drugs in the context of a particular form of legal prohibition and its enforcement—a point we address in greater detail later in this section.

In Table 2.2, we briefly list indicators and consequences of drug use as reflected in some of the major federally funded data sources.¹⁰ The National Household Survey of Drug Abuse and Monitoring the Future also collect self-reported measures on the consequences of drug use. Some of these measures are problematic because they require respondents to draw potentially invalid causal attributions about the link between their drug use and various conditions—e.g., attributing certain health states to drug use as opposed to a co-occurring illness, or attributing antisocial behaviors to drug use when they might have occurred in its absence. Even when the items don’t require such inferences, their placement in the