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BULLETIN
OF THE
NATIONAL RESEARCH
February, 1931
PHYSICS OF TIlE EARTH II
THE FIG URE OF THE EAR'1'I]
A COLLECTION
COUNCIL
Number 78
OF SHORT PAPERS, WRITTEN BY LEADING SCIENTIFIC MEN IN
SEVERAL BRANCHES OF GEOPHYSICS, AND TREATING
OF THE SIZE AND SHAPE OF THE EARTH
This report was prepared under the auspices of the National Research Council
Committee on Physics of the Earth by the members of the following subcom-
mittees of the Subsidiary Committee on the :Fi~,ure of the Earth:
Subsidiary Committee on the Figure of the Earth. Fred E. V/right Chairman;
illiam Bowie, Vice-Chairmon.
Subcommittee on Tides! Ocean and Earth. G. T. Rude, Chairman; A. T.
Doodsion, W. D. Lambert. H. A. Marmer, Paul Schureman.
Subcommittee on Gravity, Deflection of the Vertical, and Isostasy. William
Bowie, Chairman; H. G. Avers, Donald C. Barton, Lyman J. Briggs, W. D.
Lambert, Andrew C. Lawson, C. X. Leith, D. L. Parkhurst, Clarence H. Swick,
Fred E. Wright.
Subcommittee on Variation of Latitude. Frank Schlesinger, Chairman; E. W.
Brown, NV. D. Lambert.
The Division of Physical Sciences, the Division of Geology and Geog
r aphy and the American Geophysical Union also cooperated in pi eparing this
report.
PUE3~:EST-TED BY TI[E NATIONAl, RESEAR.CTI COUNCIL
OF
TI~IE ~ ~TI:ON-~\E AC EDEMA OF SCIENCES
TVASO:rN-GTON-, D. C.
1931
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i
FOREWORD
be given to research
It is generally agreed that Snore attention should ~
in the middle grouted between the Sciences. Geophysics the study by
physical methods of the planet of which we live is a conspicuous instance
of such ~ middle-~rouncl science, since it shades offs: imperceptibly in one
or other direction into the fields of physics, astronomy, geology, to say
~ othin~ of biolo~,y, with wit ch the sub ject of oceanography is closely
connectecl. Some branches of geophysics, such as meteorology, terrestrial
magnetism, geodesy and oceanography have long had a more or less
independent existence, but it leas become increasingly clear that these
subjects, and many others, are all parts of geophysics. For various
reasons, among which may be mentioned the development of geophysical
methods in prospecting, for oil and ~i~erals, there has lately been ~ con-
siderable development calf interest in geophysics, but this development has
not been snatched lay the publication in English of systematic treatises on
the subject. With these ideas ill mind, Dr. J. S. Antes, during, his term as
Chairman of the Division o-E Physical Sciences of the National Research
Council, was instrumental in organizing, in 1926 a large committee to
prepare a series of Bulletins on The Physics of the Earth, the purpose
being " to give to the reader, presumably a scientist but not a specialist
in Else subject, an idea of its preselect status together with a Torward-
lool~ing sun nary ol- its outstancliną, prol~le~s."
In clue course sul~-com~ittees were :for~necl to prepare reports on the
following subjects:
The Fi~urc of the Earth
: Gravity, Deflection of the Vertical and
Isostasy
Tides, Ocean. and Earth
Variation of Latitude
Seismology:
Terrestrial Magnetism
The Age of the Edith
Field Methods for Det.ec tiny Unhomogeneitie~
in the Earth's Crust
Internal Constitution of the Earthly
Meteorology
Oceanography
Volcanology
That this project, as ambitious as it is important, is now coming to
fruition with the pul)lication of these Bulletins is due partly to the skill
and farsightedness with which Dr. Ames selected the committee and
. . .
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1V
FORE WORD
assisted in outlining its program; partly to the care and interest with
which Dr. Ames' successor, Professor Dayton C. Miller, directed the
comn~ittee's activities during his terns as Chairman of' the Division; and.
particularly to the devotion with which the Chairmen and, members of
the several sub-con~mittees have carried out their respective a.ssią,nn~ents.
The hearty thanks of:' the National Research Council ancl of the readers
of these Bulletins is due to the several authors for their e-tI'orts.
The volumes will appear serially in the Bulletin Series of' the National
Research Council, with no particular regard cas to sequence, each-volume
being issued when ready.
