 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
|||
 |
 |
 |
|||||||
| Copyright © 2012. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Terms of Use and Privacy Statement |
Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page R1
The Sun to the Earth
and Beyonc
Pane/ Reports
Solar ancl Space Physics Survey Committee
Committee on Solar and Space Physics
Space Stuclies Boa rcl
Division on Engineering ancl Physical Sciences
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.eclu
OCR for page R2
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the
National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy
of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of
the panels responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for
appropriate balance.
Support for this project was provided by Contracts NASW 96013 and NASW 01001 between the
National Academy of Sciences and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Purchase Order No. 40-AA-NR-1 1 1308; National Science
Foundation Grant No. ATM-0109283; Office of Naval Research Grant No. N00014-01-1-0753;
and Air Force Office of Scientific Research Purchase Order No. FQ8671-0101 168. Any opinions,
findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and
do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors.
Cover: The background photo is of the aurora borealis as viewed from the vicinity of Fairbanks,
Alaska. The three figures in the inset show the magnetically structured plasma of the Sun s million-
degree corona (left); the plasmasphere, a cloud of low-energy plasma that surrounds Earth and co-
rotates with it (top right); and an artists conception of Jupiters inner magnetosphere, with the lo
plasma torus and the magnetic flux tubes that couple the planets upper atmosphere with the
magnetosphere. Ground-based aurora photo courtesy of Jan Curtis; coronal image courtesy of the
Stanford-Lockheed Institute for Space Research and NASA; plasmasphere image courtesy of the
IMAGE EUV team and NASA; rendering of the Jovian magnetosphere courtesy of J.R. Spencer
(Lowell Observatory).
International Standard Book Number 0-309-08972-7 (book)
International Standard Book Number 0-309-52593-4 (PDF)
Copies of this report are available free of charge from
Space Studies Board
National Research Council
The Keck Center of the National Academies
500 Fifth Street, N.W.
Wash i ngton, DC 2 0001
Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street,
N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-331 3 (in the Washing-
ton metropol itan area); I nternet, http://www. nap.edu.
Copyright 2003 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
OCR for page R3
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distin-
guished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of
science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter
granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the
federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the
National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National
Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its
administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences
the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also
sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and re-
search, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the
National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure
the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters
pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the
National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal govern-
ment and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr.
Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to
associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of further-
ing knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general
policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of
both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing
services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The
Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M.
Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research
Counci 1.
www.national-academies.org
OCR for page R4
RECENT REPORTS OF THE SPACE STUDIES BOARD
Satel I ite Observations of the Earth's Envi ronment: Accelerati ng the Transition of Research to
Operations (2003)
Assessment of Directions in Microgravity and Physical Sciences Research at NASA
(prepublication) (2002)
Assessment of the Usefulness and Availability of NASA's Earth and Space Mission Data (2002)
Factors Affecting the Utilization of the International Space Station for Research in the Biological
and Physical Sciences (prepublication) (2002)
Life in the Universe: An Assessment of U.S. and International Programs in Astrobiology
(prepublication) (2002)
New Frontiers in the Solar System: An Integrated Exploration Strategy (prepublication) (2002)
Review of NASA's Earth Science Enterprise Applications Program Plan (2002)
"Review of the Redesigned Space Interferometry Mission (SIM)" (2002)
Safe on Mars: Precursor Measurements Necessary to Support Human Operations on the Martian
Surface (2002)
The Sun to the Earth and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics
(prepublication) (2002)
Toward New Partnerships in Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science
Research (2 002 ~
Using Remote Sensing in State and Local Government: Information for Management and
Decision Making (2002)
Assessment of Mars Science and Mission Priorities (prepublication) (2001 )
The Mission of Microgravity and Physical Sciences Research at NASA (2001 )
The Quarantine and Certification of Martian Samples (prepublication) (2001 )
Readiness Issues Related to Research in the Biological and Physical Sciences on the
International Space Station (2001 ~
"Scientific Assessment of the Descoped Mission Concept for the Next Generation Space
Telescope (NGST)" (2001 ~
Signs of Life: A Report Based on the April 2000 Workshop on Life Detection Techniques
(prepublication) (2001)
Transforming Remote Sensing Data into Information and Applications (2001 )
U.S. Astronomv and Astrophysics: Managing an Integrated Program (2001 )
Copies of these reports are available free of charge from
Space Studies Board
National Research Council
The Keck Center of the National Academies
500 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20001
(202) 334-3477
ssb@nas.edu
www. national-academies.org/ssb/ssb. htm I
NOTE: Listed according to year of approval for release.
