National Research Council. "7. MANAGING TRADE CONFLICT IN HIGH-TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES." Linking Trade and Technology Policies: An International Comparison of the Policies of Industrialized Nations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1992. 1. Print.
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Linking Trade and Technology Policies: An International Comparison of the Policies of Industrialized Nations
TABLE 3 Trade Balance of Selected Areas and Countries in Science-Based Sectors*
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1987
1989
1970-1989
United States
18.87
13.79
13.85
10.99
10.91
3.62
1.38
1.45
-17.42
Japan
3.28
4.74
6.19
7.02
8.05
10.99
12.61
12.5
9.22
EEC (12)
5.38
5.05
8.16
5.48
4.96
2.59
0.26
-1.73
-7.11
Germany, Federal Republic
7.82
8.65
7.22
5.01
4.15
3.11
3.53
2.18
-5.64
France
-0.66
-0.67
1.01
1.01
0.81
0.86
0.15
0.21
0.87
United Kingdom
4.03
2.66
2.75
1.83
1.71
0.46
-0.21
-0.51
-4.54
Italy
0.06
-0.68
-0.07
-0.42
-0.32
-0.61
-1.15
-1.04
-1.1
NICs in Asia
-2.14
-2.32
-1.47
-2.02
-1.51
0.08
0.45
-0.91
1.23
* Standardized trade balances expressed as percentage of total world trade in science-based sectors. (For methods see Guerrieri, in this volume, note 5.)
