The following HTML text is provided to enhance online
readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML.
Please use the page image
as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy.
Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations
Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole. Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page 339
Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations
Index
A
Access to services, 21, 250, 253
see also Cost factors;
Environmental constraints;
Health insurance;
Socioeconomic status
ethical issues, 247
mammography, 126, 139, 140, 143, 144, 146, 151, 152
race/ethnicity, 21, 140
transportation services, 126, 139, 140, 143, 146
Accidents, 107, 188
motor vehicle safety, 78-79, 84, 92-93, 185
race/ethnicity, 20, 168-169
Adolescents and youth, 61-62
see also School-based programs
authority, resistance to, 97
campaigns, 78-81, 86, 87-88, 96, 97, 102
drug abuse, 84, 87, 102-103, 106
segmentation, 86-88, 89
smoking, 76-77, 80-81, 86-87, 95, 96, 102, 105, 110, 112, 115-116
teenage pregnancy, 78-79, 84, 101, 103
computer games, xiii, 204, 208, 217
diabetes, 155, 158, 163
Internet, 217, 220
smoking, theoretical perspectives, 30, 49, 58, 59
Advertising, xii, 10, 56, 59, 63, 64, 97, 112-113, 265
tobacco companies, 96
African Americans, 18, 19, 20, 21, 68, 89
campaigns, 76-77, 96-97, 108, 114, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 125
cultural competency, 239
definitional issues, 227, 228, 269
diabetes, 158-159, 161, 165, 166-168, 169, 171
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 207-208
Internet access and use, 194, 195, 196, 197, 207-208
mammography, 119, 120, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 136, 137-138, 147, 188, 256
prostate cancer, 188
smoking, 188
tailored print communications (TPCs), 188
OCR for page 340
Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations
Age factors, 12, 13, 16, 19, 41, 45, 69, 255
see also Adolescents and youth;
Elderly persons
campaigns, 78-81, 102, 103, 105, 107, 108, 117, 123, 126
diabetes, 80-81, 103, 155-160 (passim), 171
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 205, 208-209
Internet access and use, 194
mammography, 80-81, 108, 123, 126, 130-138 (passim), 141, 145, 146, 147
race/ethnicity, 21, 47, 103, 158, 159
Agency, see Personal agency
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 231
AIDS, see HIV/AIDS
Alaskan Natives, 80-81, 94, 103, 116, 119, 131
definitional issues, 228
diabetes, 161, 162, 171
Alcohol use and abuse, 20
campaigns, 84
diabetes, 165
American Cancer Society, 132
American Indians, see Native Americans
Anthropology, xi, xiii, 2, 13, 167, 228, 233, 234, 238, 250, 270, 271
Asians/Pacific Islanders, 17, 18, 21, 68
campaigns, 78-81, 104-105
definitional issues, 227, 228, 234
diabetes, 80-81, 159, 162, 166, 167, 169, 171, 174
Internet access and use, 194, 195, 196
mammography, 129, 131, 137, 138-139
renal disease, 162
Association of American Indian Physicians, 174
Association of Asian Pacific Community Health Organizations, 174
Attitudes and beliefs, xii, 13, 22-23, 52, 61, 98, 213, 254, 265
see also Cultural factors, general;
Depression;
Personal agency;
Religious factors;
Stigma
blaming the victim, 66, 169, 226, 239, 243, 247
channels of communication, 58, 96-99, 104-106
cost of health care, 34, 71, 74
diabetes, 155-156, 157, 158, 163-169, 172-175, 176-178
ethical issues, 247, 248-249
fear, use of in messages, 52, 74-75
Health Belief Model, 31, 70-71, 142, 183
immediate learning, 61-62
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 205, 208, 209-210
Internet access and use, 195, 198, 203-204
mammography, 29, 37-39, 46, 134, 135-137, 141
tailored print communications (TPCs), 187
technology, 192-193, 195
telephone contacts, 190
theoretical perspectives, 29-54 (passim), 70-75
Audience segmentation, 5, 7, 23, 41, 46-47, 55, 77, 85-99, 106, 121-122, 256, 257, 260, 264, 268
diabetes, 175-176
epidemiological data, 85-86, 90, 92-93
ethical issues, 244-245, 249
mammography, 145
Automobile safety, see Motor vehicle safety
B
Back to Sleep Campaign, 78-79, 94, 95, 110, 118-119
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 117-118, 153
Behavioral theories, see Theory
Beliefs, see Attitudes and beliefs;
Religious factors
Best Start Loving Support Campaign, 78-79, 104, 108
Billboards, see Posters and billboards
Black persons, see African Americans
Blood pressure, see Hypertension
OCR for page 341
Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations
Body size and weight, 17, 43
see also Diet
birth weight, 160
diabetes, 159, 160-161, 163, 165, 166-167, 171-172, 173-174, 178, 229
tailored print communications (TPCs), 185
Breast cancer, see Mammography
Breastfeeding, 78-79, 104
Brochures, 56
Buckle Up America, 78-79
C
Campaigns, general, xiii, 3, 6, 10, 12, 13, 22, 23, 24, 26, 44-48 (passim), 57-58, 71, 256, 257, 258, 264-267, 270
see also National campaigns;
specific campaigns and media
adolescents and youth, 78-81, 86, 87-88, 96, 97, 102
drug abuse, 84, 87, 102-103, 106
segmentation, 86-88, 89
smoking, 76-77, 80-81, 86-87, 95, 96, 102, 105, 110, 112, 115-116
teenage pregnancy, 78-79, 84, 101, 103
African Americans, 76-77, 96-97, 108, 114, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 125
age factors, 78-81, 102, 103, 105, 107, 108, 117, 123, 126
Asians/Pacific Islanders, 78-81, 104-105
audience segmentation, 5, 7, 23, 41, 46-47, 55, 77, 85-96
