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JAY LAURENCE LUSH
January 3, 1896—May 1, 1982
BY ARTHUR B. CHAPMAN
A Y BEAU RE N C E ~ U S H macle the following autobiographi-
~J Cal statement in ~ 967~:
I was born in a log house on a farm in southwestern Iowa tSham-
baugh], the second of six children.... My father was born in Canada. His
parents were brought as children from southern England. My mother's
father came from northern Ireland, but her mother was of old American
stock, Scotch and Scotch-Irish in origin.
In our home we read many books of the kinds which were still consid-
ered classics around 1900 to 1910. Although money was scarce, we always
had enough to eat, plenty to read, and clothing enough to keep warm. I
went to an ungraded country school and entered a high school in Kansas
at the age of 11. At Kansas State Agricultural College (now Kansas State
University) I majored in animal husbandry. Mathematics was easy but not
intriguing. History, physical geography, geology and parts of chemistry
and biology were most interesting. I was active in debating. About 1914 I
got my first intriguing glimpses of genetics. Also I encountered several
interesting, friendly and challenging professors, mostly in biology or some
,. . . .
at Its app lcatlons.
After receiving the B.S. degree in 1916, I taught agriculture and
chemistry in a Kansas High School for a year; then returned to KSU for
my Master's degree and an apprenticeship in agricultural research. My first
contribution to science was an article printed in the./ournal of Heredity
12:57 - 71 in 1921. This was what I then thought was worth publishing
from my Master's degree.
I spent nine months in the Air Force immediately after receiving the
' Autobiographical statement, National Academy of Sciences, 1967.
277
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278
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
M.S. degree and I was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the reserve
in February of 1919. I installed the Smith-Hughes program of agricultural
instruction in another Kansas High School in the early part of 1919. I went
to the University of Wisconsin in June of 1919 to do more graduate study
In genetics.
Immediately after finishing my Ph.D. work there t1922], I went to the
Texas Agricultural Experiment Station at College Station, Texas.
An important bit of Lush's personal history for the follow-
ing year 1923- was his marriage to Adaline Lincoln. Mrs.
Lush, a second cousin once removed of Abraham Lincoln, is
a truly remarkable person. She gracluated from high school
at the age of thirteen and from the University of Arkansas at
sixteen; she then earner! a master's clegree at the University
of Chicago at age seventeen. In an aware! speech given when
Lush was being honoree] at the Poultry Breeders Rouncitable
meeting in 1969, the speaker, Arthur Heisclorf, made this
remark about Mrs. Lush: "l think she is the person who has
been the secret catalyst twho] has sparked Dr. Lush onto the
accomplishments he has made." To this tribute should be
aciclect how important a role she has taken as a gracious host-
ess ant! "foster mother" to countless students. She also found
time—and had the ability—to teach French, German, Italian,
Latin, and Spanish to private pupils; to concluct a number of
trips to Europe; and to be active in a number of organiza-
tions. She was namect Iowa Mother of the Year in 1963. Dr.
and Mrs. Lush have a daughter, Mary Elizabeth Hausrath, a
son, David Alan, and seven surviving grandchil(lren.
Lush's history, as recounted by him in 1967, continues
below:
For more than eight years I did research in animal husbandry [in Texas].
Most of that pertained to animal breeding, but some of it was in other
areas of animal production. The necessities of the research drew me fur-
ther into biometry. In January of 1930 I came to Iowa State University
(then Iowa State College) as Professor in the Department of Animal Hus-
bandry to do research and teaching in Animal Breeding.... All of my
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JAY LAURENCE LUSH
279
work has hinged around finding ways to apply genetics more efficiently in
improving animals and plants. For these purposes I used many biometrical
tools developed by others and for myself made a few minor innovations
in those. Most of my discoveries were small ones, usually growing out of
some actual problem in application. These are put together in some 200
research papers and in my textbook, Animal Breeding Plans F1937] which
has sold more than 22,000 copies. It is currently being printed in its fourth
language [Spanish; earlier in Polish, Portugese, and Rumanian]. Perhaps
the most important single paper was one in the American Naturalist in 1947
entitled "Family merit and individual merit as bases for selection."
In 1972 a symposiums was held in his honor. All the pa-
pers presented except one by Lush himself, "Teaching Ani-
mal Breeding ant! Training Graduate Students" (1973), were
by Lush's former students or one-time colleagues at Iowa
State University. These papers reflect the high esteem in
which Lush was hell! as research worker, teacher, and hu-
man being by those who knew him best. The deep insight
ant! extensive coverage given by these papers to Lush's life
ant! contributions to his chosen field have led me to quote
extensively from them in this biographical memoir.
A former student, R. R. Shrode, introcluced the sympo-
sium and captured the essence of Lush's contributions:
In effect, the field of Animal Breeding is a program of intellectual
"linebreeding" to Lush.
