Terminal-regulated air volume (TRAV) HVAC technology unifies the fan and air supply points into a single system. Sensors determine if a room is occupied, and the output required at one vent is factored into needs at other distribution points. This unified approach reduces fan-speed requirements, generally avoids "air starvation," and distributes reductions in air supply across the system. A well-chosen control system is key to implementing the TRAV technology successfully.

Hayes, R. H., and R. Jaikumar. 1988. Manufacturing crisis: New technologies, obsolete organizations. Harvard Business Review. September–October:77–85.

New technologies require new approaches to management. Contemporary managers should devote their time not to controlling individual elements of a business but to making the pieces fit together. Sometimes the related aspects of different systems cause a conflict of interest (e.g., reducing inventories may require going to more expensive and reliable suppliers; thus, the materials manager's gain is the purchasing manager's loss). In this environment generalists are essential, and the overall view—the total of all the parts—is more important than an analysis of any individual part. The stress is on horizontal relationships rather than vertical hierarchies—on enhancing organizational capabilities rather than measuring and controlling costs.

Health Facilities Research Program. 1988. Hospitals as Intelligent Buildings. American Institute of Architects/Associated Collegiate School of Architecture Council on Architectural Research, Washington, D.C.

This is composed of series of presentations on the definition of "intelligent buildings" and the implications of that on building automation, telecommunications systems, and hospital design.

Jackson, D. W. 1976. Is planned obsolescence obsolete? Arizona Business. November:11–17.

Obsolescence can be measured in many ways: physical, technological, and psychological. Interestingly, there are both positive and negative aspects to obsolescence. From the consumer viewpoint, although some planned obsolescence may be bad, in certain cases it is useful, such as in disposable razors and other shorter-lived products that may be produced at lower costs. Some technological and psychological obsolescence also creates a valuable second-hand market. The important criteria are price,