reproductive effects, 444, 447, 476, 483

research recommendations, 487-488

and retinol binding protein, 454, 473

risk characterization, 487

serum concentrations, 454, 474, 476, 480

special considerations, 462, 479-480, 487

and stress response, 444, 445, 489

structural role, 15, 443

superoxide dismutase activity, 442, 443, 453, 482, 483

supplements, 56-57, 108, 234, 401, 444, 447, 449-450, 452, 453, 454, 456, 465-466, 467, 476, 478-479, 481, 482, 483, 488, 489, 557, 560, 562, 575

and teratogenesis, 444

and testosterone, 454

and thyroxin, 454, 473

trauma and, 445, 446

and tyrosine kinase, 443

ULs, 18, 2, 17, 27, 442, 481-488, 561-562, 574

uncertainty assessment, 486-487

units, 709

urinary losses, 446, 463, 471, 480

vegetarianis, 451, 479-480, 572, 574

and vitamin A, 97, 99, 104, 106, 108-109

WHO requirements, 458

and Wilson’s disease, 234, 456, 488