It is with tremendous professional respect and personal affection for
our honoree that we dedicate this Symposium to our friend and teacher,
lay L. Lush, who has contributed more than any other individual, directly
and indirectly through his many students, toward the continuing evolution
of Animal Breeding from an art into a science.3
2 The Animal Breeding and Genetics Symposium in honor of Dr. Jay L. Lush,
sponsored jointly by the American Society of Animal Science, American Dairy Sci-
ence Association, and Poultry Science Association, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and
State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, July 29, 1972 (1973). Copies of the sympo-
sium proceedings may be obtained from Business Office, American Society of An-
imal Science, 309 West Clark St., Champaign, Illinois 61820.
3 R. R. Shrode, "Introduction Why We Are Here," in Proceedings of the Animal
Breeding and Genetics Symposium in Honor of Dr. jay L. Lush, American Society of
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280
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
An Iowa State University colleague, A. E. Freeman
phrased it this way:
As problems arose and could be defined in a mathematical or statistical
sense, he and his students found answers to them in a way useful to im-
proving domestic animals. The emphasis on breeding plans did not pre-
clude interest and work on problems of a more theoretical nature. He
clearly contributed to problems of almost purely theoretical interest, at
least at the time; but it is safe to say that most of this work was started by
seeing an actual problem arise that generated the germ of an idea for the
theoretical work.... Dr. Lush's special interest in animal breeding was
definitely aroused in 1914 by the teaching and enthusiasm of E. N. Went-
worth Esee Lush's obituary for Wentworth (1962) and his response during
the dedication of the Jay L. Lush Auditorium at Iowa State (1974~] who
was later his major professor for the M.S. degree fat Kansas State Agri-
cultural College]....
flush] continued his graduate training at the University of Wisconsin
under the direction of Dr. L. I. Cole. Though it may now seem a bit
strange, Dr. Lush was a physiologist. His Ph.D. thesis was "The possibility
of sex control by artificial insemination with centrifuged spermatozoa"
(Lush, 1925~. He didn't succeed in this venture, but neither has anyone
since. His interest in measurement and use of statistical tools was clear in
this work. The data were arrayed by expected sources of variability, cor-
relation coefficients were computed and probable errors were used to help
determine if associations were real. Also, he fit normal curves to distribu-
tions of sperm head length measurements and tested these for goodness
of fit. So, even as a physiologist, Dr. Lush's interest in measurement and
statistics was evident.4
G. E. Dickerson, a former colleague at Iowa State Univer-
sity, referred in his symposium paper to the influence Sewall
Wright's work had on Bushes biological and statistical think-
~ng:
Animal Science, American Dairy Science Association, and Poultry Science Associa-
tion, Blacksburg, Virginia, July 29, 1972 (1973), p. iii.
4 A. Freeman, "Genetic Statistics in Animal Breeding," in Proceedings of the Animal
Breeding and Genetics Symposium in Honor of Dr. jay L. Lush, American Society of
Animal Science, American Dairy Science Association, and Poultry Science Associa-
tion, Blacksburg, Virginia, July 29, 1972 (1973), pp. 1, 2, 3.
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JAY LAURENCE LUSH
281
How packed with meaning this subject fInbreeding and Heterosis in
Animals] is for animal breeders! And how greatly our understanding of
the potential usefulness of inbreeding and heterosis in animal improve-
ment has expanded during the last four decades as a result of the research,
writing and teaching of Dr. Jay Laurence Lush! While Dr. Lush was busy
at Texas A&M from 1922 to 1930 publishing studies of inheritance and
performance evaluation, he must also have been studying Sewall Wright's
interpretations of the U.S.D.A. inbreeding and crossbreeding work with
guinea pigs (19221.5 This seems clear from his 1927 paper clarifying the
limitations of "percentage of blood" in describing genetic likeness, partic-
ularly among collateral relatives and from the subsequent series with his
students and collaborators on the amount and kind of inbreeding, occur-
ring during breed development in cattle, sheep and swine (1932 to 1939,
1946), using the technique of Wright and McPhee (1925~6 for sampling
random lines of ancestry.
When Dr. Lush arrived at Iowa State in 1930, earlier experiments with
full-sib inbreeding in swine at Iowa and elsewhere had been discontinued
due to loss of fertility. However, Wright's theoretical analyses and some
results with guinea pigs (1921,7 1922S) had indicated that selection might
be able to offset unfavorable effects of milder inbreeding and that inbreed-
ing was a powerful tool for creating genetic diversity among lines.
