Trade Name

Generic Name

Mechanism

Lioresal^64,73,92

Baclofen

Baclofen is a muscle relaxant and antispasmodic that works by inhibiting the nervous system. Its precise mechanism of action is unknown, although it is thought to inhibit the transmission of impulses between nerve cells. It is administered orally in pill form or via an intrathecal delivery system (a surgically implanted pump).

Zanaflex^64,73,92

Tizanidine

Tizanidine is an α₂-adrenergic agonist that reduces spasticity reducing the release of excitatory neurotransmitters and Substance P in the spinal cord. Its greatest effects are on polysynaptic pathways.

Klonopin⁶⁴

Clonazepam

Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine and is often prescribed as an anticonvulsant. Benzodiazepines belong to a group of medicines that slow down the central nervous system.

Neurontin^37,79

Gabapentin

Gabapentin is structurally related to the neurotransmitter GABA but it does not interact with GABA receptors. The mechanism by which it exerts its anticonvulsant action is unknown.

Botox^64,92

Botulinum A Toxin

Intramuscular injection typically results in a dosedependent reduction of hyperactive muscle contraction that lasts for an average of 12.5 weeks and is ultimately reversible. Botox is believed to produce its therapeutic effect by acting selectively on peripheral cholinergic nerve endings to inhibit the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction.

Dantrium^64,92

Dantrolene

Acts directly on skeletal muscle, probably by dissociating the excitation-contraction coupling mechanism as a result of interference with the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This results in a decreased force of reflex muscle contraction.