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FIGURE 2.1 Change in statistical distribution of cocaine consumption over time. Source: Adapted from Everingham and Rydell (1994). This type of systems research, better supported by data, has potential to provide a more complete picture of patterns and consequences of drug use. Alcohol researchers have used the analysis of consumption distributions to conduct a fruitful—if still unresolved—debate about the relative efficacy of two alternative targeting strategies for drug policy (Edwards et al., 1994; MacCoun, 1998; Rose, 1992). One strategy is to disproportionately target the heaviest users, because they account for such a large share of total consumption and, as a consequence, are at higher risk of causing harm to themselves and others. Others argue that there may be greater aggregate benefit from reducing consumption among casual users; they pose fewer risks individually, but they typically outnumber heavy users by a wide margin.12
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