cancer, 78-81, 84
mammography, 77, 80-81, 84, 106, 108, 119-120, 123-126, 140-151, 153
community influences, 100, 107, 144, 146, 175
cost factors, 77, 82, 84, 97, 98, 101, 108, 113, 114, 122
cultural factors, general, 100, 103, 106, 174-175, 279
depression, 78-79, 93
elderly persons, 80-81, 108
exemplars, 76-126
face-to-face contacts, 82, 125, 140, 149
family factors, 97, 100, 107, 112
funding, 84, 94-95, 125, 126
gender factors, 77, 78-81, 84, 89, 105, 107, 108, 117-118, 122, 171
teenage pregnancy, 78-79, 84, 101, 103
geographic factors, general, 104-105, 116
Hispanics, 78-81, 96-97, 104, 108, 116, 118, 120, 124-125
historical perspectives, 83-84, 116-117, 120, 123-126
income, personal, 78-81, 105
legislation, 91, 94, 100, 115, 123, 125
mass media, 80-81, 98-99, 100, 101, 104, 113, 125-126, 141, 175;
see also specific media
Native Americans, 78-79, 94, 103, 112, 116
outcome measures, 82, 92, 93, 101, 110-112, 113, 114, 115-120
peers and friends (norms), 83, 99-100, 107, 140;
see also Role models
political issues, 91-92, 99-100, 107, 123, 125
privately sponsored, 76, 78-79, 222
religious factors, 100, 104, 107
sexual behavior, 78-79, 84, 101, 103
smoking, 76-77, 80-81, 86-87, 95, 96, 102, 105, 110, 112, 115-116
state-level, 76, 80-81, 95, 100, 102, 105, 110, 111, 115-116
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), 78-79, 94, 95, 110, 118-119
television, 82, 87, 96, 119, 175, 178
time factors, 8, 110-111, 115-120
urban areas, 80-81, 105, 119, 142
Canada, 91
Cancer, 2, 13, 19-21
campaigns, 78-81, 84
OCR for page 342
Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations
cervical cancer, 141, 186
colonoscopy, 44
gender factors, 19, 38, 43, 141, 183, 186, 188;
see also Mammography
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 209
Internet access and use, 201, 219-220
prostate cancer, 38, 43, 183, 186, 188
Cardiovascular disease
see also Cerebrovascular disease
hypertension, 116-117, 162, 167, 173
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 210
national campaigns, 80-81, 95-96, 110, 116-118, 170-171
race/ethnicity, 19, 20, 117, 162, 167
Caribbean immigrants, 17
Case studies, 5, 123-126, 262
Celebrities, see Role models
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1, 110, 125, 126
Best Start Loving Support Campaign, 78-79, 104, 108
Guide to Community Preventive Services, 151, 153, 250-252, 267
Loving Support Campaign, 108
National Diabetes Education Program, 174-175
racial/ethnic definitions, 231
Cerebrovascular disease
see also Cardiovascular disease
National High Blood Pressure Education Program, 80-81, 95-96, 110, 116-118
race/ethnicity, 19
Cervical cancer, 141, 186
Children
see also Adolescents and youth
birth weight, 160
diabetes, 161
infants
breastfeeding, 78-79, 104
national campaigns, 78-79, 80-81, 93, 94, 95, 104, 110, 118-119
sudden infant death syndrome, 78-79, 94, 95, 110, 118-119
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 208, 210
Internet access and use, 217
tailored print communications (TPCs), 192
telephone contacts, 190, 192
Children’s Partnership, 202-203
Child Safety Seat Distribution Program, 78-79
Cigarette smoking, see Smoking
Colonoscopy, 44
Comic books, 56
COMMIT Program, 91
Common Sense Model, 73-75
Communication technology, see Campaigns, general;
Mass media;
Technology
Community influences, xii, xiii, 9, 21, 24, 57, 250, 251, 252
see also Cultural factors, general
campaigns, 100, 107, 144, 146, 175
diabetes, 165-166, 169, 175
Internet access and use, 199-200, 214, 215, 216, 218
mammography, 137, 138, 144, 146, 152
media advocacy, 64-65
tailored print communications (TPCs)/ telephone contacts, 192
Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System (CHESS), 206-208
Computer technology, 8, 10, 140, 180, 181, 196, 199, 217, 218
see also Interactive Health Communication (IHC);
Internet
cost factors, 195, 203
digital divide, 22, 193, 194, 202-203, 212, 214
disabled persons, 195
games, xiii, 204, 208, 217
tailored print communications (TPCs), 181
telephone systems, 189, 191, 192;
see also Internet
wireless communication, 180, 205, 213, 214, 215-217, 268
OCR for page 343
Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations
Confidentiality, see Privacy
Cost factors, xi, 1, 11, 219, 253
see also Funding;
Health insurance;
Income, personal
attitudes and beliefs about, 34, 71, 74
campaigns, 77, 82, 84, 97, 98, 101, 108, 113, 114, 122
diabetes, xi-xii, 162, 166
diet, food costs, 44, 166, 247
ethical issues, 5, 246, 263
Internet access and use, 195, 203, 215-216
mammography, 143, 147
mass media, 59, 84, 108
telephone contacts, 190, 191
theoretical perspectives, 44
Cultural factors, general, xiii, 1-2, 9, 12-15 (passim), 22-26, 221, 222, 245, 250-252, 279
see also Attitudes and beliefs;
Family factors;
Language factors;
Peers and friends;
Political issues;
Race/ethnicity;
Religious factors;
Role models
anthropology, xi, xiii, 2, 13, 167, 228, 233, 234, 238, 250, 270, 271
campaigns, 100, 103, 106, 174-175, 279
competency, cultural, 239-242
definitional issues, 15, 224, 225-226, 231, 232-242, 252-254, 269
diabetes, 156, 160, 161, 162-164, 165, 166-169, 174-175
ethical issues, 245, 248-249, 263
interdisciplinary approaches, 10
Internet access and use, 195
mammography, 130
repetition of messages, 60-61
social diffusion, 61, 62, 64
tailored print communications (TCPs)/telephone-delivered interventions, 181
