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OCR for page 772
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
FOOD AND NUTRITION BOARD, INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE–NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES: RECOMMENDED INTAKES FOR INDIVIDUALS, ELEMENTS
Life Stage Group
Calcium (mg/d)
Chromium (μg/d)
Copper (μg/d)
Fluoride (mg/d)
Iodine (μg/d)
Iron (mg/d)
Infants
0–6 mo
210*
0.2*
200*
0.01*
110*
0.27*
7–12 mo
270*
5.5*
220*
0.5*
130*
11
Children
1–3 y
500*
11*
340
0.7*
90
7
4–8 y
800*
15*
440
1*
90
10
Males
9–13 y
1,300*
25*
700
2*
120
8
14–18 y
1,300*
35*
890
3*
150
11
19–30 y
1,000*
35*
900
4*
150
8
31–50 y
1,000*
35*
900
4*
150
8
51–70 y
1,200*
30*
900
4*
150
8
> 70 y
1,200*
30*
900
4*
150
8
Females
9–13 y
1,300*
21*
700
2*
120
8
14–18 y
1,300*
24*
890
3*
150
15
19–30 y
1,000*
25*
900
3*
150
18
31–50 y
1,000*
25*
900
3*
150
18
51–70 y
1,200*
20*
900
3*
150
8
> 70 y
1,200*
20*
900
3*
150
8
Pregnancy
≤ 18 y
1,300*
29*
1,000
3*
220
27
19–30 y
1,000*
30*
1,000
3*
220
27
31–50 y
1,000*
30*
1,000
3*
220
27
Lactation
≤ 18 y
1,300*
44*
1,300
3*
290
10
19–30 y
1,000*
45*
1,300
3*
290
9
31–50 y
1,000*
45*
1,300
3*
290
9
h Because 10 to 30 percent of older people may malabsorb food-bound B12, it is advisable for those older than 50 years to meet their RDA mainly by consuming foods fortified with B12 or a supplement containing B12.
i In view of evidence linking folate intake with neural tube defects in the fetus, it is recommended that all women capable of becoming pregnant consume 400 μg from supplements or fortified foods in addition to intake of food folate from a varied diet.
OCR for page 773
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
Magnesium (mg/d)
Manganese (mg/d)
Molybdenum (μg/d)
Phosphorus (mg/d)
Selenium (μg/d)
Zinc (mg/d)
30*
0.003*
2*
100*
15*
2*
75*
0.6*
3*
275*
20*
3
80
1.2*
17
460
20
3
130
1.5*
22
500
30
5
240
1.9*
34
1,250
40
8
410
2.2*
43
1,250
55
11
400
2.3*
45
700
55
11
420
2.3*
45
700
55
11
420
2.3*
45
700
55
11
420
2.3*
45
700
55
11
240
1.6*
34
1,250
40
8
360
1.6*
43
1,250
55
9
310
1.8*
45
700
55
8
320
1.8*
45
700
55
8
320
1.8*
45
700
55
8
320
1.8*
45
700
55
8
400
2.0*
50
1,250
60
12
350
2.0*
50
700
60
11
360
2.0*
50
700
60
11
360
2.6*
50
1,250
70
13
310
2.6*
50
700
70
12
320
2.6*
50
700
70
12
j It is assumed that women will continue consuming 400 μg from supplements or fortified food until their pregnancy is confirmed and they enter prenatal care, which ordinarily occurs after the end of the periconceptional period—the critical time for formation of the neural tube.
Copyright 2001 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
SOURCES: Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride (1997); Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (1998); Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamine E, Selenium, and Carotenoids (2000); and Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc (2001). These reports may be accessed via www.nap.edu.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
reference intakes
