. "5 The Current Fiscal Impact of Immigrants and Their Descendants: Beyond the Immigrant Household." The Immigration Debate: Studies on the Economic, Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1998.
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The Immigration Debate: Studies on the Economic, Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration
governments combined are presented in Table 5-2. The presence of immigrants and their concurrent descendants generated $89 billion in costs to states and localities across the United States. This group paid an estimated
TABLE 5-2 Fiscal Impact on State and Local Governments (1994 in 1994 dollars)
Aggregate (in $ billions)
Per capita ($)
Immigrants & Concurrent Descendants
All Others
Immigrants & Concurrent Descendants
All Others
Ratio
Diff
Taxes
Income Tax
15.7
113.1
387
513
0.75
-126
Property Tax, Homeowners
10.4
76.1
257
345
0.74
-88
Property Tax, Renters
5.2
23.6
130
107
1.21
23
Sales Tax
17.6
127.8
435
579
0.75
-144
Unemployment & Workers Comp. Contributions
4.3
27.1
106
123
0.86
-17
Other Taxes
8.3
60.1
206
273
0.76
-67
Total Taxes
61.5
427.9
1,520
1,941
0.78
-421
Costs of Benefits
Medicaid, Institutional
1.1
14.3
27
65
0.42
-38
Medicaid, Non-institutional + Other Medical Welfare
