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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
base (Rainey et al., 1999) was used to calculate boron intakes from these surveys. National survey data for Canada are not currently available, but data have been collected in Québec and Nova Scotia. The extent to which these data are applicable nationwide is not known.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Total Diet Study was used for estimating the intakes for many of the micronutrients reviewed that were not covered by NHANES III and CFSII. The FDA Total Diet Study utilized a number of FDA Market Basket Surveys collected between the third quarter of 1991 and the first quarter of 1997. An updated food map was developed with use of a total of 306 core foods to map the USDA food consumption survey data for 1994 to 1996. The micronutrient contents of the 306 core foods were determined by FDA, USDA CFSII Code Book, Standard Reference 12, or literature published by individual laboratories. The intake data were not adjusted for day-to-day variation, and therefore do not represent usual intakes.
Appendix C provides the mean and the fifth through ninety-ninth percentiles of dietary intakes of vitamin A, vitamin K, boron, copper, iron, and zinc from NHANES III, adjusted by methods described by the National Research Council (NRC, 1986) and by Feinleib et al. (1993) and adjusted for day-to-day variation by the method of Nusser et al. (1996).
TABLE 2-2 Percentage of Persons Taking Vitamin and Mineral Supplements, by Sex and Age: National Health Interview Survey, United States, 1986
Women
Vitamin/Mineral Supplement Taken
All Adults
18+ y
18–44 y
45–64 y
65+ y
Vitamin A
25.9
26.3
26.3
24.4
Chromium
9.4
9.9
9.1
8.7
Copper
15.2
15.3
14.7
15.6
Iodine
15.3
15.7
14.3
15.5
Iron
23.1
24.5
22.0
20.7
Manganese
12.4
12.3
12.4
12.7
Zinc
17.2
17.0
17.2
17.9
NOTE: The high use of supplements by pregnant women is not reflected in this table.