This led Dr. Lush to initiate an experiment in 1930 comparing intense
and mild linebreeding in pigs, with concurrent individual and progeny
test selection. During this same period (1933), Lush's famous bulletin on
linebreeding was published. It eloquently stated the case for subdivision
of breeds into many lines, each mildly linebred to carefully selected ances-
tors, with continuous elimination of the poorer ones and recombining of
better ones, closely paralleling Wright's (193119 ideas on optimum popu-
lation structure for evolution.~°
5 S. Wright, "The Effects of Inbreeding and Crossbreeding on Guinea Pigs," U.S.
Department of Agriculture Bulletin, lO90(parts 1 and 2, 1922); 1121 (part 3, 1922).
6 S. Wright and H. C. McPhee, "Approximate Method of Calculating Coefficients
of Inbreeding and Relationship from Livestock Pedigrees," I. Agric. Res. (Washington,
D. C.), 31 (1925): 377-83.
7 S. Wright, "Systems of Mating," Genetics, 6(1921): 111-78.
~ S. Wright, "Effects of Inbreeding and Crossbreeding," 1090.
9 S. Wright, "Evolution in Mendelian Populations," Genetics, 16(1931):97-159.
t° G. E. Dickerson, "Inbreeding and Heterosis in Animals," in Proceedings of the
Animal Breeding and Genetics Symposium in Honor of Dr. jay L. Lush, American Society
of Animal Science, American Dairy Science Association, and Poultry Science Asso-
ciation, Blacksburg, Virginia, July 29, 1972 (1973), pp. 54-77.
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282
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
Freeman also pointed to Sewall Wright's influence on
Lush's thinking: "Lush commuted tin 1931] to the University
of Chicago to audit Sewall Wright's course in Statistical Ge-
netics and other Zoological courses there. The influence of
this training and these visits with Dr. Wright on Dr. Lush's
teaching and research is evident." Lush said, at the Poultry
Breeders Roundtable in 1969: "Those were by far the most
fruitful ten weeks ~ ever had."
R. A. Fisher's work was also caller! on frequently by Lush,
as Freeman states: "Before about 1930, the primary statistical
tools used in animal breeding were correlation anc! regres-
sion methods. R. A. Fisher lecturect at {owe State through
the summers of 1931 and 1936. Fisher's work greatly ad-
vanced the knowlecige and use of statistics. Dr. Lush was
unique in combining the work of both Fisher and Wright to
solve animal breeding problems."
In what specific areas of animal breeding were Lush's con-
tributions macle? Freeman notes the following:
Many of his early papers explored husbandry problems; others con-
sidered the mode of inheritance of qualitative traits; some were concerned
with measurement and description of economically important traits; and
others are clearly a start of current-day animal breeding theory. In the
early years, the first three types of papers were more numerous than the
last type. Of course, this changed. As Dr. Lush was confronted with ques-
tions that stemmed from practical problems, he tried to answer them from
the existing knowledge in classical genetics, plant breeding or allied theory.
If existing knowledge did not yield an acceptable answer, he used statistical
methods to better describe problems or relations existing between traits,
then put this statistical description into a form usable by the breeder....
Many of Dr. Lush's publications from 1926 to 1930 could be described as
developing and using more accurate ways to measure quantitative traits.'3
Lush undertook studies using records collected on swine,
dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep, goats, poultry, and honeybees.
" Freeman, "Genetic Statistics," p. 4, 5.
|2 Ibid., p. 5.
|3 Ibid., p. 3, 4.
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JAY LAURENCE LUSH
283
In 1930 he also initiated an experiment on "closed-herd" se-
lection in dairy cattle as well as the one on selection and in-
breeding in swine. Both of these long-term experiments pro-
vided data for many M.S. and Ph.D. theses and resulted in
major contributions to the field of animal breeding.
R. W. Touchberry, another former student, gives a de-
tailed discussion in his symposium papery of "some of the
pertinent points in a few of what ~ [Touchberry] consider to
be his LLush's] most important papers." For those who are
familiar with the terminology of genetics, statistics, and ani-
mal breeding, Touchberry's paper provides a summary of
many of Lush's contributions to the field. ~ will attempt to
give the essence of these contributions.
There is one paper (Lush, 1947) that serves well as a pro-
totype for many of his papers. It is also the one that Lush
considered his "most important single paper." It can be used
to illustrate his way of thinking about a problem and how
that approach leads to a solution.
The study began, as did so many of Lush's projects, with
a practical problem: "how much attention ought to be paid
to the merits and defects of litter mates when choosing boars
and gilts to use for breeding." The problem developed into
the more general one of asking how much a population mean
would be changed by selecting on individual performance
alone versus selecting on family merit alone versus selecting
on a combination of the two.
