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| Copyright © 2012. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Terms of Use and Privacy Statement |
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The Whole Truth About Contraception
A Guide To Safe Sex And Effective Choices
by
Beverly Winikoff, MD, MPH, and
Suzanne Wymelenberg
JOSEPH HENRY PRESS
WASHINGTON, D.C.
1997
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JOSEPH HENRY PRESS
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20418
The Joseph Henry Press, an imprint of the National Academy Press, was created with the goal of making books on science, technology, and health more widely available to professionals and the public. Joseph Henry was one of the founders of the National Academy of Sciences and a leader of early American science.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Winikoff, Beverly.
The whole truth about contraception: a guide to safe and effective choices / by Beverly Winikoff, and Suzanne Wymelenberg.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: A detailed guide to currently available methods of birth control.
ISBN 0-309-05494-X (alk. paper)
1. Contraception—Popular works. [1. Birth control.]
I. Wymelenberg, Suzanne. II. Title.
RG136.2.W54 1997
613.9'4—dc21 97-26488
CIP
AC
Illustrations by Roberto Osti.
Copyright 1997 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
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The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended to replace the services of a physician. Many matters regarding your health require medical supervision and you should consult a physician before adopting the procedures described here. Any application of the treatments set forth in this book is at the reader's sole discretion and neither the authors nor the publisher assume any responsibility or liability therefore.
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Contents
INTRODUCTION
1
1
THE BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
7
The Male
7
The Female
10
Ovulation
16
Fertilization
17
Tubal (Ectopic) Pregnancy
18
Menstruation
18
Sexual Intercourse
18
How Contraception Works
19
PART ONE
Barrier Methods
2
THE MALE CONDOM
23
Condoms and Sexual Pleasure
25
Latex Condoms
25
Allergic Effects
26
Polyurethane Condoms
27
Tactylon Condoms
27
"Skin" Condoms
27
Effectiveness
28
Using a Condom
29
Care and Storage
32
Cost
32
3
THE FEMALE CONDOM
34
Effectiveness
37
Health Effects
38
Using a Female Condom
38
Cost
42
4
THE DIAPHRAGM
43
Effectiveness
46
Health Effects
46
Using the Diaphragm
48
Care and Storage
55
Checking Your Diaphragm
55
Cost
56
5
THE CERVICAL CAP
57
Effectiveness
59
Health Effects
60
Using the Cervical Cap
62
Care and Storage
69
Where to Get the Cervical Cap
70
Cost
71
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6
SPERMICIDES
72
Effectiveness
73
Spermicides and Disease
75
Health Effects
75
Spermicides and How to Use Them
76
PART TWO
Hormonal Methods
7
THE PILL: COMBINED ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
85
Combination Pills
86
How Effective Is the Pill?
89
Is the Pill for You?
89
How Reversible Is the Pill?
89
Health Effects
91
Getting and Using the Combination Pill
103
How to Handle Side Effects
107
Cost
108
8
THE PILL: PROGESTIN-ONLY PILLS (POPs)
110
Effectiveness and Reversibility
111
Health Effects
112
How to Use the Progestin-Only Pill
116
Cost
119
9
NORPLANT
121
Effectiveness and Reversibility
124
Health Effects
125
Is Norplant Right for You?
127
Choosing Norplant
129
Living with Norplant
131
Cost
133
10
DEPO-PROVERA
134
Effectiveness and Reversibility
135
Health Effects
136
Is Depo-Provera Right for You?
138
Using Depo-Provera
139
Cost
140
PART THREE
The Intrauterine Method
11
INTRAUTERINE DEVICES (IUDs)
143
IUD Safety
144
How the IUD Works
145
Types of IUDs
146
Effectiveness and Reversibility
148
Cautions, Complications, and Possible Side Effects
149
Getting an IUD
154
Cost
160
PART FOUR
Surgical Methods
12
FEMALE STERILIZATION: TUBAL OCCLUSION
163
Methods and Techniques
164
Effectiveness and Reversibility
170
Possible Complications
172
When to Have a Tubal Occlusion
173
Having a Tubal Occlusion
174
Cost
178
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13
MALE STERILIZATION: VASECTOMY
179
Methods
180
Effectiveness and Reversibility
183
Health Effects
185
Having a Vasectomy
186
Cost
190
PART FIVE
Other Methods of Fertility Control
14
CYCLE-BASED FERTILITY AWARENESS METHODS
193
The Menstrual Cycle
195
Fertility Awareness Devices
197
Effectiveness
197
Cycle-Based Methods
198
Finding a Fertility Awareness Class
205
Cost
206
15
WITHDRAWAL
207
Effectiveness
208
Using Withdrawal
208
16
EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION
212
Two Methods
213
Effectiveness
215
Health Effects
216
Using Emergency Contraception
217
Emergency Contraception Treatment
219
Cost
221
PART SIX
Other Issues of Birth Control
17
BREASTFEEDING AND CONTRACEPTION
225
Using the Lactational Amenorrhea Method for Birth Control
226
Contraceptive Methods for the Nursing Mother
227
18
ABORTION
231
Having an Abortion
233
The Surgical Procedures
241
Complications from Surgical Abortions
248
Medical Methods
251
Cost
255
SOURCES
259
INDEX
267
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THE WHOLE TRUTH ABOUT CONTRACEPTION
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