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OCR for page 115
THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 115
Rogers, of the University of Virginia, as director. From 1904 to 1906
a survey of the mineral resources was conducted jointly by the State
Board of Agriculture and Immigration and the Virginia Polytechnic
Institute, with Professor T. L. Watson as geologist in charge. With the
reorganization of the Virginia Geological Survey in 1908, Professor
Watson was appointed director, which position he held until his death
on November 10, 1924. (For information about these earlier Surveys,
see United States Geological Survey, Bulletin 465, 191.1.)
WASHINGTON *
The name of the geological survey organization for the State of NVash-
ington is Division of Geology. It was inaugurated at the time of the
adoption of the civil administrative code in 1921. The office has been
located since that time at Pullman, Washington, being housed with the
Department of Geology of the State College of Washington. All com-
munications may be addressed simply Pullman, Washington.
SCOPE OF ACTIVITIES
The scope of the functions of the Division as determined by the laws
of the State is the same under the present administrative code as under
the original establishment of the State Geological Survey of 1901. The
specified objects for the Survey were eight in number, as follows:
(1) An examination of the economic products of the State, viz., the
gold, silver, copper, lead, and iron ores, as well as building stones, clays,
coal and all mineral substances of value.
(2) An examination and classification of the soils, and the study of
their adaptability to particular crops.
(3) The investigation and report upon water supplies, artesian wells,
the water power of the State, gauging the streams, etc., with reference to
their application for irrigation and other purposes.
(4) An examination and report upon the occurrence of different
road building material.
(~) An examination of the physical features of the State with refer-
ence to their practical bearing upon the occupations of the people.
~ 6) The preparation of special geological and economic maps to
illustrate the resources of the State.
( 7 ) The preparation of special reports with necessary illustrations
and maps, which shall embrace both the general and detailed description
of the geology and natural resources of the State.
(8) The consideration of such other kindred scientific and economic
questions as in the judgment of the board shall be deemed of value to the
people of the State.
* Information furnished by Harold E. Culver, Supervisor, March, 1032.
OCR for page 116
116 THE STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS AND
ORGANIZATION
Under the present administrative code the Division of Geology is a
unit within the Department of Conservation and Development. The
affairs of this department are under the control of a, Director who has
power "to appoint and deputize a competent assistant, director to be
known as the Supervisor of Geology.,' With the small financial support
accorded the work of the Division under the present administration, it
has been the policy of the Director of the Department of Conservation
and Development to delegate very largely to the Supervisor the conduct
of the activities of the Division.
The present Supervisor of the Division of Geology is Harold E. Culver,
appointed by the present Director of the Department in 1925 for an
indefinite term of office. Under the present administration this appoint-
ment is largely ex officio, by virtue of the appointee's position as lIead of
the Department of Geology at the State College of Washington. Com-
pensa,tion is fixed by law as ten dollars per diem plus traveling expense
while engaged in field work, but under the ruling of the Board of Regents
of the State College, now obtaining, no per diem salary is receivable.
Compensation for field expenses is not prohibited.
Owing to present financial conditions, the assistants to the Supervisor
for clerical and drafting work are drawn largely from. the students of the
State College of Washington on a part-time basis. This employment
amounts to approximately one full-time assistant during the college year.
The geological assistants, utilized only during the field season, are
drawn from the faculties and students of the State College of Washing-
ton and the University of Washington. The staff members serve without
pay; the field assistants receive a small stipend. No chemical or metal-
lurgical work is carried on by the Division itself, all such work being
handled by the respective departments of the State College of lATa,sh-
ington.
Topographic work of the Division is carried on solely by cooperation
with the federal agencies.
APPROPRIATIONS
The appropriations for the past four fiscal years have been made
through the adoption of an approved budget for the Department of
Conservation and Development, an integral part of the budget of the
office of the Governor. No other funds are available. The appropriations
are made triennially and have amounted to $5,000 each for geological
survey and topographic survey. The topographic appropriation is ex-
pended under the cooperative agreement with the Topographic Branch
of the United States Geological Survey.
OCR for page 117
THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 117
For the biennium ending March 31, 1931, the appropriations were
lump sums without specification as to the details of expenditure, these
being subject to the approval of the Director of the Department of Con-
servation and Development. The appropriation covering the present
biennium was made as a lump sum for the whole Department, without
specification as to allotments for the divisions, but with specification as
to allotments for salaries and wages and for operation, in approximately
the ratio of fifteen to thirty-five.
The expenditures for administrative and routine clerical work, for
geologic work and miscellaneous activities are so irregular as not to
permit an accurate measurement of averages for each item. For the past
few years approximately sixty per cent of the biennial appropriation has
gone for geologic work; the remainder has very largely been devoted to
routine clerical work. All topographic work has been carried on under
cooperative agreement. lIence, the total appropriation has been so ex-
pended.
PUBLICATIONS
Since the present organization went into effect there have been pub-
lished six bulletins, all economic in character, and one Report of Investi-
gat.ions which was merely an abstract. of an unpublished bulletin. Since
1926, publication has been largely suspended on account of the lack of
adequate. funds. So far, no publications on subjects other than geology
have been prepared.
Funds should be increased about one hundred per cent to permit pub-
lication of material now available.
PRINCIPAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS SINCE lDll
Since 1911, which period includes one decade under the old geological
Survey organization and one under the new, there have been published
twenty-four bulletins, largely economic but including five which might
be classed as scientific or educational. Topographic work done under
cooperation, together with non-cooperatiye federal mapping, has brought
the total area satisfactorily mapped to a little more than fifty per cent
of the total area of the State.
PRESENT MAIN LINES OF WORK
For the balance of the present biennium there are no moneys avail-
a.ble for field work, and only. the absolutely essential expenditures are
authorized. The situation arises from the unusual mode of appropria
Representative terms from entire chapter:
state college