theoretical perspectives, 31
D
Delayed learning, 61, 62
Demographic factors, general, xiii, 9, 12, 13, 18-21, 46, 92-93, 190, 224-225, 242, 253-254, 264, 269
see also Age factors;
Cultural factors;
Epidemiological data;
Gender factors;
Marital status;
Race/ ethnicity;
Sexual orientation;
Socioeconomic status
Department of Health and Human Services, 214, 222
see also Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Food and Drug Administration, 125
Depression
campaigns, 78-79, 93
diabetes, 164-165, 168-169
Depression Awareness, Recognition, and Treatment Program, 78-79, 93
Diabetes, xiv, 6, 26, 154-178, 256
adolescents and youth, 155, 158, 163
African Americans, 158-159, 161, 165, 166-168, 169, 171
age factors, 80-81, 103, 155-160 (passim), 171
elderly persons, 80-81, 155, 158, 168, 172-173, 174
Alaskan Natives, 161, 162, 171
Asians/Pacific Islanders, 80-81, 159, 162, 166, 167, 169, 171, 174
attitudes and beliefs, 155-156, 157, 158, 163-169, 172-175, 176-178
audience segmentation, 175-176
biology and prevalence, 157-161
body size and weight, 159, 160-161, 163, 165, 166-167, 171-172, 173-174, 178, 229
community influences, 165-166, 169, 175
cost factors, xi-xii, 162, 166
cultural factors, general, 156, 160, 161, 162-164, 165, 166-169, 174-175
depression related to, 164-165, 168-169
diagnosis, 156, 158, 160, 162, 176
diet, xii, 156, 160, 161, 165-167, 171-172, 173-174, 175, 177, 178, 229
OCR for page 344
Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations
344 INDEX
drug treatment, xii, 170-171, 172, 173, 177
elderly persons, 80-81, 155, 158, 168, 172-173, 174
exercise, xii, 161, 164, 167-168, 171-172, 173-174, 175
family factors, 155, 156, 164, 169, 170
foot care, 80-81, 156, 162, 170-171, 172
gender factors, 158, 159, 160, 167-168, 171
genetic factors, 157, 158, 160, 161, 228-229
geographic factors, general, 156, 159
health insurance, 164
Hispanics, 80-81, 159, 161, 162, 166, 167, 168-169, 171, 174
income, personal, 158, 168
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 208, 210
marital status, 158
national campaigns, 80-81, 103, 174-175
Native Americans, 160, 161, 162, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 171, 174, 229
peers and friends (norms), 155, 156, 163, 164, 170, 256
personal agency/self-efficacy, 163, 164, 168-169, 173-174, 176, 177
physicians, 170, 174
primary prevention, general, 154, 156, 157, 160, 164, 169, 171-175, 176, 177
race/ethnicity, 19, 20, 80-81, 103, 155, 158-164 (passim), 166-169, 174-175, 228-229
renal disease, 162
secondary prevention, general, xii, xiv, 3, 155-156, 165, 167, 168, 169-175
television, 175, 178
Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group, 170
Diabetes Prevention Program, 171
Diagnosis and screening
see also Mammography
campaigns, 84
cervical cancer, 141
colonoscopy, 44
diabetes, 156, 158, 160, 162, 176
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 210
prostate cancer, 38, 43, 183, 186, 188
Diet
see also Alcohol use and abuse;
Body size and weight
cost of healthy foods, 44, 166, 247
diabetes, xii, 156, 160, 161, 165-167, 171-172, 173-174, 175, 177, 178, 229
Hispanics, 47
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 208-209
malnutrition, 19
national campaigns, 78-79, 93, 94, 103
tailored print communications (TPCs), 183, 185
Diffusion of innovations, 214
see also Internet;
Technology
digital divide, general, 22, 193, 194, 202-203, 212, 214
theory of, 28, 67-68
Disabled persons, Internet access and use, 195, 198
Discrimination
elderly persons/women/youth, 16
HIV-infected persons, 101
racial, 225, 230, 231, 237-239, 254
Drug abuse, 59-60, 61-62
national campaigns, 80-81, 84, 87, 94, 102-103
Drug treatment, diabetes, xii, 170-171, 172, 173, 177
E
Economic factors, 11, 99, 250
see also Cost factors;
Employment;
Funding;
Health insurance;
Income, personal;
Socioeconomic status
advertising sector, xii
mammography, 130
physicians use of e-mail, 211
OCR for page 345
Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations
Education, see Professional education;
School-based programs
Educational attainment, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 45
cultural competency, 239
diabetes, 158
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 209
Internet access and use, 194
literacy, 17, 79, 81, 203, 216-217, 248
mammography, 80-81, 133-134, 138, 142
national campaigns, 78-81
Elderly persons, 18, 253
campaigns, 80-81, 108
diabetes, 80-81, 155, 158, 168, 172-173, 174
exercise, 168
Internet access and use, 194
mammography, 46, 131, 132-134, 136, 138, 142, 147
tailored print communications (TPCs), 185
E-mail, 105-106, 180, 194, 198, 200-202, 210-211
Employment, xiii
campaigns, 100
occupational status, 16, 21, 250
Environmental constraints, 4, 9, 16, 29, 31-32, 36, 41-42, 43-44, 99, 226
see also Access to services;
Family factors;
Geographic factors;
Peers and friends;
Socioeconomic status
communications technologies, 179-180, 181
diabetes, 163, 168
digital divide, 22, 193, 194, 202-203, 212, 214
ethical issues, 247
exercise, 168, 172
mammography, 134, 139-140, 145, 147
Environmental risk factors, 21, 99, 247, 250, 251
occupational status, 16, 21, 250
Epidemiological data, 44, 224, 250, 253
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 117-118, 153
breast cancer, 129, 130-131, 135-136, 153
campaigns, 77, 101
audience segmentation, 85-86, 90, 92-93
definitional issues, 231-232
diabetes, 157
National Health Interview Survey, 116, 135-136, 153
Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, 21, 131
Ethical issues, xiv, 3, 5-6, 23-24, 243-249, 256, 262-264
attitudes and beliefs, 247, 248-249
blaming the victim, 66, 169, 226, 239, 243, 247
audience segmentation, 244-245, 249
campaigns, 91, 122
cost factors, 5, 246, 263
cultural factors, 245, 248-249, 263
Internet access and use, 198
privacy, 198, 203, 214-215, 218-219, 223
Ethnicity, see Race/ethnicity
Europe, 110, 212, 229
Evaluation, see Monitoring and evaluation
Exercise
diabetes, xii, 161, 164, 167-168, 171-172, 173-174, 175
Hispanics, 167, 168
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 209
tailored print communications (TPCs), 183, 185
Expertise, 55, 56, 106-107, 122
see also Health care professionals;
Role models
Exposure, 99, 113-114
see also Time factors
repetition, 60-61
F
Face-to-face contacts, 9, 56, 57, 58, 180, 268
see also Health care professionals
campaign exemplars, 82, 125, 140, 149
OCR for page 346
Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations
diabetes, 178
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 210, 268
mammography, 140, 145, 146, 149, 152, 207-208
time factors, 196
Family factors, 1, 55
see also Genetic factors
campaigns, 97, 100, 107, 112
diabetes, 155, 156, 164, 169, 170
Internet access and use, 194, 199-200
mammography, 46, 137, 138-139
tailored print communications (TPCs), 185, 192
telephone contacts, 192
Fear, use of, 52, 74-75
Federal government, 1, 14, 100, 123, 226-232
see also Funding;
Legislation;
National campaigns;
Regulatory issues, legal;
specific departments and agencies
interagency coordination, 10
Internet access and use, 195
Office of Management and Budget, 227-228, 231-232, 267
Feet Can Last a Lifetime, 80-81
Females, see Gender factors
Field testing, 7, 259
Folic Acid (March of Dimes) campaign, 78-79, 93, 95, 103
Food and Drug Administration, 125
Food and nutrition, see Diet
Friends, see Peers and friends
Funding, 221-222, 259, 261-262, 267, 271
see also Cost factors
campaigns, 84, 94-95, 125, 126
definitional issues, 14-15
mammography, 140
mass media, 59
National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign, 84, 94-95
smoking prevention, state funding, 95
G
Gay persons, see Sexual orientation
Gender factors, xiii, 12, 13, 16-17, 21, 45, 69, 255, 269
see also Mammography;
Sexual behavior
breastfeeding, 78-79, 104
campaigns, 77, 78-81, 84, 89, 105, 107, 108, 117-118, 122, 171
teenage pregnancy, 78-79, 84, 101, 103
cancer, general, 19-21
cervical cancer, 141, 186
cultural competency, 239
diabetes, 158, 159, 160, 167-168, 171
dieting, 41
exercise, 168
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 207-209
Internet access and use, 202, 207-208
prostate cancer, 38, 43, 183, 186, 188
race/ethnicity, 19, 20, 21, 117, 159, 166, 167-168, 171
mammography, 80-81, 119-142 (passim), 147, 151, 152
sexual orientation, xiii, 13, 17, 46, 69, 101, 113, 239
smoking, 116
tailored print communications (TPCs), 183, 186, 189
theoretical perspectives, 41
Generalized learning, 61, 62
Genetic factors
diabetes, 157, 158, 160, 161, 228-229
race/ethnicity, 22, 228-230
screening, 38
tailored print communications (TPCs), 186, 188
Geographic factors, 64, 235
see also Community influences;
Rural areas;
Urban areas
campaigns, 104-105, 116
diabetes, 156, 159
mammography, 130, 136
OCR for page 347
Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations
race/ethnicity, 104-105
telephone coverage, 179-180
Guide to Community Preventive Services, 151, 153, 250-252, 267
H
Handicapped persons, see Disabled persons
Harvard Center Risk Index, 216
Health Belief Model, 31, 70-71, 142, 183
Health care professionals, 55, 82, 83, 99, 101, 117-118, 237
see also Diagnosis and screening;
Physicians;
Professional education
cultural competency, 239-242
fear amongst patients, 52
mammography, 119, 126, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 142, 145, 146, 151-152
Health insurance, 19
diabetes, 164
mammography, 123, 125, 134, 140
race/ethnicity, 21
Healthy People 2010, 12, 93
Heart disease, see Cardiovascular disease
Hepatitis, xii
Hispanics, 17, 19, 108
campaigns, 78-81, 96-97, 104, 108, 116, 118, 120, 124-125
definitional issues, 227, 228, 234
diabetes, 80-81, 159, 161, 162, 166, 167, 168-169, 171, 174
exercise, 167, 168
Internet access and use, 194, 195, 196
mammography, 80-81, 120, 124-125, 127, 131, 133, 136, 137, 139-140
smoking, 188
socioeconomic status, 18, 140
tailored print communications (TPCs), 188
telephone contacts, 190
Historical perspectives, 23, 46, 254, 270
campaigns, 83-84, 116-117, 120, 123-126
communications applications and technologies, 179-180
diabetes, 157
Internet, 193-194, 197
mammography, 120, 123-126, 127-129, 131, 135, 141-145
vaccines, xii
HIV/AIDS, xii, 84, 101, 110
Homosexuality, see Sexual orientation
Human Genome Project, 229
Humor, use of, 52
Hypertension, 116-117, 162, 167, 173
I
Immediate learning, 61-62
Immigrants, 17
see also Language factors;
specific immigrant groups
mammography, 133, 137
Income, personal, 16, 19
campaigns, 78-81, 105
diabetes, 158, 168
exercise, 168
hypertension, 167
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 207-208
Internet access and use, 22, 193, 194, 195, 196, 216-217
mammography, 80-81, 133, 137-138, 140, 142, 146, 147, 148, 207-208
race/ethnicity, 18, 140
tailored print communications (TPCs), 189
telephone coverage, 179
