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The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. stain. This ability is related to the cell wall composition of the microorganism and has been useful in classifying bacteria. H hemagglutinin a molecule, such as an antibody or lectin, that agglutinates red blood cells. hemorrhagic fever a group of diverse, severe epidemic viral infections of worldwide distribution but occurring especially in tropical countries that are usually transmitted to humans by arthropod bites or contact with virus-infected rodents or monkeys and that share common clinicopathologic features (e.g., fever, hemorrhaging, shock, thrombocytopenia, neurological disturbances). Examples are Argentine, Bolivian, and Venezuelan hemorrhagic fevers; chikungunya; Rift Valley fever; and Ebola and Marburg virus diseases. HIV disease the broad spectrum of opportunistic infections and diseases that occur in an individual infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. humoral immunity antibody-mediated immunity; one of the mechanisms, using antibodies found in the blood and other body fluids, that the body uses to fight off infections. hyperendemic the condition in which a disease is present in a community at all times and with a high incidence. I iatrogenic any adverse condition, such as an infection, in an individual occurring as the result of treatment by a physician. immunocompromised a condition (caused, for example, by the administration of immunosuppressive drugs or irradiation, malnutrition, aging, or a condition such as cancer or HIV disease) in which an individual's immune system is unable to respond adequately to a foreign substance. immunosuppression the retardation or cessation of an immune response as a result of, for example, anticancer drugs. incidence as used in epidemiology, the number of new cases of a disease that occur in a defined population within a specified time period; the rate of occurrence. infection implies that an agent, such as a virus or bacterium, has taken up residence in a host and is multiplying within that host—perhaps with no outward signs of disease. Thus, it is possible to be infected with an agent but not have the disease commonly associated with that agent (although disease may develop at a later time). intramolecular recombination recombination that occurs within a single molecule, as opposed to between two molecules. L larvicide a material used to kill larval forms of pests and disease vectors. lentivirus a subfamily of the retroviruses.
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