• Front Matter R1-R26

• Executive Summary 1-10

• 1 Introduction 11-21

• 2 Outcomes of Wetland Restoration and Creation 22-45

• 3 Watershed Setting 46-59

• 4 Wetland Permitting: History and Overview 60-81

• 5 Compensatory Mitigation Mechanisms Under Section 404 82-93

• 6 Mitigation Compliance 94-122

• 7 Technical Approaches Toward Achieving No Net Loss 123-137

• 8 Institutional Reforms for Enhancing Compensatory Mitigation 138-168

• References 169-186

• Appendix A Survey of Studies: Comparison of Mitigation and Natural Wetlands 187-198

• Appendix B Case Studies 199-210

• Appendix C Analyses of Soil, Plant, and Animal Communities for Mitigation Sites Compared with Reference Sites 211-216

• Appendix D California Department of Fish and Game, South Coast Region; Guidelines for Wetland Mitigation 217-218

• Appendix E Examples of Performance Standards for Wetland Creation and Restoration in Section 404 Permits and an Approach to Developing Performance Standards 219-233

• Appendix F Memorandum for Commanders, Major Subordinate Commands, and District Commands, April 8, 1999 234-238

• Appendix G Army Corps of Engineers Standard Operating Procedures for the Regulatory Program 239-284

• Appendix H Selected Attributes of 40 Common Wetland Functional Assessment Procedures 285-291

• Appendix I Functions, Factors, and Values Considered in Section 404 Permit Reviews 292-293

• Appendix J Biographical Sketches of Committee Members 294-298

• Glossary 299-304

• Index 305-322

" 4 Wetland Permitting: History and Overview ." Compensating for Wetland Losses Under the Clean Water Act . Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2001 .

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