How did Lush approach this and similar problems? He
started with the fundamental principles of genetics; then, by
invoking a deductive argument, he gave them effect through
the use of the tools of population genetics (discontinuous
classes, qualitative differences) and biometrical genetics (con-
'4 R. W. Touchberry, "The Life and Contributions of Dr. lay Laurence Lush," in
Proceedings of the Animal Breeding and Genetics Symposium in Honor of Dr..Jay L. Lush,
American Society of Animal Science, American Dairy Science Association, and Poul-
try Science Association, Blacksburg, Virginia, July 29, 1972 (1973), p. 89.
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284
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
sinuous distributions, quantitative or measurement differ-
ences). In this American Naturalist paper, Lush points out:
"The process of selection consists only of predicting the
breeding value Genetic make-up or transmitting ability for
the trait under consideration of each individual which Is
being considered and then keeping it or culling it on the basis
of that prediction. If the same fraction of the population
must be saved but there is a choice of bases on which selection
may be macle, then the difference in results depends only on
how accurately each inctividual's breeding value can be pre-
clictect from each of these bases."~5
In comparing the three bases of selection in this paper,
Figure ~ is usect as a graphic way of looking at the interre-
lationships between the variables. The arrows in this diagram
react from "cause" to "erect," and the value attached to each
one is clefinect as a path coefficient (stanclarcI partial regres-
sion coefficient) by Sewall Wright, who developecI this pro-
ceclure.~6 The bictirectional arrows refer to simple correla-
tions between the variables. In this diagram Pj stancts for the
phenotype Observed measured value) of an individual, i; Y.
the average phenotype of a family; Gi, the breeding value of
an incliviclual (average effects of the genes it contains Fish-
er's "expected value"~71; W. the factors other than Gj that af-
fect each Pi in a family the same way but may diner from
family to family; Ui, the factors other than Gi that affect Pi
but that are no more alike for members of the same family
than they are for individuals that belong to different families;
.
15 J. L. Lush, "Family Merit and Individual Merit as Bases for Selection," American
Naturalist, 81 (1947) :243 - 44.
t6 S. Wright, "On the Nature of Size Factors," Genetics, 3(1918):367-74; "Corre-
lation and Causation," Journal of Agricultural Research (Washington, D.C.),
20(1921):557-85; "The Method of Path Coefficients," Annals of Mathematical Statis-
tics, 5(1934):161-215.
]7 R. A. Fisher, The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection (New York: Oxford Uni-
versity Press, 1930).
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JAY LAURENCE LUSH
Uj
,' G - 9
/T'
`,
2
1\
r
9
n
rGP g
rG
t;12
1 +(n-1)r
p
1 + (n - 1 It]
rpy= ~ 1+(n—1)t
t = r =92r+r2
285
\
-
A
FIGURE 1 Path coefficient diagram of biometrical relations involved in
mass, family, and combination selection.
Source:.T. L. Lush, "Family Merit and Individual Merit as Bases for Selec-
tion," part I, American Naturalist, 81(~1947~:246.
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286
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
and r, the correlation between the breeding values of mem-
bers of a family (Wright's relationship coefficients.
The algebra to which this approach leads has been spelled
out by Wright (see note 16) in a form that relates correlation
coefficients to their path coefficient components. Some of the
pertinent correlations in terms of path coefficients are
given below the diagram in Figure I. The correlations (rap,
ray, and rot) reflect the relative progress expected under the
three methods of selection, "where ~ is the index or most
probable breeding value of an individual, as estimated from
the optimum linear combination of attention to its own phe-
notype and attention to the average phenotype of the family
to which it belongs." The phenotypic correlation between
members of a family is clenotect by t.
As an example of the use that can be macle of these cor-
relations in terms of their path coefficient components, let's
look at the make-up of rap and ray. If selection is practiced
on family average (Y) alone, the progress ma(le would be
expected to be ~+(n-I)r/~/nt!+(n-I)t] times as rapicl as
mass selection (selection on incliviclual performance); that is,
rely = gEl+(n—I)r]/~/ntI+(n-~)tJ versus rap= g, where
g = the path of influence from G to P or the square root of
heritability (the portion of the phenotypic variance due to
genetic differences between inclivicluals), and n = the num-
ber of inctividuals in the family. By inserting the values for g,
n, r, and t that apply in a particular case, the difference in
predictive value for transmitting ability from Y and P be-
comes evident.
As a graphic representation of the relative effectiveness
of the three methods of selection, Lush (1947) gives the fol-
lowing diagram (Figure 2) for a case where n = 21. The
progress from mass selection is represented! by a level plane
'8 S. Wright, "Coefficients of Inbreeding and Relationship," American Naturalist,
56( 1 922) :330-38.
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JAY LAURENCE LUSH
295
Inheritance of horns, wattles, and color in grade Toggenburg
goats. I. Hered., 17:72-91.
With W. H. Black. How much accuracy is gained by weighing cattle
three days instead of one at the beginning and end of feeding
experiments. Proc. Am. Soc. Anim. Prod., 1926:206-10.
