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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc (2001)
Food and Nutrition Board (FNB)
Institute of Medicine (IOM)

Citation Manager

. "14 Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes." Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2001.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc

b Requires statistically valid approximation of distribution of usual intakes.

c For the nutrients in this report, AIs are set for infants for all nutrients, and for other age groups for vitamin K, chromium, and manganese. The AI may be used as a guide for infants as it reflects the average intake from human milk. Infants consuming formulas with the same nutrient composition as human milk are consuming an adequate amount after adjustments are made for differences in bioavailability. When the AI for a nutrient is not based on mean intakes of healthy populations, this assessment of adequacy is made with less confidence.

REFERENCES

Basiotis PP, Welsh SO, Cronin FJ, Kelsay JL, Mertz W. 1987. Number of days of food intake records required to estimate individual and group nutrient intakes with defined confidence. J Nutr 117:1638–1641.

Briefel RR, Sempos CT, McDowell MA, Chien S, Alaimo K. 1997. Dietary methods research in the Third National Health and Examination Survey: Under-reporting of energy intake. Am J Clin Nutr 65:1203S–1209S.


Gibson RS, Ferguson EL. 1998. Assessment of dietary zinc in a population. Am J Clin Nutr 68:430S–434S.


Hallberg L, Hulthen L. 2000. Prediction of dietary iron absorption: An algorithm for calculating absorption and bioavailability of dietary iron. Am J Clin Nutr 71:1147–1160.

Heitmann BL, Lissner L. 1995. Dietary underreporting by obese individuals—Is it specific or non-specific? Br Med J 311:986–989.


IOM (Institute of Medicine). 1994. How Should the Recommended Dietary Allowances be Revised? Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

IOM. 2000. Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.


Mertz W, Tsui JC, Judd JT, Reiser S, Hallfrisch J, Morris ER, Steele PD, Lashley E. 1991. What are people really eating? The relation between energy intake derived from estimated diet records and intake determined to maintain body weight. Am J Clin Nutr 54:291–295.


NRC (National Research Council). 1980. Recommended Dietary Allowances, 9th ed. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

NRC. 1986. Nutrient Adequacy. Assessment Using Food Consumption Surveys. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

NRC. 1989. Recommended Dietary Allowances, 10th ed. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Page
578
Front Matter (R1-R24)
Summary (1-28)
1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes (29-43)
2 Overview and Methods (44-59)
3 A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (60-81)
4 Vitamin A (82-161)
5 Vitamin K (162-196)
6 Chromium (197-223)
7 Copper (224-257)
8 Iodine (258-289)
9 Iron (290-393)
10 Manganese (394-419)
11 Molybdenum (420-441)
12 Zinc (442-501)
13 Arsenic, Boron, Nickel, Silicon, and Vanadium (502-553)
14 Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes (554-579)
15 A Research Agenda (580-586)
Appendix A Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intake (587-590)
Appendix B Acknowledgments (591-593)
Appendix C Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 (594-643)
Appendix D Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994-1996 (644-653)
Appendix E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 1991-1997 (654-673)
Appendix F Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990 (674-679)
Appendix G Biochemical Indicators for Iron, Vitamin A, and Iodine from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 (680-691)
Appendix H Comparison of Vitamin A and Iron Intake and Biochemical Indicators from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 (692-696)
Appendix I Iron Intakes and Estimated Percentile of the Distribution of Iron Requirements from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994-1996 (697-703)
Appendix J Glossary and Acronyms (704-708)
Appendix K Conversion of Units (709-709)
Appendix L Options for Dealing with Uncertainties (710-714)
Appendix M Biographical Sketches of Panel and Subcommittee Members (715-728)
Index (729-769)
Summary Table, Dietary Reference Intakes: Recommended Intakes for Individuals, Vitamins (770-771)
Summary Table, Dietary Reference Intakes: Recommended Intakes for Individuals, Elements (772-773)