Indian Americans, see Native Americans
Infants
breastfeeding, 78-79, 104
national campaigns, 78-79, 80-81, 93, 94, 95, 104, 110, 118-119
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) , 78-79, 94, 95, 110, 118-119
Influenza, national campaigns, 39-41, 80-81
Infrastructure, 10, 271-272
see also Technology
campaigns, 82-83
OCR for page 348
Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations
interdisciplinary approaches, xi, xiii, 2, 10, 13, 24, 167, 228, 233, 234, 238, 250, 270, 271-272
Initiative to Eliminate Health Disparities, 93
Innovations, see Diffusion of innovations
Institute of Medicine, 1, 2, 11-12
Institutional diffusion, 61, 63, 64, 100, 101, 113-114
see also Mass media;
Religious factors;
School-based programs
cultural competency, 240
diabetes, 174
mammography, 146, 152
Insurance, see Health insurance
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 204-213, 217, 218-221, 222
see also Internet;
Telephone
African Americans, 207-208
age factors, 205, 208-209
attitudes and beliefs, 205, 208, 209-210
children, 208, 210
diabetes, 208, 210
personal agency/self-efficacy, 205, 210, 219
race/ethnicity, 205, 207-208, 209
videos, 205, 215, 219-220
Interdisciplinary approaches, xi, xiii, 2, 10, 13, 24, 167, 228, 233, 234, 238, 250, 270, 271-272
International perspectives
Canada, 91
Internet access and use, 203, 212
mammography, 132, 146
International perspectives, campaigns
AIDS, 110
diabetes, 170-171
segmentation, 91, 104
vaccinations, 110
Internet, xii, 57, 58, 105-106, 109, 180, 193-221, 223, 231, 268
adolescents and youth, 217, 220
African Americans, 194, 195, 196, 197, 207-208
age factors, general, 194
Asians/Pacific Islanders, 194, 195, 196
attitudes and beliefs, 195, 198, 203-204
community influences, 199-200, 214, 215, 216, 218
cost of access, 195, 203, 215-216
diabetes, 174
digital divide, 22, 193, 194, 202-203, 212, 214
disabled persons, 195, 198
e-mail, 105-106, 180, 194, 198, 200-202, 210-211
family factors, 194, 199-200
Hispanics, 194, 195, 196
historical perspectives, 193-194, 197
income, personal, and access, 22, 193, 194, 195, 196, 216-217
language factors, 198, 203, 216-217
mammography, 151
Native Americans, 194, 216-227
peers and friends, 199-200, 204
physicians, 180, 196, 200-202, 204, 210-211
race/ethnicity, 194, 195, 196, 202
regulation of, 195, 214-215, 220
tailored print communications (TCPs)/telephone-delivered interventions, 181
wireless communication, 180, 205, 213, 214, 215-217, 268
Internet Healthcare Coalition, 223
Interpersonal communication, see Face-to-face contacts;
Telephone
Interviews, see Face-to-face contacts
K
Kidney disease, see Renal disease
L
Language factors, 17, 107-108, 109
see also Hispanics
cultural competency, 240
definitional issues, race/ethnicity, 227, 232, 233
diabetes, 160
Internet, 198, 203, 216-217
OCR for page 349
Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations
literacy, 17, 79, 81, 203, 216-217, 248
mammography, 138, 139, 151
newspapers, 104-105
tailored print communications (TCPs)/telephone-delivered interventions, 181
telephone contacts, 191
Lasswell, Harold, 46
Latinos, see Hispanics
Legacy Foundation, 95
Legal issues, see Ethical issues;
Legislation;
Regulatory issues;
Standards
Legislation
campaigns, 91, 94, 100, 115, 123, 125
Mammography Quality Standards Act , 125
media advocacy, 66
Minority Health and Health Disparities Research and Education Act, 12
Paperwork Reduction Act, 267
teenage smoking, 115
Treasury-Postal Appropriations Act, 94
Literacy, 17, 79, 81, 203, 216-217, 248
Loving Support Campaign, 108
M
Mail, see Postal campaigns
Males, see Gender factors
Mammography, 12, 127-153, 256, 257, 259
access to services, general, 126, 139, 140, 143, 144, 146, 151, 152
African Americans, 119, 120, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 136, 137-138, 147, 188, 256
age factors, 80-81, 108, 123, 126, 130-138 (passim), 141, 145, 146, 147
elderly persons, 46, 131, 132-134, 136, 138, 142, 147
Asians/Pacific Islanders, 129, 131, 137, 138-139
attitudes and beliefs, 29, 37-39, 46, 134, 135-137, 141
audience segmentation, 145
campaigns, 77, 80-81, 84, 106, 108, 119-120, 123-126, 140-151, 153
committee study at hand, methodology, xiv, 3, 26
community influences, 137, 138, 144, 146, 152
cost factors, 143, 147
educational attainment, 80-81, 133-134, 138, 142
elderly persons, 46, 131, 132-134, 136, 138, 142, 147
environmental constraints, general, 134, 139-140, 145, 147
epidemiological data on breast cancer, 129, 130-131, 135-136, 153
geographic factors, general, 130, 136
health care professionals, 119, 126, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 142, 145, 146, 151-152
health insurance, 123, 125, 134, 140
Hispanics, 80-81, 120, 124-125, 127, 131, 133, 136, 137, 139-140
historical perspectives, 120, 123-126, 127-129, 131, 135, 141-145
immigrants, 133, 137
income, personal, 80-81, 133, 137-138, 140, 142, 146, 147, 148, 207-208
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 140, 145, 146, 149, 152, 207-208
language factors, 138, 139, 151
mass media, 80-81, 125-126, 140, 141, 144
National Cancer Institute, 80-81, 84, 108, 119-120, 124-126, 131, 132, 216
Native Americans, 80-81, 131
outcome measures, 37-38, 119-120, 129-130, 143, 145-151, 191-192
peers and friends (norms), 134, 137, 138-139, 140, 144, 151
physicians, 119, 126, 135, 136, 137, 138, 142, 145
OCR for page 350
Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations
postal campaigns, 140, 145, 146, 148, 150
tailored print communications (TPCs), 186, 187-188, 191-192
race/ethnicity, 80-81, 119-142 (passim), 147, 151, 152
regulatory issues, 125
religious factors, 137
rural areas, 80-81, 133, 137-138, 139, 142
socioeconomic status, 80-81, 133, 137-138, 140
educational attainment, 80-81, 133-134, 138, 142
income, personal, 80-81, 133, 137-138, 140, 142, 146, 147, 148, 207-208
standards, 125, 153
telephone contacts, 140, 145, 150, 191-192
theoretical perspectives, 29, 37-39, 43, 150, 152, 153
transportation services, 126, 139, 140, 143, 146
urban areas, 80-81, 119, 139, 142
Mammography Quality Standards Act, 125
March of Dimes, 78-79, 103
Markle Foundation, 222
Mass media, 8-9, 22-23, 56-67, 214, 217, 218, 221, 234, 265-266
see also Advertising;
Internet;
National campaigns;
Print media
age factors, 41
campaigns, 80-81, 98-99, 100, 101, 104, 113, 125-126, 141, 175
committee study at hand, methodology, xii, xiv, 2, 3-4, 26-27
cost factors, 59, 84, 108
diabetes, 169-170, 178
mammography, 80-81, 125-126, 140, 141, 144
media advocacy, 28, 64-67, 100
music, 54, 56-57, 63
newsletters, 56, 182, 188
newspapers, 56, 57, 59, 104-105, 108, 175, 265
radio, 57, 82, 104-105, 119, 175, 180, 216
tailored print communications (TCPs), 8, 105(n.1), 181, 182-189, 191-193, 206, 213
telephone contacts, 188, 190, 191-193
television, 218
campaigns, 82, 87, 96, 119, 175, 178
diabetes, 175, 178
theoretical perspectives, 56, 57-58, 61, 63
Measles, xii
Media, see Mass media
Men, see Gender factors
Mental health, 2, 13
see also Alcohol use and abuse;
Attitudes and beliefs;
Depression;
Drug abuse;
Personal agency;
Psychology
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 208-209
Internet access and use among mentally ill, 195
Milk Matters campaign, 78-79
Minority groups, see Race/ethnicity;
specific groups
Minority Health and Health Disparities Research and Education Act, 12
Mobile communication, see Wireless communication
Monitoring and evaluation, 84, 122, 123, 258-259, 267
see also Outcome measures;
Secondary analysis of evidence
process variables, 110, 112-115
Moral issues, see Ethical issues
Motivation, see Attitudes and beliefs;
Personal agency
Motor vehicle safety, 84
national campaigns, 78-79, 92-93
tailored print communications (TPCs), 185
Multidisciplinary approaches, see Interdisciplinary approaches
Music, 54, 56-57, 63
OCR for page 351
Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations
N
National Air Bag and Seat Belt Safety campaign, 78-79, 92-93
National Ambulatory Index, 116
National Anti-Drug Media Campaign, 94-95
National Asian Women’s Health Organization, 174
National Breast Cancer Awareness Month, 80-81
National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 78-79, 103, 107
National campaigns, 27, 76, 78-81, 92-120 (passim), 123-126, 174-175, 272
Back to Sleep Campaign, 78-79, 94, 95, 110, 118-119
Best Start Loving Support Campaign, 78-79, 104, 108
Buckle Up America, 78-79
cardiovascular disease, 80-81, 95-96, 110, 116-118, 170-171
Depression Awareness, Recognition, and Treatment Program, 78-79, 93
diabetes, 80-81, 103, 174-175
diet, 78-79, 93, 94, 103
educational attainment, 78-81
Folic Acid (March of Dimes) campaign, 78-79, 93, 95, 103
influenza, 39-41, 80-81
Loving Support Campaign, 108
motor vehicle safety, 78-79, 92-93
National Air Bag and Seat Belt Safety campaign, 78-79, 92-93
National Anti-Drug Media Campaign, 94-95
National Breast Cancer Awareness Month, 80-81
National Cholesterol Education Program, 110
National Diabetes Education Program, 80-81, 103, 174
National Eye Health Education Program, 80-81
National 5 A Day Campaign, 78, 93
National High Blood Pressure Education Program, 80-81, 95-96, 110, 116-118
National Safe Kids Campaign, 78-79, 107
National Truth Campaign, 80-81, 95, 96, 108, 115-116
National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign, 84, 87, 102-103, 106, 108
National Cancer Institute, 21, 80-81, 221-222
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 207, 216
mammography, 80-81, 84, 108, 119-120, 124-126, 131, 132, 216
National Cholesterol Education Program, 110
National Council of La Raza, 174
National Diabetes Education Program, 80-81, 103, 174
National Eye Health Education Program, 80-81
National 5 A Day Campaign, 78, 93
National Health Interview Survey, 116, 135-136, 153
National High Blood Pressure Education Program, 80-81, 95-96, 110, 116-118
National Hispanic Council on Aging, 174
National Infant Sleep Position Study, 118
National Institute for Child Health and Development, 118-119
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 174
National Institutes of Health, 1, 221-222, 259, 263, 267
National Library of Medicine, 197
National Medical Association, 125
National Safe Kids Campaign, 78-79, 107
National Truth Campaign, 80-81, 95, 96, 108, 115-116
National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign, 84, 87, 102-103, 106, 108
Native Americans, 21, 242
see also Alaskan Natives
campaigns, 78-79, 94, 103, 112, 116
definitional issues, 228, 230-231
OCR for page 352
Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations
diabetes, 160, 161, 162, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 171, 174, 229
Internet access and use, 194, 216-227
mammography, 80-81, 131
Networking for Health, 197
Newsletters, 56, 182, 188
see also Tailored print communications (TCPs)
Newspapers, 56, 57, 59, 104-105, 108, 175, 265