1927
"Percentage of blood" and Mendelism. i. Hered., 1 8 :35 1- 67.
Practices and problems involved in crossbreeding cattle in the
Coastal Plain of Texas. Proc. Am. Soc. Anim. Prod., 1927:58-
61.
With I. M. tones. A statistical interpretation of some Texas lamb
feeding data. Proc. Am. Soc. Anim. Prod., 1927: 167-70.
1928
Changes in body measurements of steers during intensive fatten-
ing. Tex. Stn. Bull. 385.
With F. W. Christensen, C. V. Wilson, and W. H. Black. The accu-
racy of cattle weights. I. Agric. Res., 36:551-80.
1929
With W. H. Black and A. T. Semple. The use of dressed beef ap-
praisals in measuring the market desirability of beef cattle. I.
Agric. Res., 39: 147 - 62.
Atavism in Jersey cattle. I. Hered., 20:381-83.
Twins in Jersey cattle. i. Hered., 20:510 -13.
With I. M. tones. The inheritance of cryptorchidism. Proc. Am.
Soc. Anim. Prod., 1929:57-61.
1930
"Duck-legged" cattle on Texas ranches. J. Hered., 21:84-90.
With I. M. tones and W. H. Dameron. The inheritance of cryptor-
chidism in goats. Tex. Stn. Bull. 407.
With I. M. tones, W. H. Dameron, and O. L. Carpenter. Normal
growth of range cattle. Tex. Stn. Bull. 409.
With O. C. Copeland. A study of the accuracy of measurements of
dairy cattle. I. Agric. Res., 41:37-49.
Earlessness in Karakul sheep. J. Hered., 21:107-12.
"Nervous" goats. J. Hered., 21 :242-47.
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296
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
How farm animals inherit. (Review of Christian Wriedt's Heredity
in Live Stock. ~ J.. Hered., 21 :306 -8.
1931
Interpreting the results of group feeding experiments. Proc. Am.
Soc. Anim. Prod., 1930:44-55.
The number of daughters necessary to prove a sire. }. Dairy Sci.,
14:209-20.
Predicting gains in feeder cattle and pigs. I. Agric. Res., 42:853-
81.
1932
Genetic aspects of the record of performance work with swine.
Proc. Am. Soc. Anim. Prod., 1931:51-62.
With M. D. Lacy. The ages of breeding cattle and the possibilities
of using proven sires. Iowa Stn. Bull. 290.
With M. D. Lacy. How old are your bulls and cows and what dif-
ference does it make? (Abridged ed. Iowa Stn. Bull. 290.) Iowa
Stn. Bull. 290A.
An empirical test of the approximate method of calculating coef-
ficients of inbreeding and relationship from livestock pedi-
grees. J. Agric. Res., 456:565-69.
With A. B. Chapman. Twinning, sex-ratios, and genetic variability
in birth weight in sheep. I. Hered., 23:473-78.
The relation of body shape of feeder steers to rate of gain, to
dressing percent, and to value of dressed carcass. Tex. Stn. Bull.
471.
The amount and kind of inbreeding which has occurred in the
development of breeds of livestock. In: Proceedings of the Sixth
International Congress of Genetics, vol. 2, pp. 123-26. Menasha,
Wisc.: Brooklyn Botanic Garden.
Mutton, and how it gets that way. (Review of John Hammond's
Growth and the Development of Mutton Qualities in the Sheep.) J.
Hered., 23:312 - 14.
1933
With W. F. Dickson. Inbreeding and the genetic history of the Ram-
bouillet sheep in America. i. Hered., 24:19-33.
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JAY LAURENCE LUSH
297
The use of statistical methods in animal husbandry. Proc. Am. Soc.
Anim. Prod., 1932, 15-29.
Linebreeding. Iowa Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 301.
With P. B. Pearson. A linebreeding program for horse breeding. I.
Hered., 24: 185 -91.
The bull index problem in the light of modern genetics. I. Dairy
Sci., 16:501-22.
1934
With A. L. Anderson, C. C. Culbertson, and W. E. Hammond. The
reliability of some measures of productiveness in brood sows.
Proc. Am. Soc. Anim. Prod., 1933:282-87.
With Mogens Plum. Freshening ages of purebred cows in Iowa cow
testing associations. I. Dairy Sci., 17:625-38.
With G. M. Harris and E. N. Shultz. Progress report on comparison
of lactation and yearly records. J. Dairy Sci., 17:737-42.
With W. H. Black and A. T. Semple. Beef production and quality
as influenced by crossing Brahman with Hereford and Short-
horn cattle. U.S. Dep. Agric. Tech. Bull. 417.
A herd of cattle bred for twenty years without new blood. I. Hered.,
25:209-16.
