a teaching museum in
China, which Jillian made possible after his death, and in 1993 opened the Arthur M. Sackler
Museum of Art and Archaeology at Peking University in Beijing.
In a world that often sees science and art as two separate cultures, Arthur Sackler saw them
as inextricably related. In a speech given at the State University of New York at Stony Brook,
Some reflections on the arts, sciences and humanities, a year before his death, he observed:
"Communication is, for me, theprimum movens of all culture. In the arts. . . I find the emotional
component most moving. In science, it is the intellectual content. Both are deeply interlinked
in the humanities." The Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia at the National Academy of Sciences pay
tribute to this faith in communication as the prime mover of knowledge and culture.
OCR for page R3
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Contents
Papers from the Arthur M. Sackler Colloquium of the National
Academy of Sciences
INTRODUCTION
5183 Mapping knowledge domains
Richard M. Shiffrin and Katy Borner
COLLOQUIUM PAPERS
5186 Extracting knowledge from the World Wide Web
Monika Henzinger and Steve Lawrence
5192 Mapping knowledge domains: Characterizing PNAS
Kevin W. Boyack
5200 Coauthorship networks and patterns
of scientific collaboration
M. E. J. Newman
5206 An unsupervised method for the extraction
of propositional information from text
Simon Dennis
5214 From paragraph to graph: Latent semantic analysis
for information visualization
Thomas K. Landauer, Darrell Laham, and Marcia Derr
5220 Mixed-membership models of scientific publications
Elena Erosheva, Stephen Fienberg, and John Lafferty
5228 Finding scientific topics
Thomas L. Griffiths and Mark Steyvers
5236 Mapping subsets of scholarly information
Paul Ginsparg, Paul Houle, Thorsten Joachims,
and Jae-Hoon Sul
~9~
5241 A method for finding communities of related genes
Dennis M. Wilkinson and Bernardo A. Huberman
5249 Tracking evolving communities in large linked networks
John Hopcroft, Omar Khan, Brian Kulis, and Bart Selman
5254 Traffic-based feedback on the web
Jonathan Aizen, Daniel Huttenlocher, Jon Kleinberg,
and Antal Novak
5261 Evolution of document networks
Filippo Menczer
5266 The simultaneous evolution of author and
paper networks
Katy Borner, Jeegar T. Maru, and Robert L. Goldstone
5274 The world of geography: Visualizing a knowledge
domain with cartographic means
Andre Skupin
5279 Visualization for constructing and sharing
geo-scientific concepts
Alan M. MacEachren, Mark Gahegan, and William Pike
5287 Mapping topics and topic bursts in PNAS
Ketan K. Mane and Katy Borner
5291 Crossmaps: Visualization of overlapping relationships
in collections of journal papers
Steven A. Morris and Ga~y G. Yen
5297 User-controlled mapping of significant literatures
Howard D. White, Xia Lin, Jan W. Buzydlowski,
and Chaomei Chen
5303 Searching for intellectual turning points: Progressive
knowledge domain visualization
Chaomei Chen
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