lv
OCR for page R5
SOLAR AND SPACE PHYSICS SURVEY COMMITTEE
LOUIS J. LANZEROTTI, LucentTechnologies, Chair
ROGER L. ARNOLDY, University of New Hampshire
FRAN BAGENAL, University of Colorado at Boulder
DANIEL N. BAKER, University of Colorado at Boulder
JAMES L. B U RCH, Southwest Research I nstitute
JOH N C. FOSTER, Massach usetts I nstitute of Tech nology
PHILIP R. GOODE, Big Bear Solar Observatory
RODERICK A. HEELIS, University of Texas, Dallas
MARGARET G. KIVELSON, University of California, Los Angeles
Wl LLIAM H. MATTHAEUS, U n iversity of Delaware
FRAN K B. McDONALD, U n iversity of Maryland
EUGENE N. PARKER, University of Chicago, Professor Emeritus
GEORGE C. REID, University of Colorado at Boulder
ROBERT W. SCHUNK, Utah State University
ALAN M. TITLE, Lockheed Marti n Advanced Tech nology Center
Staff
ARTHUR A. CHARD, Study Director
WILLIAM S. LEWIS,4 Consultant
TH ERESA M. FISH ER, Sen for Program Assistant
ton temporary assignment from Southwest Research Institute.
v
OCR for page R6
PANEL ON THE SUN AND HELIOSPHERIC PHYSICS
JOHN T. GOSLING, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Chair
ALAN M. TITLE, Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center, Vice Chair
TIMOTHY S. BASTIAN, National Radio Astronomy Observatory
EDWARD W. CLIVER, Air Force Research Laboratory
JUDITH T. KARPEN, Naval Research Laboratory
JEFFREY R. KUHN, University of Hawaii
MARTIN A. LEE, University of New Hampshire
RICHARD A. MEWALDT, Cal if orn ia I nstitute of Tech nology
VICTOR PIZZO, NOAA Space Environment Center
JURI TOOMRE, University of Colorado at Boulder
THOMAS H. ZURBUCHEN, University of Michigan
PANEL ON SOLAR WIND AND MAGNETOSPHERE INTERACTIONS
CH RISTOPH ER T. RUSSELL, U n iversity of Cal if orn ia, Los Angeles, Chair
JOACHIM BIRN, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Vice Chair
BRIAN J. ANDERSON, Johns Hopkins University
JAMES L. B U RCH, Southwest Research I nstitute
JOSEPH F. FEN N ELL, Aerospace Corporation
STEPHEN A. FUSELIER, Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center
MICHAEL HESSE, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
WILLIAM S. KURTH, University of Iowa
JANET G. LUHMANN, University of California, Berkeley
MARK MOLDWIN, University of California, Los Angeles
HARLAN E. SPENCE, Boston University
MICHELLE F. THOMSEN, Los Alamos National Laboratory
PANEL ON ATMOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE-MAGNETOSPHERE INTERACTIONS
MICHAEL C. KELLEY, Cornel I U n iversity, Chair
MARY K. HUDSON, Dartmouth College, Vice Chair
DANIEL N. BAKER, University of Colorado at Boulder
THOMAS E. CRAVENS, U n iversity of Kansas
TIMOTHY J. FULLER-POWELL, University of Colorado at Boulder
MAURA E. HAGAN, National Center for Atmospheric Research
UMRAN S. INAN, Stanford University
TIMOTHY L. KILLEEN, National Center for Atmospheric Research
CRAIG KLETZING, University of lowa
JAN ET U . KOZYRA, U n iversity of Mich igan
ROBERT LYSAK, University of Minnesota
GEORGE C. REID, University of Colorado at Boulder
HOWARD J. SINGER, NOAA Space Environment Center
ROG ER W. SMITH, U n iversity of Alaska
.