With H. O. Hetzer and C. C. Culbertson. Factors affecting birth
weights of swine. Genetics, 19: 329-43.
1935
Progeny test and individual performance as indicators of an an
mar's breeding value. J. Dairy Sci., 18: 1-19.
The inheritance of productivity in farm live stock. V. Discussion of
preceding contributions. Emp. l. Exp. Agric., 3:25-30.
1936
With I. C. Holbert and O. S. Willham. Genetic history of the
Holstein-Friesian cattle in the United States. I. Hered., 27:61-
72.
Genetics and animal breeding. (Review of C. Kronacher's Genetik
and Tierzuchtung.~. Hered., 27:201-3.
Genetic aspects of the Danish system of progeny-testing swine.
Iowa Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Bull. 204.
With B. H. Thomas, C. C. Culbertson, and F. I. Beard. Variations
OCR for page 298
298
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
in the softness of lard produced in the record performance
testing. Proc. Am. Soc. Anim. Prod., 1936:258-59.
1937
With Dorsa M. Yoder. A genetic history of the Brown Swiss cattle
in the United States. I. Hered., 28:154-60.
Identical twins in cattle. (Review of C. Kronacher's Neue Ergebnisse
der Zwillingsforschung beim Rind.) At Hered., 28:415-18.
Animal Breeding Plans. Ames, Iowa: The Collegiate Press.
With A. E. Molln. The degree to which litter size is a constant
characteristic of sows. Proc. Am. Soc. Anim. Prod., 1937:133-
37.
1938
With Earl N. Shultz. Pedigree promise and progeny test among
sires proved in Iowa Cow Testing Associations. l. Dairy Sci.,
21 :421-32.
Teaching animal breeding. Proc. Am. Soc. Anim. Prod., 1938: 175-
80.
1939
With P. S. Shearer and C. C. Culbertson. Crossbreeding hogs for
pork production. Iowa Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 380.
With }. C. Berry. High records contrasted with unselected records
and with average records as a basis for selecting cows. I. Dairy
Sci., 22:607-17.
With A. L. Anderson. A genetic history of Poland-China swine. I.
Hered., 30: 149-56,219-24.
President's address. Proc. Am. Soc. Anim. Prod., 1939:11-18.
1940
intra-sire correlations or regressions of offspring on dam as a
method of estimating heritability of characteristics. Proc. Am.
Soc. Anim. Prod., 1940:293-301.
With D. M. Seath. "Nicking" in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 23:103-
13.
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JAY LAURENCE LUSH
299
1941
With H. W. Norton III and Floyd Arnold. Effects which selection
of dams may have on sire indexes. i. Dairy Sci., 24:695-721.
With P. S. Shearer and C. C. Culbertson. Crossbreeding hogs?
Farm Sci. Rep., January:8-11.
Applications of genetics to animal breeding. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci.,
48:65 - 72. (Also in Portuguese in: Ceres EBrazil], 6~19441:44-
51.)
1942
With L. N. Hazel. The efficiency of three methods of selection. I.
Hered., 33:393-99.
With F. S. Straus. The heritability of butterfat production in dairy
cattle. I. Dairy Sci., 25:975-82.
With A. E. Molln. Litter size and weight as permanent character-
istics of sows. U.S. Dep. Agric. Tech. Bull. 836.
With H. H. Stonaker. Heritability of conformation in Poland-China
swine as evaluated by scoring. I. Anim. Sci., 1:99-105.
With Leslie E. Johnson. Repeatability of type ratings in dairy cattle.
J. Dairy Sci., 25:45-56.
1943
Animal Breeding Plans, 2d ed. Ames, Iowa: The Collegiate Press.
1944
The optimum emphasis on dam's records when proving dairy sires.
J. Dairy Sci., 27:937 - 51.
Are better hogs coming? Farm Sci. Rep., April:3-6.
1945
Animal Breeding Plans, 3d ed. Ames, Iowa: The Collegiate Press.
1946
Chance as a cause of changes in gene frequency within pure breeds
of livestock. Am. Nat., 80:318-42.
With G. E. Dickerson and C. C. Culbertson. Hybrid vigor in single
crosses between inbred lines of Poland-China swine. I. Anim.
Sci., 5:16-24.
With Roberto M. Miranda and C. C. Culbertson. Factors affecting
OCR for page 300
300
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
rate of gain and their relation to allotment of pigs for feeding
trials. J. Anim. Sci., 5:243-50.
Out on first record? Iowa Farm Sci., January: 6-7.
With R. C. Cook. Genetics for the millions. (Review of Dunn and
Dobzhansky's Heredity, Race and Society.) ]. Hered., 38:299-305.
1947
With Robert R. Shrode. The genetics of cattle. Adv. Genet.,1 :209-
61.
