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GLOSSARY
Cognitive Rapping. The ability to understand the layout of the
larger spatial environment in which purposeful activity is undertaken.
Disability. Limitations in carrying out tasks, involving such
factors as motivation, training, and resources needed to accomplish
tasks.
Electronic Travel Aid METED. Also electronic mobility aid. Any one
of several electronic devices on the market designed to detect
obstacles or to orient the blind or visually-impaired traveler.
Examples include the Russell Pathsounder, the Laser Cane, the SONA aid
system. A type of sensory aid.
Handicap. Limitations in performing social roles or socially
structured sets of tasks.
Impair ent. The lasting consequences of pathology, affecting parts
of the organism. Loss of vision or low vision arising from retina'
destruction or deformities of the eye or through neurological damage.
Decal Blindness. An administrative definition used by some federal,
state and private programs. Defined as 20/200 acuity or worse in the
better eye with correction or a visual field of 20 degrees diameter or
less.
Lo. Vision. Impaired vision which even after optical correction is
severe enough to affect one's functioning visually. Visual acuity of
20/70 or less in the better eye is one commonly used objective
measure. (Excludes people who are totally blind.)
Mobility. Generally, movement from place to place.
mean movement undertaken to reach a destination,
elements of orientation and obstacle avoidance.
Used here to
implicitly involving
Mobility Specialist. An individual with training in the mobility
problems of blind and visually-impaired persons, usually holding a B.A.
or M.A. degree, whose primary job it is to assist the visually-impaired
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92
person in learning how to travel efficiently, effectively, and safely,
including training in the use of mobility aids. Referred to elsewhere
as orientators, orientation and mobility instructors, and
peripatologists.
Orientation.
-
Collection and organization of information concerning
the environment and one's relationship to it. For the
visually-impaired person this involves the process of utilizing the
remaining senses in establishing one's position and relationship to all
other significant objects in one's environment.
Pathology. A medically determined disease or disorder {including
trauma, structural abnormality, etc.~.
Preprocessing. The processing of data by a machine prior to its
presentation to the user in a coded form.
Transducers. Electronic component that translates physical energy of
one type into energy of another type. Usually used in conjunction with
a sensor.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
vision arising
