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Review of the
Did
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to
Committee on an Assessment of Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention Radiation Studies from DOE Contractor Sites:
Subcommittee to Review the Hanford Thyroid Disease
Study Final Results and Report
Board on Radiation Effects Research
Commission on Life Sciences
National Academy of Sciences
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, DC 2000
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NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS · 2101 CONSTITUTION AVENUE, NW
WASHINGTON, DC 20418
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the
Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn
from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy
of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee
responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with
regard to appropriate balance.
This report was prepared under the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention contract 200-95-0965 between the National Academy of Sciences
and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
International Standard Book Number 0-309-06883-5
A limited number of copies of this report are available from
National Research Council
Board on Radiation Effects Research
2101 Constitution Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20418
(202) 334-2232
Copyright 2000 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
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National Acaclemy of Sciences
National Acaclemy of Engineering
Institute of Meclicine
National Research Council
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The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of
distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the
furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the
authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate
that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr.
Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the
National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is
autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the
National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government.
The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at
meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior
achievements of engineers. Dr. William A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of
Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences
to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination
of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the
responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to
be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of
medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute
of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in
1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's
purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in
accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become
the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the
National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public,
and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by
both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. William A.
Wulf are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
. . .
111
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COMMITTEE ON AN ASSESSMENT OF CENTERS FOR
DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION RADIATION
STUDIES FROM DOE CONTRACTOR SITES:
SUBCOMMITTEE TO REVIEW T1IE HANFORD THYROID
DISEASE STUDY FINAL RESULTS AND REPORT
ROY E. SHORE (Chair), New York University School of Medicine, New
York, NY
ANDRE' BOUVILLE, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
BRUCE B. BOECKER, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute,
Albuquerque, NM
A. BERTRAND BRILL, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN
PATRICIA A.H. BUFFLER, University of California, Berkeley, CA
SHARON M. FRIEDMAN, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA
SUSAN E. LEDERER, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
CARL M. MANSFIELD, University of Maryland Medical Systems, Baltimore,
MD
DONALD E. MYERS, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
DANIEL O. STRAM, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
ROBERT G. THOMAS, Folsom, CA
CONSULTANTS
HAROLD BECK, Environmental Measurements Laboratory, New York, NY,
Retired
MAUREEN HATCH, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
ARTHUR SCHNEIDER, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago,
IL
ERNEST MAZZAFERRI, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, Retired
CLS ADVISER
BARABARA S. HULKA, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL STAFF
STEVEN L. SIMON, Study Director
BRIDGET R. EDMONDS, Project Assistant
DORIS E. TAYLOR, Staff Assistant
SPONSOR'S PROJECT OFFICER
JAMES SMITH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
EDITOR
NOR1\lAN GROSSBLATT
.
1V
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BOARD ON RADIATION EFFECTS RESEARCH
R.J. MICHAEL FRY (Chair), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
S. JA1VIES ADELSTEIN i, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
VALERIE BERAL, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
SARAH G. DONALDSON:, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford.
CA*
EDWARD R. EPP, Harvard University, Boston, MA
HELEN H. EVANS, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
LYNN W. JELINSKI, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
WILLIA1\I F. MORGAN, The University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
FRANKLYN G. PRENDERGAST, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester,
MN*
WILLIAM J. SCHOLL, The University of Texas Health Science Center,
Houston, TX
DANIEL O. STRAM, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL STAFF
EVAN B. DOUPLE, Director, Board on Radiation Effects Research
RICK JOSTES, Senior Program Officer
STEVEN L. SIMON, Senior Program Officer
ISAF AL-NABULSI, Visiting Scientist
CATHERINE S. BERKLEY, Administrative Associate
DORIS E. TAYLOR, Staff Assistant
BRIDGET R. EDMONDS, Project Assistant
ERIC W. TRUETT, Project Assistant
Member of IOM
*New members effective 7/1/99
v
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COMMISSION ON LIFE SCIENCES
MICHAEL T. CLEGG (Chair), University of California, Riverside, CA
PAUL BERG ~ Vice Chair), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford,
CA
