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Biographical Memoirs
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
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NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Biograpl~ical Fl~femoirs
VOLUME 50
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
WA S H ~ N GT O N , D . C . ~ 9 7 9
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CONIFNTS
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BY FRANK BRINK, ]R.
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BY ]ERO~F B. PILSNER
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BY C PHILLIP MILLER
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BY ALLEN V. ASPIC
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BY GEORGE K. HIRST
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V1
CONTENTS
OTTO LAP ORTE
BY H. R. CRANE AND D. M. DENNISON
PHILIP DURYEE McMASTER
BY WALTHER F. GOEBEL
MARIA GOEPPERT MAYER
BY ROBERT G. SACHS
ARNOLD RICE RICH
BY ELLA H. OPPENHEIMER
RICHARD EDWIN SHOPE
BY CHRISTOPHER ANDREWES
WILLIAM HAMMOND WRIGHT
BY C. D. SHANK
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS FOR THE
PHOTOGRAPHS
269
287
311
331
353
377
397
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PREFACE
The Biographical Memoirs is a series of volumes, first pub-
lished in 1877, containing the biographies of deceased members
of the National Academy of Sciences and bibliographies of their
published scientific contributions. The goal of the Academy is
to have these memoirs serve as a contribution toward the history
of American science. Each biographical essay is written by an
individual familiar with the discipline and the scientific career
of the deceased. These volumes, therefore, provide a record of
the lives and works of some of the most distinguished leaders
of American science as witnessed and interpreted by their col-
leagues and peers. Though the primary concern is the members'
professional lives and contributions, these memoirs should also
include those aspects of their lives in their home, school, col-
lege, or later life that led them to their scientific career.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, honorary
organization of scientists and engineers elected on the basis of
outstanding contributions to knowledge. Established by a Con-
gressional Act of Incorporation on March 3, 1863, the Academy
works to further science and its use for the general welfare by
bringing together the most qualified individuals to deal with
scientific and technological problems of broad significance.
DAVID R. GODDARD
Home Secretary
PATRICIA RYAN LYLES
Associate Editor
. .
V11
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