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The Role of Protein and Amino Acids in Sustaining and Enhancing Performance (1999)
Institute of Medicine (IOM)

Page
368
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The Role of Protein and Amino Acids in Sustaining and Enhancing Performance

Previously, he was assigned as part of the initial faculty and staff at the U.S. Army Soldier Physical Fitness School at Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indiana (now relocated to Fort Benning, Georgia) where he held a dual position on the teaching faculty and training and doctrine staff. He later was assigned as fitness coordinator for the 4th Infantry Division, Fort Carson, Colorado. LTC Warber's research interests include nutrition monitoring, dietary assessment, and performance-enhancing nutritional aids.

ROBERT R. WOLFE has been professor of surgery and nutritional biochemistry at the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, and chief of metabolism at the Shriners Burns Institute since 1983. From 1976 to 1983 he was assistant and associate professor of surgery at Harvard Medical School and the Shriners Bums Institute, Boston. Dr. Wolfe has served as associate editor of the American Journal of Physiology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism and as an editorial board member of several other journals. He has been a regular member of the Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Trauma Study Section and many other ad hoc study sections of the NIH, as well as a member of the Committee on Research Review of the American Diabetes Association. He has been an active member of the American Physiological Society and American Institute of Nutrition. Dr. Wolfe received a B.A. in biology from the University of California, Berkeley and a Ph.D. in biology from the University of California, Santa Barbara.

VERNON R. YOUNG is a professor of nutritional biochemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and director of the Mass Spectrometry Facility, Shriners Bums Hospital, Boston. Dr. Young received a B.Sc. in agriculture from the University of Reading, United Kingdom, and a Ph.D. in nutrition from the University of California, Davis. He later received a D.Sc. from the University of Reading for his research on various aspects of muscle and whole-body protein metabolism. Dr. Young has served as president of the American Institute of Nutrition (now American Society for Nutritional Sciences). He is a member of the Food and Nutrition Board, the American Society of Clinical Nutrition, and the Nutrition Society (UK). He has served on numerous editorial boards, including the Journal of Nutrition and the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. In 1990, Dr. Young was elected to the National Academy of Sciences and in 1993 to the Institute of Medicine. His research has focused mainly on human protein and amine acid metabolism and nutritional requirements. He is the recipient of numerous awards including the Mead-Johnson and Borden Awards from the ASNS, the McCollum Award from the American Society of Clinical Nutrition, the Rank PRIZE in Nutrition (UK), the Bristol-Myers Squibb/Mead Johnson Award for Excellence in Nutrition Research (U.S.) and the Danone International Prize for Nutrition (France). He also received an M.D. (honoris causa) from Uppsala University, Sweden.

Page
368
Front Matter (R1-R18)
Executive Summary (1-16)
I Committee Summary and Recommendations (17-18)
1 Committee Review (19-76)
2 Responses to Questions, Conclusions, and Recommendations (77-82)
II Authored Papers and Workshop Discussions (83-84)
3 Protein and Amino Acids: Physiological Optimization for Current and Future Military Operational Scenarios (85-92)
4 Overview of Garrison, Field, and Supplemental Protein Intake by U.S. Military Personnel (93-108)
5 The Energy Costs of Protein Metabolism: Lean and Mean on Uncle Sam's Team (109-120)
6 Regulation of Muscle Mass and Function: Effects of Aging and Hormones (121-136)
7 Effects of Protein Intake on Renal Function and on the Development of Renal Disease (137-154)
8 Infection and Injury: Effects on Whole Body Protein Metabolism (155-168)
9 Inherent Difficulties in Defining Amino Acid Requirements (169-216)
10 Amino Acid Flux and Requirements: Counterpoint Tentative Estimates are Feasible and Necessary (217-242)
11 Physical Exertion, Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism, and Protein Requirements (243-254)
12 Skeletal Muscle Markers (255-278)
13 Alterations in Protein Metabolism Due to the Stress of Injury and Infection (279-284)
Discussion I (285-288)
14 Amino Acid and Protein Requirements: Cognitive Performance, Stress, and Brain Function (289-308)
15 Supplementation with Branched-Chain Amino Acids, Glutamine, and Protein Hydrolysates: Rationale for Effects on Metabolism and Performance (309-330)
16 Dietary Supplements Aimed at Enhancing Performance: Efficacy and Safety Considerations (331-340)
Discussion II (341-346)
Appendixes (347-348)
A Workshop Agenda (349-352)
B Biographical Sketches (353-368)
C Acronyms and Abbreviations (369-372)
D Proteins and Amino Acids - A Selected Bibliography (373-410)
E Protein and Energy Content of Selected Operational Rations (411-412)
Index (413-429)