With Raul Brequet, Jr. Heritability of amount of spotting in Hol-
stein-Friesian cattle. J. Hered., 38:98-105.
Family merit and individual merit as bases for selection. Am. Nat.,
81 :241-61, 362-79.
1948
With G. G. Carneiro. Variations in yield of milk under the pen
keeping system in Brazil. J. Dairy Sci., 31 :203-11.
With W. F. Lamoreux and L. N. Hazel. The heritability of resistance
to death in the fowl. Poult. Sci., 27~41:375-88.
The genetics of populations. Mimeo. 381 pp.
1949
Heritability of quantitative characters in farm animals. In: Proceed-
ings of the Eighth International Genetics Congress, pp. 356-75.
Lund: Berlingska Boktryckeriet.
Ernest W. Lindstrom, 1891-1948. J. Hered., 40~2) :44-46.
The algebra of genetics. (Review of C. C. Li's An Introduction to
Population Genetics.) J. Hered., 40: 156.
1950
With R. W. Touchberry. The accuracy of linear body measurements
of dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 33~1~:72-80.
Inheritance of susceptibility to mastitis. I. Dairy Sci.,33~2~:121-25.
With R. H. Nelson. The effects of mild inbreeding on a herd of
Holstein-Friesian cattle. I. Dairy Sci., 33:186-93.
With R. R. Shrode. Changes in milk production with age and milk-
ing frequency. J. Dairy Sci., 33~5~:338-57.
Review of R. A. Fisher's "The Theory of Inbreeding." Am. J. Hum.
Genet., 2~1~:97-100.
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JAY LAURENCE LUSH
301
With Martin Polhemus and Walter C. Rothenbuhler. Mating sys-
tems in honey bees. J. Hered., 4 1 (6~: 1 5 1-55.
With L. N. Hazel. Computing inbreeding and relationship coeffi-
cients from punched cards. I. Hered., 41:301-6.
1951
Summary. (Symposium on selection, Chicago, November 1949.) J.
Anim. Sci., 10:18 - 21.
The impact of genetics on animal breeding. A general invitation
review and forecast. I. Anim. Sci., 10~2~:311-21.
Inbreeding and outbreeding as practiced with poultry. In: Proceed-
ings of the Fourth Pacific Northwest Chicken and Turkey Breeders
Roundtable, pp. 11-18. Mimeographed.
Numbers of sires, dams and progeny required for reliable progeny
testing. In: Proceedings of the Fourth Pacific Northwest Chicken and
Turkey Breeders Roundtable, pp. 68-74. Mimeographed.
1952
With Walter R. Harvey. Genetic correlation between type and pro-
duction in Jersey cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 35~3~:199-213.
How dominance and gene interaction modify the effectiveness of
breeding plans. In: Proceedings of the First Poultry Breeders
Roundtable, pp. 15-25. Mimeographed.
1954
Breeding structure of populations. I. General considerations. In:
Statistics and Mathematics in Biology, pp. 537-42. Ames: Iowa
State College Press.
With J. E. Legates. A selection index for fat production in dairy
cattle: Utilizing the fat yields of the cow and her close relatives.
I. Dairy Sci., 37~6~:744 - 53.
With G. G. Carneiro. Reproductive rates and growth of purebred
Brown Swiss cattle in Brazil. J. Dairy Sci., 37:1145-57.
Rates of genetic changes in populations of farm animals. In: Pro-
ceedings of the Ninth International Congress of Genetics, vol. 6,
Suppl., pp. 589-99. Florence: Ex. Officina Typographica Flo-
rent~na.
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302
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
1955
Estimates of heritability in breeding problems. In: Breeding Beef
Cattle Adapted to Unfavorable Environments, King Ranch Centen-
nial, pp. 113-26. Austin: University of Texas Press.
With Lon D. McGilliard. Proving sires and dams. {. Dairy Sci.,
38: 163-80.
With D. E. Madden and L. D. McGilliard. Relations between parts
of lactations and producing ability of Holstein cows. l. Dairy
Sci., 38~11~: 1264-71.
Gene action as related to physiological characteristics. In: Proceed-
ings of the Fourth Poultry Breeders Roundtable, pp. 7-23. Mimeo-
graphed.
Statistics in investigations in animal production. I. Ind. Soc. Agric.
Stat., 7:7-22.
1956
Dairy cattle genetics. i. Dairy Sci., 39~6~:693-94.
With L. D. McGilliard. Changes in type classifications of dairy
cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 39~7~: 1015-26.
Answer to query about repeatability of number at a birth. Biomet-
rics, 12~1~:84-88.
Theoretical consequences of breeding for the heterozygote. In:
Proceedings of the Fifth Poultry Breeders Roundlable, pp. 3-26. Mi-
meographed.
