|
|
Effect Size
|
|
Program Category
|
Meana
|
Minimum
|
Maximum
|
Nb
|
|
Environmentally focused interventions
|
|
|
School and discipline management
|
0.24*
|
0.15
|
0.33
|
2
|
|
Interventions to establish norms or expectations for behavior
|
0.09
|
–0.23
|
0.31
|
12
|
|
Classroom or instructional management
|
0.17*
|
0.03
|
0.25
|
5
|
|
Individually focused interventions
|
|
|
Classroom instruction
|
|
|
Skill-building instruction using cognitive-behavioral or behavioral instructional methods
|
0.05*
|
–0.44
|
0.37
|
30
|
|
Skill-building instruction without cognitive-behavioral or behavioral instructional methods
|
0.03
|
–0.22
|
0.29
|
25
|
|
D.A.R.E.
|
0.03
|
–0.22
|
0.25
|
12
|
|
Other instructional programs
|
0.07
|
–0.26
|
0.54
|
5
|
|
Cognitive behavioral, behavioral modeling, or behavior modification
|
0.23
|
–0.21
|
0.44
|
3
|
|
Other counseling, social work, and therapeutic
|
–0.19
|
–0.39
|
0.00
|
2
|
|
Mentoring, tutoring, and work study
|
–0.11
|
–0.21
|
0.00
|
2
|
|
All environmentally focused interventions
|
0.13*
|
–0.23
|
0.40
|
20
|
|
All individually focused interventions
|
0.03*
|
–0.44
|
0.54
|
68
|
|
Note: See text for program category descriptions. Substance use outcomes include alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drugs. Most effects are measured immediately after the completion of the prevention activity, although some are measured months or years later. Source: Gottfredson et al. (forthcoming).
*p<=.05.
aInverse variance weighted mean effect size (random effects model).
bNumber of effect sizes contributing to the analysis.
|
