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Biographical Memoirs
Volume 73
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
WASHINGTON, D.C.
1998
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The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by Act of Congress as a private, nonprofit, self-governing membership corporation for the furtherance of science and technology, required to advise the federal government upon request within its fields of competence. Under its corporate charter the Academy established the National Research Council in 1916, the National Academy of Engineering in 1964, and the Institute of Medicine in 1970.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER 0-309-06031-1
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER 0077-2933
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER 5-26629
Available from
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
2101 CONSTITUTION AVENUE, N.W. WASHINGTON, D.C. 20418
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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Contents
PREFACE
vii
CHARLES GREELEY ABBOT
BY DAVID H. DEVORKIN
3
CARL DAVID ANDERSON
BY WILLIAM H. PICKERING
25
WILLIAM OSGOOD AYDELOTTE
BY ALLAN G. BOGUE AND GILBERT WHITE
41
FRANK AMBROSE BEACH
BY DONALD A. DEWSBURY
65
WALKER BLEAKNEY
BY GEORGE T. REYNOLDS
87
JAMES FREDERICK BONNER
BY FRANK B. SALISBURY
101
RODNEY LEE COOL
BY ROBERT K. ADAIR
129
LOUIS BARKHOUSE. FLEXNER
BY JAMES M. SPRAGUE
151
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REYNOLD CLAYTON FUSON
BY PETER BEAK, DAVID Y. CURTIN, AND DAVID A. LIGHTNER
167
CHARLES ROY HENDERSON
BY L. DALE VAN VLECK
183
JOHANNES HOLTFRETER
BY JOHN GERHART
209
CARL IVER HOVLAND
BY ROGER N. SHEPARD
231
CARSON DUNNING JEFFRIES
BY WALTER KNIGHT, JOHN REYNOLDS, ERWIN HAHN, AND ALAN PORTIS
263
FREDERICK GEORGE KEYES
BY JOHN ROSS
277
HEINRICH KLÜVER
BY FREDERICK K. D. NAHAM AND KARL H. PRIBRAM
289
LEWIS GIBSON LONGSWORTH
BY ROBERT A. ALBERTY
307
ALFRED EZRA MIRSKY
BY SEYMOUR S. COHEN
323
MELVIN SPENCER NEWMAN
BY LEO A. PAQUETTE AND MILTON ORCHIN
335
ALFRED HENRY STURTEVANT
BY EDWARD B. LEWIS
349
WILLIAM GOULD YOUNG
BY JOHN D. ROBERTS
365
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Preface
On March 3, 1863, Abraham Lincoln signed the Act of Incorporation that brought the National Academy of Sciences into being. In accordance with that original charter, the Academy is a private, honorary organization of scientists, elected for outstanding contributions to knowledge, who can be called upon to advise the federal government. As an institution the Academy's goal is to work toward increasing scientific knowledge and to further the use of that knowledge for the general good.
The Biographical Memoirs, begun in 1877, are a series of volumes containing the life histories and selected bibliographies of deceased members of the Academy. Colleagues familiar with the discipline and the subject's work prepare the essays. These volumes, then, contain a record of the life and work of our most distinguished leaders in the sciences, as witnessed and interpreted by their colleagues and peers. They form a biographical history of science in America—an important part of our nation's contribution to the intellectual heritage of the world.
PETER H. RAVEN
Home Secretary
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