vl
OCR for page R7
PANEL ON THEORY, MODELING, AND DATA EXLORATION
GARY P. ZANK, University of California, Riverside, Chair
DAVID G. SIBECK, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,4 Vice Chair
SPIRO K. ANTIOCHOS, Naval Research Laboratory
RICHARD S. BOGART, Stanford University
JAMES F. DRAKE, J R., U n iversity of Maryland
ROB ERT E. ERG U N. U n iversity of Colorado at Bou Ider
JACK R. JOKI PI 1, U n iversity of Arizona
JON A. LINKER, Science Applications International Corporation
WILLIAM LOTKO, Dartmouth College
JOACHIM RAEDER, University of California, Los Angeles
ROBERT W. SCHUNK, Utah State University
PANEL ON EDUCATION AND SOCIETY
RAMON E. LOPEZ, University of Texas, El Paso, Chair
MARK ENGEBRETSON, Augsburg College, Vice Chair
FRAN BAGENAL, University of Colorado at Boulder
CRAIG DEFOREST, Southwest Research Institute
PRISCI LLA FRISCH, U n iversity of Ch icago
DALE E. GARY, New Jersey I nstitute of Tech nology
MAUREEN HARRIGAN, Agilent Technologies
ROBERTA M. JOHNSON, National Center for Atmospheric Research
STEPH EN P. MARAN, NASA Goddard Space Fl ight Center
TERRANCE ONSAGER, NOAA Space Environment Center
~Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory until summer 2002.
. .
vll
OCR for page R8
SPACE STUDIES BOARD
JOH N H. McELROY, U n iversity of Texas at Arl i ngton (reti red), Chair
J . ROG E R P. AN G E L, U n ivers ity of Arizona
JAMES P. BAGIAN, Veterans Health Administration's National Center for Patient Safety
ANA P. BARROS, Harvard University
RETA F. B EEB E, New Mexico State U n iversity
ROGER D. BLANDFORD, California Institute of Technology
JAMES L. B U RCH, Southwest Research I nstitute
RADFORD BYERLY, JR., University of Colorado at Boulder
HOWARD M. EINSPAHR, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute
(reti red)
STEVEN H. FLAJSER, Loral Space and Communications Ltd.
MICHAEL H. FREILICH, Oregon State University
DON P. GIDDENS, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University
RALPH H. JACOBSON, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory (retired)
MARGARET G. KIVELSON, University of California, Los Angeles
B RUCE D. MARCUS, TRW, I nc. (reti red)
HARRY Y. McSWEEN, JR., University of Tennessee
GEORGE A. PAULIKAS, The Aerospace Corporation (retired)
ANNA-LOUISE REYSENBACH, Portland State University
ROALD S. SAGDEEV, University of Maryland
CAROLUS J. SCHRIJVER, Lockheed Martin
ROBERT J. SERAFIN, National Center for Atmospheric Research
MITCH ELL SOG I N. Mari ne B iological Laboratory
C. MEGAN URRY, Yale University
PETER W. VOORH EES, Northwestern U n iversity
J. CRAIG WHEELER, University of Texas at Austin
JOSEPH K. ALEXANDER, Director
COMMITTEE ON SOLAR AND SPACE PHYSICS
JAMES L. B U RCH, Southwest Research I nstitute, Chair
JAMES F. DRAKE, University of Maryland
STEPHEN A. FUSELIER, Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center
MARY K. H U DSON, Dartmouth Col lege
MARGARET G. KIVELSON, University of California, Los Angeles
CRAIG KLETZING, University of lowa
FRAN K B. McDONALD, U n iversity of Maryland
EUGENE N. PARKER, University of Chicago, Professor Emeritus
ROBERT W. SCHUNK, Utah State University
GARY P. ZANK, University of California, Riverside
ARTHUR A. CHARD, Study Director
TH ERESA M. FISH ER, Sen for Program Assistant
. . .
v///
OCR for page R9
This volume, The Sun to the Earth—and Beyond: Pane/ Reports, is a compilation of
the reports from five National Research Council (NRC) panels convened as part of a
survey in solar and space physics for the period 2003-2013. The NRC's Space Studies
Board and its Committee on Solar and Space Physics organized the study. Overall
direction for the survey was provided by the Solar and Space Physics Survey Committee,
whose report, The Sun to the Earth—and Beyond: A Decada/ Research Strategy in Solar
and Space Physics, was delivered to the study sponsors in prepublication format in
August 2002. The final version of that report was published in June 2003.4 The survey
report and the panel reports are included on the compact disk that is supplied with this
volume.
