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L^~'~
INVENTION TO
APPLICATION
JOHN R. WHINNERY
Symposium Chairman
JESSE H. AUSUBEL
H. DALE LANGFORD
Editors
`~, National Academy of Engineering
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
WASH I NGTON, D.C., 1 987
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NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
2101 Constitution Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20418
NOTICE The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964,
under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organiza-
tion of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the
selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the
responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of
Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national
needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achieve-
ments of engineers. Dr. Robert M. White is president of the National Academy
of Engineering.
Funds for the National Academy of Engineering's symposium "Twenty-Five
Years of the Laser" were provided by the Academy's Technological Leadership
Program.
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 87-042941
ISBN 0-309-03776-X
Printed in the United States of America
First Printing, September 1987
Second Printing, April 1988
Third Printing, August 1988
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Preface and
Acknow~eclgments
Month by month the practical applications of lasers are more
evident. They provide the music in our homes and print the
documents in our offices. They are integral to our systems for
telecommunications and national security and, increasingly,
medical care. As this report vividly portrays, the laser story is
one of harmony between engineering and science, industry
and universities, the impulse of the inventor and the needs of
society. It is a story we should understand as we seek to
provide fertile ground for discovery and to reap greater
benefits from research.
Anthony Siegman and John Whinnery urged the National
Academy of Engineering (NAE) to take note in 1985 of the
25th anniversary of the invention of the laser. With their
assistance, we organized a symposium commemorating dis-
coveries that brought this technological star into our midst
and exploring where laser light might leas! us in the future.
The symposium was so successful that we decided to seek to
capture the essence of the presentations in a publication that
might bring the excitement and intensity of the laser story to
a broader audience. This report is the result.
We are grateful to the authors for translating what were
often highly visual presentations into words and images that
can be conveyed in printed form. John Whinnery guided the
endeavor with imagination and affection. NAE staff members
Jesse Ausube! and Dale Langford provided effective support
and editorial assistance.
. . .
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iv PREFACE AN D ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I hope the readers of this report will gain a greater
appreciation of one of the seminal inventions of our era and
the many dimensions of our research and industrial institu-
tions that can contribute to technological leaclership. Let us
emulate the invention and application of the laser many times
over in harnessing technology to increase fundamental knowI-
edge and promote economic growth.
ROBERT M. WHITE, President
National Academy of Engineering
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Contents
THE LASER: STILL YOUNG AT 25?
Anthony E. Siegman
LASERS IN MODERN INDUSTRIES
Anthony f. DeMaria
LASERS IN COMMUNICATIONS AND
INFORMATION PROCESSING
C. Kumar N. Patel
LASERS IN MEDICINE
Rodney Perkins, M.D.
LASERS IN SCIENCE
Arthur L. Schawlow
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY OF LASERS
fohn R. Whinnery
CONTRIBUTORS
GLOSSARY
1
17
45
101
118
123
131
133
v
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LASERS
INVENTION TO
APPLICATION
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