Norms, see Peers and friends
Nutrition, see Diet
O
Obesity, see Body size and weight
Occupations, see Employment
Office of Management and Budget, 227-228, 231-232, 267
Older persons, see Elderly persons
Once A Year for A Life Time, 80-81, 84, 108, 119-120
Organizational requirements, see Infrastructure;
Institutional diffusion;
Interdisciplinary approaches
Outcome measures, 1, 13, 54, 71, 213, 258, 259, 264
campaigns, 82, 92, 93, 101, 110-112, 113, 114, 115-120
definitional issues, 226, 239, 249, 251, 255, 269
diabetes, 177
dieting, 41
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 209-210
Internet access and use, 196-197
mammography, 37-38, 119-120, 129-130, 143, 145-151, 191-192
social discrimination, 237-239
socioeconomic status, 15-16
tailored print communications (TPCs), 183-189, 191-193, 213
telephone interventions, 189-193, 191-193
theory, 4, 37-38, 39-40
time factors, 110-111, 115-120, 190
Outreach workers, see Face-to-face contacts
P
Pacific Islanders, see Asians/Pacific Islanders
Paperwork Reduction Act, 267
Pap smears, 141, 185
Peers and friends, 251, 252, 254
see also Role models;
Stigma
“buzz”, 60
campaigns, 83, 99-100, 107, 140
diabetes, 155, 156, 163, 164, 170, 256
Internet, 199-200, 204
mammography, 134, 137, 138-139, 140, 144, 151
social diffusion, 61, 62
theoretical perspectives, 30, 33-39 (passim), 45, 47, 54, 55, 60, 61, 62, 70, 73, 217
Personal agency, 33, 35, 36-45 (passim), 60, 71, 73, 265, 269
see also Depression
campaigns, 83
communications technology, 180-181
cultural competency, 240
diabetes, 163, 164, 168-169, 173-174, 176, 177
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 205, 210, 219
self-regulation models, 73-75
tailored print communications (TPCs), 187
Person-to-person contacts, see E-mail;
Face-to-face contacts;
Telephone
Philippines, 110
Physical activity, see Exercise
Physicians, 3, 93, 117, 238
diabetes, 170, 174
e-mail, 180, 200-201, 210-211
mammography, 119, 126, 135, 136, 137, 138, 142, 145
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 210-211
OCR for page 353
Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations
Internet, 180, 196, 200-202, 204, 210-211
tailored print communications (TPCs), 187
telephone contacts, 179
Political issues, 9, 11, 64, 225, 226, 251, 252
campaigns, 91-92, 99-100, 107, 123, 125
media advocacy, 65-67
race/ethnicity, 230-231
Postal campaigns, 56, 79, 182
see also Tailored print communications (TCPs)
mammography, 140, 145, 146, 148, 150
newsletters, 56, 182, 188
Posters and billboards, 56, 105
Poverty, see Income, personal;
Socioeconomic status
Primary prevention, general, 3, 250, 251, 252
see also Alcohol use and abuse;
Campaigns;
Diagnosis and screening;
Diet;
Exercise;
Mammography;
Smoking
diabetes, 154, 156, 157, 160, 164, 169, 171-175, 176, 177
tailored print communications (TPCs), 183
Print media, 8, 54, 105(n.1), 108, 124, 178, 180, 181, 190
see also Newsletters;
Newspapers;
Postal campaigns;
Posters and billboards;
Tailored print communications (TCPs)
Internet, 198, 200
Privacy, 198, 203, 214-215, 218-219, 223
Process variables, 110, 112-115
Production values, 54, 108-109
Professional education, 10, 119, 151
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 211
theory, 261
Professionals, health care, see Health care professionals
Prostate cancer, 38, 43
tailored print communications (TPCs), 183, 186, 188
Psychology, 2, 4, 13, 221, 250
see also Attitudes and beliefs;
Cultural factors;
Depression;
Mental health;
Personal agency
Public Education Fund, 95
R
Race/ethnicity, xiii, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19-21, 45, 69, 255
see also Immigrants;
Language factors;
specific groups
access to services, general, 21, 140
accidents, 20, 168-169
age factors, 21, 47, 103, 158, 159
campaigns, 78-81, 89, 96-97, 103, 107, 108, 117, 118, 119-120, 122, 123, 124-125, 174-175
cardiovascular disease, 19, 20, 117, 162, 167
cultural competency of providers, 239-242
definitional issues, 14, 224, 225-234, 237-239, 252-253, 259, 269
diabetes, 19, 20, 80-81, 103, 155, 158-164 (passim), 166-169, 174-175, 228-229
discrimination, 225, 230, 231, 237-239, 254
gender, 19, 20, 21, 117, 159, 166, 167-168, 171
genetic factors, 22, 228-230
geographic factors, 104-105
health insurance, 21
income, personal, 18, 140
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 205, 207-208, 209
Internet access and use, 194, 195, 196, 202
mammography, 80-81, 119-142 (passim), 147, 151, 152
sickle-cell anemia, 229-230
smoking, 116
socioeconomic status, 16, 18, 140
tailored print communications (TPCs), 187-189
technology, attitudes toward, 192-193
OCR for page 354
Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations
Radio, 57, 82, 104-105, 119, 175, 180, 216
Regulatory issues, legal, 83, 91, 123, 244, 259
see also Standards
Food and Drug Administration, 125
Internet, 195, 214-215, 220
mammography, 125
Religious factors, 1-2, 13, 55-56, 216
campaigns, 100, 104, 107
diabetes, 169
mammography, 137
Renal disease, 162
Role models, 54, 55-56, 100, 101, 102-103, 107, 109, 124, 125, 266
diffusion of innovation, 68
media advocacy, 65
racial/ethnic factors, 97
Rural areas
campaigns, 80-81, 142
Internet access and use, 203
mammography, 80-81, 133, 137-138, 139, 142
telephone coverage, 179-180
S
School-based programs, xiii, 58, 59-60
Screening, see Diagnosis and screening
Secondary analysis of evidence, 7, 110-120, 258