Recent advances in animal breeding. In: Proceedings of the Western
Section, American Society of Animal Production, pp.20-21. Mimeo-
graphed.
1957
With David E. Anderson and Doyle Chambers. Studies on bovine
ocular squamous carcinoma. II. Relationship between eyelid
pigmentation and occurrence of cancer eye lesions. }. Anim.
Sci., 16:739-46.
With David E. Anderson and Doyle Chambers. Studies on bovine
ocular squamous carcinoma. III. Inheritance of eyelid pigmen-
tation. I. Anim. Sci., 16: 1007-16.
With C. E. Meadows. Twinning in dairy cattle and its relation to
production. J. Dairy Sci., 40: 1430 - 36.
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JAY LAURENCE LUSH
303
1958
With C. M. van Krosigk. Effect of inbreeding on production in
Holsteins. J. Dairy Sci., 41: 105-13.
Practical applications of performance testing. The Shorthorn
World, 43~111:44, 318-21.
Genetics in plant and animal breeding. (Translated title.)
Tolvmandsbladet, 30(10) :403 -9.
With D. W. Blackmore and L. D. McGilliard. Genetic relations be-
tween body measurements at three ages in Holsteins. I. Dairy
Sci., 41: 1045-49.
With D. W. Blackmore and L. D. McGilliard. Relationships between
body measurements, meat conformation, and milk production.
.DairySci.,41:1050 - 56.
1959
With F. Pirchner. Genetic and environmental portions of the vari-
ation among herds in butterfat production. I. Dairy Sci.,
42:115-22.
Making use of new knowledge about basic principles. In: Proceed-
ings of the Eighth Poultry Breeders Roundlable, pp. 141-55. Mimeo-
graphed.
With Ivar Johansson. Zucht- und selektionsmethoden. In: Hand-
buch der Tiersuchtung, vol. 2, pp. 383-473.
1960
.
Improving dairy cattle by breeding. I. Current status and outlook.
I. Dairy Sci., 43:702-6.
1961
With John D. Wheat. Accuracy of partial trapnest records. Poult.
Sci., 40(2):399-406.
Mejoramiento Animal. Publicacion Tecnica no. 6. Buenos Aires:
CAFADE.
Selection indexes for dairy cattle. Z. Tierz., 75~3~:249-261.
Large farm animals. Germ Plasm Resour., 66:127 - 36.
Der Sinn und die Bedeutung des Erblichkeitsanteiles. In: Vortrage
des II Internationalen Ferienburses u.s.w., Mariensee, Germany., pp.
171-99.
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304
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
1962
With T. M. Sutherland. Effects of inbreeding on size and type in
Holstein-Friesian cattle. I. Dairy Sci., 45~3~:390-95.
Obituary: Edward N. Wentworth. Rec. Genet. Soc. Am.,31:20-21.
1964
With Hector A. Molinuevo. Reliability of first, second and third
records for estimating the breeding value of dairy cows. J. Dairy
Sci., 47~8~:890-93.
1965
With Ben Bereskin. Genetic and environmental factors in dairy sire
evaluation. III. Influence of environmental and other extra-
neous correlations among the daughters. J. Dairy Sci., 48:356-
60.
1967
With D. I. Kelleher and A. E. Freeman. Importance of bull x herd-
year-season interaction in milk production. J. Dairy Sci.,
50: 1703-7.
1968
Importance of family structure in the dairy cattle population. l.
Dairy Sci., 51 :296-306.
With R. M. Acharya. Genetic progress through selection in a closed
herd of Indian cattle. I. Dairy Sci., 5:1059-64.
1969
Genetic unknowns in animal breeding a century after Mendel.
Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., 71:309.
Pushing back the frontier of animal breeding. In: Proceedings of the
Eighteenth Annual Session, National Poultry Breeders Roundtable,
pp. 93-111. Mimeographed.
1971
Research in animal production: Its accomplishments and present
prospects. In: Bulletin of the Swiss Association of Agricultural Grad-
uates from the Eidgenossischen Technischen Hochschule. (ETH), Zu-
rich, November, pp. 45-62.
OCR for page 305
JAY LAURENCE LUSH
1972
305
Early statistics at Iowa State University. In: Statistical Papers in Honor
of George ~ Snedecor, pp. 211-26. Ames: Iowa State University
Press.
1973
Teaching animal breeding and training graduate students. In: Pro-
ceedings of the Animal Breeding and Genetics Symposium in Honor of
Dr. pay L. Lush, American Society of Animal Science, American
Dairy Science Association, and Poultry Science Association,
Blacksburg, Virginia, July 29, 1972, pp. 78-88.
1974
Dedication of the Jay L. Lush auditorium response by Jay L.
Lush. Iowa State J. Res., 48~4~:281-84.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
biographical memoirs