The panel reports provide both a detailed rationale for the survey committee's
recommendations and an expansive view of the numerous opportunities that exist for a
robust program of exploration in solar and space physics. Although the recommenda-
tions of the survey committee are consistent with the priorities expressed by the panels,
it was not possible to incorporate all of the panel recommendations into a balanced
program that could be carried out over the next decade within a realistic resource
envelope.
The preface to the survey committee report, The Sun to the Earth—and Beyond: A
Decada/ Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics, is reproduced below.
The Sun to the Earth—and Beyond: A Decada/ Research Strategy in Solar and Space
Physics is the product of an 1 8-month effort that began in December 2000, when the
National Research Council (NRC) approved a study to assess the current status and future
directions of U.S. ground- and space-based programs in solar and space physics re-
search. The NRCs Space Studies Board and its Committee on Solar and Space Physics
organized the study, which was carried out by five ad hoc study panels and the 15-
member Solar and Space Physics Survey Committee, chaired by Louis J. Lanzerotti,
Lucent Technologies. The work of the panels and the committee was supported by the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Science Founda-
tion (NSF), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Office of
Naval Research (ONR), and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR).
Space Studies Board, National Research Council. 2003. The Sun to the Earth—and Beyond: A Decada/
Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics, National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.
lx
OCR for page R10
x
THE SUN TO THE EARTH AND BEYOND: PANEL REPORTS
The Sun to the Earth—and Beyond is the report of the Solar and Space Physics
Survey Committee. It draws on the findings and recommendations of the five study
panels, as well as on the committee's own deliberations and on previous relevant NRC
reports. The report identifies broad scientific challenges that define the focus and thrust
~ ~ v
~ . . . . . ~ . . . . . . .
at solar and space physics research tor the decade 7(~(~;5 through 7(~-~ ;5, and it presents a
prioritized set of missions, facilities, and programs designed to address those challenges.
In preparing this report, the committee has considered the technologies needed to
support the research program that it recommends as well as the policy and programmatic
issues that influence the conduct of solar and space physics research. The committee has
also paid particular attention to the applied aspects of solar and space physics to the
important role that these fields play in a society whose increasing dependence on space-
based technologies renders it ever more vulnerable to "space weather." The report dis-
cusses each of these important topics technology needs, applications, and policy in
some detail. The Sun to the Earth—and Beyond also discusses the role of solar and space
physics research in education and examines the productive cross-fertilization that has
occurred between solar and space physics and related fields, in particular astrophysics
and laboratory plasma physics.
Each of the five study panels was charged with surveying its assigned subject area
and with preparing a report on its findings. The first three panels focused on the impor-
tant scientific goals within their respective disciplines and on the missions, facilities,
programs, technologies, and policies needed to achieve them. In contrast, the Panel on
Theory, Modeling, and Data Exploration addressed basic issues that transcend disciplin-
ary boundaries and that are relevant to all of the subdisciplines of solar and space
physics. The Panel on Education and Society examined a variety of issues related to both
formal and informal education, including the incorporation of solar and space physics
content in science instruction at all levels, the training of solar and space physicists at
colleges and universities, and public outreach. The reports of the panels will be pub-
lished in a separate volume titled The Sun to the Earth—and Beyond: Pane/ Reports.
In addition to the input from the five study panels, the committee also received
information at a 2-day workshop convened in August 2001 to examine in detail issues
relating to the transition from research models to operational models. Participants in the
workshop included members of the committee and representatives from the Air Force,
the Navy, NOAA, NSF, NASA, the U.S. Space Command, academia, and the private
sector.
The committee undertook its work intending to provide a community assessment of
the present state and future directions of solar and space physics research. To this end,
the committee and the panels engaged in a number of efforts to ensure the broad
involvement of all segments of the solar and space physics communities. These efforts
included town-meeting-like outreach events held at the May 2001 joint meeting of the
American Geophysical Union (AGU) and the American Astronomical Society's (AAS's)
Solar Physics Division2 and at spring and summer 2001 workshops of the following
programs: International Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP), Solar, Heliospheric, and Inter-
planetary Environment (SHINE), Coupling, Energetics, and Dynamics of Atmospheric
Regions (CEDAR), and Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM). Each of these outreach
events was well attended and provided the committee and panels with valuable guid-
ance, suggestions, and insights into the concerns of the solar and space physics commu-
nity. Additional community input came from presentations on science themes, missions,
and programs at panel meetings, from direct communication with individual panel and
committee members by phone and e-mail, and through Web sites and Web-based bulle-
tin boards established by two of the panels. Reports in the electronic newsletters of the
AGU's Space Physics and Aeronomy section and of the AAS's Solar Physics Division kept
2The AGU and the Solar Physics Division of the AAS are the two principal scientific organizations represent-
ing the solar and space physics community.
