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A Risk-Management Strategy for PCB-Contaminated Sediments
Assessing Options
Identifying Options
Analyzing Options for
Benefits
Effectiveness
Costs
Feasibility
Adverse Consequences
conditions. The affected parties should be included in the identification, selection, and evaluation processes. Without a clear statement of goals, it is not possible to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of any management option at meeting those goals. Without adequate consideration of site-specific conditions, the comparison is incomplete. The primary purpose of this chapter is to outline the process of identifying and evaluating contaminated-sediment management options and identify the characteristics of specific technologies that influence their selection at a particular site.
IDENTIFYING OPTIONS
Among the many different regulatory and nonregulatory approaches to reducing and managing risks of contaminated sediments are
Socioeconomic options.
Institutional controls.
Offsets.
Source control.
Natural attenuation and recovery.
Biodegradation.
Sedimentation.
In situ treatment.
Enhanced natural attenuation.
Capping.
Multicomponent removal and ex situ treatment.
Dredging technologies.
Pretreatment technologies.
Ex situ treatment, storage, and disposal technologies.
Technologies for management of residual contaminants.
Often the identification of potential management options occurs simultaneously with the identification and analysis of risks and potential risks. Input from all affected parties, including the public, industry, local community-based organizations, and government, is critical to the identification of an
