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High-Energy Astrophysics
Amencan and Soviet Perspectives
Edited by
Walter H.G. Lenin
George W. Clark
Rashid ~ Sunyaev
with
Kathleen Kearney Divers
David M. Abramson
Proceedings from the U.S.-USSR Workshop
on
High-Energy Astrophysics
June 18 - July I, 1989
Academy of Sciences of the Union of Sov~et Socialist Republics
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
National Academy Press
Washington, D.C. 1991
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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the officer of the National
Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Science of the USSR on January 12, 1988. The members
of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competencies and with
regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed bar a group other than the authors according to procedures
approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of
Sciences, the National Academy of Engineenng, and the Institute of Medicine.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distin-
guished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science
and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to
it by Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government
on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Frank Press is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National
Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineem. It is autonomous in its
administration and in the selection of its membem, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences
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sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research,
and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Robert M. White is president of the
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Bondurant is acting president of the Institute of Medicine.
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abate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering
knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies
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are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 90~2813
International Standard Book No. ~309~43344
Copies of this report are available from:
Soviet and East European Alvin
National Research Council
2101 Constitution Ave., N.W.
Washington, D.C 20418
Additional copies are for sale Mom:
National Academy Press
2101 Constitution Ave., N.W.
Ubshington, D.C 20418
S217
Pnoted in the United States of America
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Foreword
This book contains the proceedings of the American~oviet high-energy
astrophysics workshop, which was held at the Institute for Space Research
in Moscow and the Abastumani Laboratory and Observatory in the republic
of Georgia from June 18 to July 1, 1989. This workshop evolved from a
similar, very successful workshop held in Protvino in the summer of 1977.
Both workshops were attended by only a small number of people from each
country (12 Americans were invited in 1977 and 20 in 1989~.
The Protvino meeting was of particular importance as it "broke the
ice." Since that time, there have been many contacts and exchanges between
scientists from the USSR and the United States. U.S. instruments are now
scheduled to fly on Soviet space missions.
During the past decade, the field of astrophysics progressed at an
impressive rate. This was resected by the topics discussed at the workshop:
the inflationary universe; the large-scale structure of the universe; the
diffuse X-ray background; gravitational lenses, quasars and AGNs; infrared
galaxies (results from IRAS); supernova 1987A; millisecond radio pulsars;
quasi-periodic oscillations in the X-ray flux of low-mass X-ray binaries; and
gamma-ray bursts.
The meeting was generously supported by the Academy of Sciences
of the USSR, the Academy of Sciences of the Georgian republic, the
National Academy of Sciences, and the U.S. National Aeronautics and
Space Administration.
This collection of papers resects some of the active areas of research
pursued by scientists of the USSR and the United States. It also contn~utes
to the friendship between the scientists from both counties.
The Editors
. ..
111
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Contents
powwow
iii
INSTABILITIES IN SN1987A AND OTHER SUPERNOVAE 1
David Arnett, Once I;lyxell, and Ewalll Muller
ON THE EVOLUTION OF PULSARS
V.S. Beskin, A~ fourth, and YaN Istomin
THE SPIN DOWN OF THE RADIO PULSARS
BRAKING INDEX
V.S. Beskid, ~ fourth, omd YaN Ist~mm
AMALLY SYMMETRICAL SUPERNOVA REMNANTS
G.S. Bisnova~ garb, Tot Lozinskaya, and Sot Silich
NEU IRON STARQUAKE MODEL FOR GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
}RD. Blandford
THE SHOCK BREAKOUT IN SN1987A MODELLED
WITH THE TIME-DEPENDENT RADIATIVE TRANSFER
S.~. B1i~nilcov, D.K Nadyoshin, and O.S. B~nov
MANIFESTATIONS OF DYNAMO DRIVEN LARGE-SCALE
MAGNETIC bl~:LD IN ACCRETION DISKS OF
COMPACT OBJECTS
G.D. Chagelishvili RG. Chanishvili' JO. Lomznadze, and
Z.A So1~adze
TURBULIZATION OF SHEAR FLOWS IN ASTROPHYSICS 55
G.D. ChagelzshviliRG. Char~ishvili, and J.G.Lomu?adze
9
14
19
28
39
46
v
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V1
AMERICAN AND SOYlET PERSPECTIVES
REGULAR VARIABILITY OF THE SHAPE OF THE
PRIMARY MINIMUM OF THE ORBITAL LIGHT CURVE OF
SS 433 WITH THE PHASE OF THE PRECESSIONAL PERIOD
~M. Cherepashchak and S.E Yarlikov
CHAOTIC INE;I"ATIONARY UNIVERSE AND THE
ANISOTROPY OF THE LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE
G. ~ Chitzsov arid ~.k Shtanov
THE CYCLOTRON ABSORPTION LINE AND ECLIPSE
TRANSITION PHENOMENA OF 4U 1538-52
George ~ Clark
RADIO TELESCOPES AS THE DETECTORS OF SUPER
HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS
RD. Da~kesamansky and LME Zhelezny1~
OPTICAL OBSERVATIONS OF ACTIVE G~=IC NUCLEI
Alexci ~ F~ppenko
ON TWO-DIMENSIONAL RELATIVISTIC STELLAR WINDS
ME. Gedalin, J.G. Lominadze, and E.G. Ts~7ishvid
CLUSTER RESEARCH WITH X-RAY OBSERVATIONS
Riccardo Giacconi and Richard Burg
OBSERVATIONS OF X-RAY PULSARS FROM THE
KVANT MODULE
At Gilfanov,RSunyaev,EChurazov,~k~znikov, V:Efremov,
anioYsk~' ~ ~uznetsov, N: Yamburenko, ~ Melioransk~,
G.K Skinner, O. Al-Emarn, TG. Patterson, UP Fillmore,
~C. Brin~an, 1 Heise, J.J.M. In) Zand, R Jager, ~ Pietsch,
S. Doebereiner, ~ Englhauser, C. Reppin, J: Truemper, ~ Loges,
E. Kindzio~ra, M. Monaco B. Mony, R St~bert, ON; Palomar,
arid ~ Smith
GENERATION OF ULTRAHIGH-ENERGY GAMMA-RAYS
IN ACCRETING X-RAY PULSARS
Y~N: Gnedin and NCR l~sanov
CAN A MAN-MADE UNIVERSE BE ACHIEVED BY
QUANTUM TUNNELING WITHOUT AN INITIAL
SINGULARITY?
