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The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. To our knowledge, the retrospective mortality survey conducted in Ndjoundou camp in Congo-Brazzaville was the first of this type in a refugee setting. Since then, the same method has been used to document the exodus of Kosovar refugees in Albania and Montenegro in 1999 (Brown et al., 2000; Physicians for Human Rights, 1999). The testimony and advocacy activities, favored and reinforced by the validity of the information collected during these surveys, will obviously not protect a posteriori the victims of injustice, but they can have an impact on the prevention of violence against vulnerable civil populations in the future. Retrospective surveys of the history of migration should be multiplied during complex emergencies. At the same time, their methodology should be assessed and refined. REFERENCESBrown, V. , W. Perea , G. Godain , E. Dachy , and M. Valenciano 2000 Kosovar refugees in Montenegro and Albania . Refuge 18(5) : 43-45 . Goma Epidemiology Group 1995 Public health impact of Rwandan refugee crisis: What happened in Goma, Zaire, in July 1994? Lancet 345 : 339-344 . Millwood, D., ed. 1996 The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience . Humanitarian Aid and Effects . Geneva : Steering Committee of the Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda . Nabeth, P. 1997 Compte-rendu de mission à Tingi Tingi, Zaïre . Internal report, Epicentre, Paris, January 1997 . Nabeth, P. , C. Ndayambaje , A. Croisier , and M. Pédari 1997a Histoire des réfugiés rwandais ayant fui les camps du Kivu, Zaïre, de septembre 1996 à juin 1997 . Résultats d'une enquête effectuée parmi les survivants du camp de Ndjoundou, au Congo. Internal report, Epicentre, Paris, September 1997 . Nabeth, P. , B. Vasset , P. Guérin , B. Doppler , and M. Tectonidis 1997b Health situation of refugees in eastern Zaire . Lancet 349 : 1031-1032 . Paquet, C. , and M. Van Soest 1994 Mortality and malnutrition among Rwandan refugees in Zaire . Lancet 344 : 823-824 . Physicians for Human Rights 1999 War Crimes in Kosovo: A Population-Based Assessment of Human Rights Violations of Kosovar Albanians by Serb Forces . Boston : Physicians for Human Rights .
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