FREDERICK R. ANDERSON, Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft,
Washington, DC
JOANNA BURGER, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
JAMES E. CLEAVER, UCSF Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
DAVID S. EISENBERG, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
JOHN L. EMMERSON, Portland, OR
NEAL L. FIRST, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
DAVID J. GALAS, Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Science,
Claremont, CA
DAVID V. GOEDDEL, Tularik, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
ARTURO GOMEZ-POMPA, University of California, Riverside, CA
COREY S. GOODMAN, University of California, Berkeley, CA
JON W. GORDON, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
DAVID G. HOEL, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
BARBARA S. HULKA, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
CYNTHIA J. KENYON, University of California, San Francisco, CA
BRUCE R. LEVIN, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
DAVID M. LIVINGSTON, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
DONALD R. MATTISON, March of Dimes, White Plains, NY
ELLIOT M. MEYEROWITZ, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena,
CA
ROBERT T. PAINE, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
RONALD R. SEDEROFF, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
ROBERT R. SOKAL, State University of New York, Stoney Brook, NY
CHARLES F. STEVENS, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, LaJolla,
CA
SHIRLEY M. TILGHMAN, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
RAY1\IOND L. WHITE, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake
City, UT
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL STAFF
WARREN R. MUIR, Executive Director
V1
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
During the course of the committee's deliberations, several individuals
provided information to the committee. Appreciation for these contributions is
extended to the following:
Harold Beck, Environmental Measurements Laboratory, New York, NY,
Retired
Maureen Hatch, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
Arthur Schneider, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
Ernest Mazzaferri, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, Retired
Owen Hoffman, Senes Oak Ridge, TN
William Farris, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
Trisha Pritikin, Berkeley, CA
Keith Baverstock, World Health Organization, Helsinki, Finland
Lynn Lyon, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
Charles Grossman, Legacy Good Samaritan Hospital, Portland, Oregon, and
Northwest Radiation Health Alliance
Robert Schenter, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
James Ruttenber, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO
Tim Connor, North West Environmental Education Foundation, Spokane,
WA
James Thomas, Short, Cressman and Burgess, Seattle, WA
Edward Liebow, Environmental Health and Social Policy Center, Seattle,
WA
Larry Jecha, Benton-Franklin Health Depa~ent, Richland, WA
Judith Jurgi, Hanford Downwinders Coalition, Seattle, WA
Louise Kaplan, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, WA
Bea Kelliegh, Hanford Health Information Network, Seattle, WA
Laura Chenet-Leonard, Oregon Health Division, Portland, OR
Elke Shaw-Tullock, Idaho Division of Health, Boise, ID
Lynn Stembridge, Hanford Education Action League, Spokane, WA
Kenneth Kopecky, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
Scott Davis, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
Karen Dorn-Steele, Spokane Spokesman-Review, Spokane, WA
Annette Cary, Tri-Cities Herald, Spokane, WA
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for
their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures
approved by the National Research Council's Report Review Committee. The
purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments
that will assist the institution in making the published report as sound as possible
. .
V11
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and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity,
evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and
draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative
process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their participation in the
review of this report:
John Buonaccorsi, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
Darrell Fisher, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
Robert Griffin, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI
David G. Hoel, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
Henry D. Royal, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St. Louis, MO
Richard B. Setlow, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, L.I., NY
Leonard A. Stefanski, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
Steve Wing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
While the individuals listed above have provided constrictive comments and
suggestions, it must be emphasized that responsibility for the final content of
this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.
The committee is very appreciative for the expertise, dedication, and
hard work of the study director, Steven L. Simon. The attention to
administrative details by Doris E. Taylor and Bridget R. Edmonds from the
Research Council's Board on Radiation Effects Research is also appreciated.
Sincere appreciation is also extended to Norman Grossblatt, who edited the
report.
. . .
vail
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CONTENTS
Public Summary
Executive Summary 17
1. Introduction 40
2. Overview of the HTDS Draft Final Report and Organization of the
Committee's Report 42
3. Evaluation of Epidemiologic and Clinical Methods 49
4. Evaluation of Dosimetric Methods and Results 61
5. Evaluation of Statistical Data Analysis 86
6. Statistical Power and Interpretation of the Study
Comparison with Other Studies -
8. Communication of Study Results...........................................................
9. Summary of Responses to CDC's Questions ..
10. References.......................................................
Appendixes
A Subcommittee Activities .........................
B Responses to Selected Comments by the Public
Estimated Thyroid Doses From "Global" Weapons Test Fallout In
,99
... 111
...114
.137
............. 156
.163
.168
Areas Downwind From Hanford 176
D Equation Relating to the Effect of Error in Assessing Childhood MiLk
Consumption 198
Glossary 200
Information on Committee Members 212
1X
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