Awn H. Guth
ON THE ORIGIN OF THE DIFFUSE X-RAY BACKGROUND 174
David ~ Helfar~d
65
68
77
87
91
108
112
134
144
153
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HIGH-ENERGY ASTROPHYSICS
GRAVITATIONAL LENSES: THE CURRENT SAMPLE,
RECENT RESULTS, AND CONTINUING SEARCHES
Jacqpuedne AL H~tt
COSMIC GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
K Burley
GEORGIAN SPACE RESEARCH PROGRAM
G.P: Ka~idze
ON THE NATURE OF PULSAR RADIATION
LIZ. Ka~egz, G.Z. Machabeli, and G.I. Melikidze
OBSERVING SN 1987A WITH THE INTERNATIONAL
ULTRAVIOLET EXPLORER
Robert ~ Kirshner
QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS IN LOW-MASS
X-RAY BINARIES
W.H.G. Lewis, J. van Paradijs, and M. van tier Otis
TO EVOLUTION OF THE GRAVITATIONAL RADIATION
FROM STELLAR COMPONENTS OF GALAXIES
V.M. l~punov, E.Yi'. Osmznk*z, and M: E. Pro~orov
CLOSE BINARY STARS IN GLOBULAR CLUSTERS
Bruce Margon
THE LARGE-SCALE SURFACE BRIGHTNESS DISTRIBUTION
OF THE X-RAY BACKGROUND
Richard MushouLy
X-RAY EMISSION FROM A~~llVE GALACTIC NUCLEI 297
Richard Upshot
ON THE OBSERVATIONAL APPEARANCES OF A FREELY
PRECESSING NEURON STAR IN HERCULES X-1
KA Posmov, M.E. Pro~orov, and NCL Shah~ra
TED PSR 2127+12 AS AN INDICATOR OF A MASSIVE
BLACK HOLE IN THE CORE OF GLOBULAR CLUSTER M 15 316
KA Posmov, M.E. Pro~orov, and Nil. Shah~ra
THE FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF DOMAIN WALLS 322
William H. Press, Barbara S. ~den, and David ~ Spiegel
..
V11
192
2W
218
225
237
251
261
270
285
307
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V111
AMERICAN AND SOVIET PERSPECTIVES
A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
DETEc'1~;D BY THE KONUS EXPERIMENT ON
VENERA 11 AND 12
Marten Schmidt and J:C. Higdon
EXIPAGALACTIC X-RAY SOURCE COUNTS
Maarten Schmidt
ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES
B.1: Soifer
THE PECULIAR VELOCITY FIELD PREDICTED FROM
THE DISTRIBUTION OF IRAS GALAXIES
Michael ~ Strauss and Marc Davis
X-RAY RADIATION FROM SUPERNOVA 1987N
THE RESULTS OF THE KVANT MODULE IN 19g7-1989
RA Sunynev, AS. Kozniovsky, ~ Efremov, SO Grebenev,
~znetsov, E. Churasov, ~ Gilfanov, ~ Yamburenko,
J. Eng~h~user, S. Doebereiner, ~ Pitch, C. Reppin, J. lluemper,
E. Kendziorra, ~ Maisack B. Mony, R Staubert, G.K Skinner,
I: G. Patterson, UP. Fillmore, O. Al-Emam, ~C. Brinhna'%, J. Heise,
JCJ.M In't Zagged, R Jager
BASIC PHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY FROM PULSAR
TIMING DATA
JeH. Taylor
GAS FLOW AND GENERATION OF X-RAY EMISSION
IN WR+OB BINARIES
Kit Usov
HYDRODYNAMIC STUDY OF SUPERNOVA 1987A:
ME PHASE OF A WAVE OF COOLING AND
RECOMBINATION
~.P Utrobin
APPENDIX
List of Workshop Presentations
329
336
344
356
368
385
394
403
411
