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. "14 Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes." Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc . Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2001.
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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
BOX 14-1 Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes for Healthy Individuals and Groups
Type of Use
For an Individual a
For a Group b
Assessment
EAR: use to examine the
EAR : use to estimate the probability that usual prevalence of inadequate intakes intake is inadequate. within a group.
RDA: usual intake at or above this level has a low probability of inadequacy.
RDA: do not use to assess intakes of groups.
AI c : usual intake at or above this level has a low probability of inadequacy.
AI c : mean usual intake at or above this level implies a low prevalence of inadequate intakes.
UL: usual intake above this level may place an individual at risk of adverse effects from excessive nutrient intake.
UL: use to estimate the percentage of the population at potential risk of adverse effects from excess nutrient intake.
Planning
RDA: aim for this intake.
EAR: use to plan an intake distribution with a low prevalence of inadequate intakes.
AI c : aim for this intake.
AI c : use to plan mean intakes.
UL: use as a guide to limit intake; chronic intake of higher amounts may increase the potential risk of adverse effects.
UL: use to plan intake distributions with a low prevalence of intakes potentially at risk of adverse effects.
RDA = Recommended Dietary Allowance
EAR = Estimated Average Requirement
AI = Adequate Intake
UL = Tolerable Upper Level
a
Front Matter (R1-R24)
Summary (1-28)
1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes (29-43)
2 Overview and Methods (44-59)
3 A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (60-81)
4 Vitamin A (82-161)
5 Vitamin K (162-196)
6 Chromium (197-223)
7 Copper (224-257)
8 Iodine (258-289)
9 Iron (290-393)
10 Manganese (394-419)
11 Molybdenum (420-441)
12 Zinc (442-501)
13 Arsenic, Boron, Nickel, Silicon, and Vanadium (502-553)
14 Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes (554-579)
15 A Research Agenda (580-586)
Appendix A Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intake (587-590)
Appendix B Acknowledgments (591-593)
Appendix C Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 (594-643)
Appendix D Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994-1996 (644-653)
Appendix E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 1991-1997 (654-673)
Appendix F Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990 (674-679)
Appendix G Biochemical Indicators for Iron, Vitamin A, and Iodine from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 (680-691)
Appendix H Comparison of Vitamin A and Iron Intake and Biochemical Indicators from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 (692-696)
Appendix I Iron Intakes and Estimated Percentile of the Distribution of Iron Requirements from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994-1996 (697-703)
Appendix J Glossary and Acronyms (704-708)
Appendix K Conversion of Units (709-709)
Appendix L Options for Dealing with Uncertainties (710-714)
Appendix M Biographical Sketches of Panel and Subcommittee Members (715-728)
Index (729-769)
Summary Table, Dietary Reference Intakes: Recommended Intakes for Individuals, Vitamins (770-771)
Summary Table, Dietary Reference Intakes: Recommended Intakes for Individuals, Elements (772-773)