OCR for page R11
PREFACE
x
those communities informed of the progress of the study and encouraged their continued
involvement in the study process.
Each of the study panels met at least twice during the spring and summer of 2001.
The Panel on the Sun and Heliospheric Physics and the Panel on Education and Society
met three times. The committee met five times, three times in 2001 and twice in 2002.
The panel chairs and vice chairs participated in two of those meetings, during which they
presented their panels' recommendations and received comments and suggestions from
the committee.Thefinal set of scientific and mission, facility, and program priorities and
other recommendations was established by consensus at the committee's last meeting, in
May 2002.
The committee's final set of priorities and recommendations does not include all of
the recommendations made by the study panels, although it is consistent with them. Each
panel worked diligently to identify the compelling scientific questions in its subject area
and to set program priorities to address these questions. All of the recommendations
offered by the panels merit support; however, the committee took as its charge the
provision of a strategy for a strong, balanced national program in solar and space physics
for the next decade that could be carried out within what is currently thought to be a
realistic resource envelope. Difficult choices were inevitable, but the recommendations
presented in this report reflect the committee's best judgment, informed by the work of
the panels and discussions with the scientific community, about which programs are
most important for developing and sustaining the solar and space physics enterprise.
:i
OCR for page R12
OCR for page R13
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse
perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the
National Research Council's (NRC's) Report Review Committee. The purpose of this inde-
pendent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution
in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets
institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge.
The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity
of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of
this report:
The Sun and He/iospheric Physics
Loren W. Acton, Montana State University,
George Gloeckler, University of Maryland,
Leon Golub, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, and
Marcia Neugebauer, U n iversity of Arizona.
Solar Wind and Magnetosphere Interactions
Stanley W.H. Cowley, Leicester University, United Kingdom,
Barry H. Mauk, Johns Hopkins University,
Ted J. Rosenberg, U n iversity of Maryland, and
Jack D. Scudder, University of lowa.
Atmosphere-lonosphere-Magnetosphere Interactions
Larry Lyons, University of California, Los Angeles,
Stephen Mende, U n iversity of Cal if orn ia, Berkeley,
Michael Mendillo, Boston University,
Raymond G. Roble, National Center for Atmospheric Research, and
J. Hunter Waite, Jr., University of Michigan.
Theory, Modeling, and Data Exploration
Joseph B. G u rman, NASA Goddard Space Fl ight Center,
Lynn M. Kistler, University of New Hampshire,
Dana Longcope, Montana State University,
John D. Reppy, Cornell University, and
Robert J. Strangeway, University of California, Los Angeles.
. . .
x///
OCR for page R14
xlv
THE SUN TO THE EARTH AND BEYOND: PANEL REPORTS
Education and Society
Susana E. Deustua, American Astronomical Society,
Terry G. Forbes, University of New Hampshire,
Nicola Fox, Johns Hopkins University,
George Nelson, Western Washington University, and
Bruce Partridge, Haverford Col loge.
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments
and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations,
nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of the survey
committee report and the panel reports was overseen by Robert A. Frosch, Harvard
University, and Lennard A. Fisk, University of Michigan. Appointed by the National
Research Council, they were responsible for making certain that an independent exami-
nation of the survey and panel reports was carried out in accordance with institutional
procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for
the final content of each report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the
i nstitution.
OCR for page R15
REPORT OF TH E PAN EL ON TH E SU N AN D H ELIOSPH ERIC
PHYSICS
REPORT OF THE PANEL ON SOLAR WIND AND
MAGNETOSPHERE INTERACTIONS
3
APPENDIXES
~7
REPORT OF THE PANEL ON ATMOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE-
MAGNETOSPHERE INTERACTIONS
125
REPORT OF THE PANEL ON THEORY, MODELING, AND DATA 183
EXPLORATION
REPORT OF THE PANEL ON EDUCATION AND SOCIETY
A STATEMENT OF TASK
B ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
XV
211
239
241
OCR for page R16
