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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 60
Biographical Memoirs
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 60
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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 60
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Biographical Memoirs
VOLUME 60
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
WASHINGTON D.C. 1991
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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 60
The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by Act of Congress as a private, nonprofit, self-governing membership corporation for the furtherance of science and technology, required to advise the federal government upon request within its fields of competence. Under its corporate charter the Academy established the National Research Council in 1916, the National Academy of Engineering in 1964, and the Institute of Medicine in 1970.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER 0-309-04442-1
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER 5-26629
Available from
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
2101 CONSTITUTION AVENUE, N.W. WASHINGTON, D.C. 20418
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 60
CONTENTS
PREFACE
vii
JOSEPH HALL BODINE
BY E. J. BOELL
3
ARTHUR CLAY COPE
BY JOHN D. ROBERTS AND JOHN C. SHEEHAN
17
PHILIP JACKSON DARLINGTON, JR.
BY EDWARD O. WILSON
33
JOHN FRANKLIN ENDERS
BY THOMAS H. WELLER AND FREDERICK C. ROBBINS
47
EDWARD CURTIS FRANKLIN
BY HOWARD M. ELSEY
67
SELIG HECHT
BY GEORGE WALD
81
LIBBIE HENRIETTA HYMAN
BY LIBBIE H. HYMAN AND G. EVELYN HUTCHINSON
103
FRANCIS WHEELER LOOMIS
BY FREDERICK SEITZ
117
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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 60
JACOB MARSCHAK
BY KENNETH J. ARROW
129
DONALD HOWARD MENZEL
BY LEO GOLDBERG AND LAWRENCE H. ALLER
149
NATHAN M. NEWMARK
BY WILLIAM J. HALL
169
LARS ONSAGER
BY H. CHRISTOPHER LONGUET-HIGGINS AND MICHAEL E. FISHER
183
ALEXANDER PETRUNKEVITCH
BY G. EVELYN HUTCHINSON
235
KENNETH BRYAN RAPER
BY ROBERT H. BURRIS AND ELDON H. NEWCOMB
251
FRANCIS W. REICHELDERFER
BY JEROME NAMIAS
273
WILLIAM JACOB ROBBINS
BY FREDERICK KAVANAGH AND ANNETTE HERVEY
293
GEORGE GAYLORD SIMPSON
BY EVERETT C. OLSON
331
OWEN HARDING WANGENSTEEN
BY MAURICE B. VISSCHER
355
HENRY STEPHENS WASHINGTON
BY CHARLES MILTON
367
HOWEL WILLIAMS
BY ALEXANDER R. MCBIRNEY
395
CUMULATIVE INDEX
407
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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 60
PREFACE
On March 3, 1863, Abraham Lincoln signed the Act of Incorporation that brought the National Academy of Sciences into being. In accordance with that original charter, the Academy is a private, honorary organization of scientists, elected for outstanding contributions to knowledge, who can be called upon to advise the federal government. As an institution the Academy's goal is to work toward increasing scientific knowledge and to further the use of that knowledge for the general good.
The Biographical Memoirs, begun in 1877, are a series of volumes containing the life histories and selected bibliographies of deceased members of the Academy. Colleagues familiar with the discipline and the subjects' work prepare the essays. These volumes, then, contain a record of the life and work of our most distinguished leaders in the sciences, as witnessed and interpreted by their colleagues and peers. They form a biographical history of science in America—an important part of our nation's contribution to the intellectual heritage of the world.
PETER H. RAVEN
Home Secretary
ELIZABETH J. SHERMAN
Editor
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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 60
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