see also Outcome measures
Secondary prevention, 3, 99
see also Diet;
Drug treatment;
Exercise
breast cancer, 3
diabetes, xii, xiv, 3, 155-156, 165, 167, 168, 169-175
Segmentation, see Audience segmentation
Self-efficacy, see Personal agency
Sex differences, see Gender factors
Sexual behavior, 11, 17
campaigns, 78-79, 84, 101, 103
condom use, 52
ethical issues, 247
teenage pregnancy, 78-79, 84, 101, 103
Sexual orientation, xiii, 13, 17, 69, 101, 113
cultural competency, 239
mammography, 46
Sickle-cell anemia, 229-230
Smoking, xii, 220
campaigns, 76-77, 80-81, 86-87, 95, 96, 102, 105, 110, 112, 115-116
diabetes, xii, 161
tailored print communications (TPCs), 183, 184, 187, 188, 192
telephone contacts, 190, 192
theoretical perspectives, 30, 49, 58, 59
Social Cognitive Theory, 31, 71-72, 183
Social Learning Theory, 142
Social diffusion, 61, 62, 64
Socialization, see Family factors;
Peers and friends
Socioeconomic status, xiii, 12, 15-16, 19, 255
see also Educational attainment;
Employment;
Income, personal
cultural competency, 239
definitional issues, 225, 226, 239, 269
digital divide, 22, 193, 194, 202-203, 212, 214
ethical issues, 247
Hispanics, 18, 140
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 209
mammography, 80-81, 133, 137-138, 140
national campaigns, 78-81, 119
race/ethnicity, 16, 18, 140
Songs, see Music
Spanish-speaking persons, see Hispanics
Sports and athletics, 112
after-school programs, 59-60
Stage models, 52-54, 142
Standards
see also Regulatory issues
communication applications and technologies, 217
Internet, 220
language, standard English, 17, 108
OCR for page 355
Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations
mammography, 125, 153
racial/ethnic definitions, 227-228
smoking cessation, 188
State-level campaigns, 76, 80-81, 95, 100, 102, 105, 110, 111, 115-116
Stigma, 23, 39, 101, 160
blaming the victim, 66, 169, 226, 239, 243, 247
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 205
Internet access and use, 198
Substance abuse, see Drug abuse
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), 78-79, 94, 95, 110, 118-119
Suicide, 20
Surgeon General, 107
Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, 21, 131
T
Tailored print communications (TCPs), 8, 105(n.1), 181, 182-189, 206, 213
diet, 183, 185
family factors, 185, 192
gender factors, 183, 186, 189
outcome measures, 183-189, 191-193, 213
prostate cancer, 183, 186, 188
smoking, 183, 184, 187, 188, 192
telephone contacts, 188, 191-193
Technology, 8-9, 179-223, 256, 268
see also Computer technology;
Interactive Health Communication (IHC);
Internet;
Mass media;
Postal campaigns ;
Print media;
Telephone;
Videos
attitudes regarding, 192-193, 195
privacy, 198, 203, 214-215, 219
Telephone, 8-9, 56, 58, 105, 179-180, 181, 182, 188, 189-193, 206, 210, 235, 265, 268
see also Internet
children, 190, 192
cost factors, 190, 191
diabetes, 175, 210
mammography, 140, 145, 150, 191-192
mass media, 188, 190, 191-193
outcome measures, 189-193, 191-193
tailored print communications (TPCs) , 188, 191-193
wireless communication, 180, 205, 213, 214, 215-217, 268
Television, 218
campaigns, 82, 87, 96, 119, 175, 178
diabetes, 175, 178
theoretical perspectives, 56, 57-58, 61, 63
Theory, 4-5, 11, 28-75, 217, 256, 260-262
attitudes and beliefs, 29-54 (passim), 70-75
audience segmentation, 98
committee study at hand, methodology, xiv, xv, 2, 3, 13, 14, 24, 25, 224
diabetes, 163, 176
Internet, 199
mammography, 29, 37-39, 43, 150, 152, 153
outcome measures, 4, 37-38, 39-40
peers and friends (norms), 30, 33-39 (passim), 45, 47, 54, 55, 60, 61, 62, 70, 73, 217
smoking, 30, 49, 58, 59
tailored print communications (TPCs), 183, 187, 213
television, 56, 57-58, 61, 63
time factors, 43, 60, 61-62, 69, 74, 75
Theory of Planned Behavior, 72
Theory of Reasoned Action, 31, 72
Time factors, 12, 63, 74, 265
campaigns, general, 8, 110-111, 115-120
definition of groups, 252
delayed learning, 61, 62
diabetes, 155-156, 177-178
exercise, 172
exposure, general, 60, 61, 69
face-to-face encounters, 196
immediate learning, 61-62
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 206
OCR for page 356
Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations
Internet, 196, 198
maintenance of healthy behaviors, 53
mammography, xiv, 43, 143
outcome measures, 110-111, 115-120, 190
telephone interventions, 190
theoretical perspectives, 43, 60, 61-62, 69, 74, 75
Tobacco use, see Smoking
Transportation services
mammography, 126, 139, 140, 143, 146
Treasury-Postal Appropriations Act, 94
U
United Kingdom, 170-171
Urban areas
campaigns, 80-81, 105, 119, 142
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 207-208
mammography, 80-81, 119, 139, 142
measles, xii
Urban League of Nebraska, 174
V
Vaccines
hepatitis, xii
historical perspectives, xii
HIV/AIDS, xii
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 209-210
international perspectives, campaigns, 110
national campaigns, 80-81
outcome expectancy, 39-41
telephone contacts, 190
Videos, 56, 180, 197, 200, 207, 208
see also Internet
Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 205, 215, 219-220
Visual perception, 57
Internet access and use, 203
national campaigns for eye health, 80-81
production values, 54, 108
W
Weight, see Body size and weight
Wireless communication, 180, 205, 213, 214, 215, 217, 268
Women, see Gender factors
Work-based programs, see Employment
World Wide Web, see Internet
Items in cart [0]
