Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace: Low Back and Upper Extremities

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Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace: Low Back and Upper Extremities (2001)
Board on Human-Systems Integration (BOHSI)
Institute of Medicine (IOM)

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. "Work Now and In the Future." Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace: Low Back and Upper Extremities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2001.

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Page 332

TABLE 9.1 Employment by Major Industry Division, 1986, 1996, and Projected 2006 (after Franklin, 1997)

	Thousands of Jobs			Percent Distribution
Industry	1986	1996	2006	1986	1996	2006
Total^a	111,374	132,352	150,927	100.0	100.0	100.0
Nonfarm wage and salary^a	98,727	118,731	136,318	88.6	89.7	90.3
Goods producing	24,538	24,431	24,451	22.0	18.5	16.2
Mining	778	574	443	.7	.4	.3
Construction	4,810	5,400	5,900	3.3	3.1	3.9
Manufacturing	18,951	18,457	18,108	17.0	13.9	12.0
Durable	11,200	10,766	10,514	10.1	8.1	7.0
Nondurable	7,751	7,691	7,593	7.0	5.8	5.0
Service producing	74,189	94,300	111,867	66.6	71.2	73.1
Transportation, commnications, utilities	5,247	6,260	7,111	3.7	3.7	3.7
Wholesale trade	5,751	6,483	7,228	5.2	3.9	3.8
Retail trade	17,878	21,625	23,875	16.1	16.3	15.8
Finance, insurance and real estate	6,275	6,899	7,651	5.6	5.2	5.1
Services^b	22,346	33,586	44,852	20.1	25.4	29.7
Federal government	2,899	2,757	2,670	2.6	2.1	1.8
State and local government	13,794	16,690	18,480	12.4	12.6	12.2
Agriculture^c	3,327	3,642	3,618	3.0	2.8	2.4
Private household wage and salary	1,235	928	775	1.1	.7	.5
Nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family workers^d	8,085	9,051	10,216	7.3	6.8	6.8

^aEmployment data for wage and salary workers are from the BLS Current Employment Statistics (payroll) survey, which counts jobs, whereas self-employed, unpaid family worker, agricultural, and private household data are from the Current Population Survey (household survey), which counts workers.
^bExcludes SIC 074,5,8 (agricultural services) and 99 (nonclassifiable establishments), and is therefore not directly comparable with data published in Employment and Earnings.
^cExcludes government wage and salary workers, and includes private sector SIC 08.09 (forestry and fisheries).
^dExcludes SIC 08.09 (forestry and fisheries).

It can be seen that white-collar executive, managerial, and professional jobs are increasing along with technical, marketing, and service work. However, a decline is expected in the number of more physical jobs associated with agriculture, precision production, and operator/fabricator/ laborer. Even so, Silvestri (1997) suggests that approximately 26 percent