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« Previous: Appendix B: Transit Contracting Survey Parts 1 and 2 with List of Recipients and Respondents
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Tabulations of Responses to Survey Part 1." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2001. Contracting for Bus and Demand-Responsive Transit Services: A Survey of U.S. Practice and Experience: Special Report 258. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10141.
×

APPENDIX C
Tabulations of Responses to Survey Part 1

TABLE C-1 Does your agency contract for any public transit services?

Any Contracting

Systems

Percent

Yes

156

60.2%

No

103

39.8%

Total Responding

259

100.0%

TABLE C-2 For what type of organization do you work? (Survey response pattern by system type compared with pattern for all systems receiving the survey.)

Organization Type

Contracting Systems

Percent

Non-contracting Systems

Percent

Total Responding Systems

Percent

Non-responding Systems

Percent

Regional Transit Agency

69

44.2%

37

35.9%

106

40.9%

95

39.1%

City Agency

53

34.0%

48

46.6%

101

39.0%

103

42.4%

County Agency

16

10.3%

10

9.7%

26

10.0%

37

15.2%

State Transit Agency

2

1.3%

2

1.9%

4

1.5%

3

1.2%

Other

16

10.3%

6

5.8%

22

8.5%

5

2.1%

Total Responding

156

100.0%

103

100.0%

259

100.0%

243

100.0%

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Tabulations of Responses to Survey Part 1." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2001. Contracting for Bus and Demand-Responsive Transit Services: A Survey of U.S. Practice and Experience: Special Report 258. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10141.
×

TABLE C-3 Please tell us about the transit services that your agency provides.

Type of Service

Directly Operated

Contracted

Responding Systems

Percent Contracted

Bus

151

82

203

40.4%

DR (ADA)

87

121

188

64.4%

DR (Dial-a-Ride)

27

71

83

85.5%

Commuter Rail

5

7

11

63.6%

Heavy Rail

10

0

10

0.0%

Light Rail

10

1

10

10.0%

Vanpool

12

13

24

54.2%

Ferryboat

3

8

11

72.7%

Other

3

7

9

77.8%

NOTE: DR=demand-responsive service.

TABLE C-4 What type of services do you contract?

Type of Service

Total Contracts

Percent

DR

170

61.4%

Fixed-Route Bus

98

35.4%

Ferry

4

1.4%

Commuter Rail

3

1.1%

Vanpool

2

0.7%

Total Responding

277

100.0%

TABLE C-5 Number of Contracts Reported by Responding Systems

No. of Contracts Reported

Responding Systems

Percent

1

62

40.3%

2

68

44.2%

3

17

11.0%

4

7

4.5%

Total Responding

154

100.0%

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Tabulations of Responses to Survey Part 1." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2001. Contracting for Bus and Demand-Responsive Transit Services: A Survey of U.S. Practice and Experience: Special Report 258. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10141.
×

TABLE C-6 Service Contractor’s Organization Type

Contractor Organization Type

Bus

Percent

DR

Percent

Other

Total Contracts

Percent

Private for-profit

79

81.4%

114

68.3%

5

198

72.5%

Private non-profit

6

6.2%

30

18.0%

2

38

13.9%

Public

11

11.3%

21

12.6%

2

34

12.5%

Other

1

1.0%

2

1.2%

0

3

1.1%

Total Responding

97

100.0%

167

100.0%

9

273

100.0%

TABLE C-7 Describe the type of service(s) provided under the current contract.

Types of Services

Bus

DR

Other

Percent

Local Bus

79

 

80.6%

Express Bus

38

38.8%

Community Circulator

22

22.4%

Downtown/Parking Shuttle

6

6.1%

Fixed Route Total

98

 

DR (ADA)

 

135

 

79.4%

DR (Dial-a-Ride)

69

40.6%

DR Total

170

 

Commuter Rail

 

3

 

Vanpool

2

Ferry

4

TABLE C-8 These services can best be described as…

Service Geography

Bus

Percent

DR

Percent

Other

Total Contracts

Percent

Urban

69

71.1%

59

65.6%

5

133

68.6%

Suburban

49

50.5%

34

37.8%

3

86

44.3%

Rural

10

10.3%

18

20.0%

2

30

15.5%

Total Responding

97

 

90

 

7

194

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Tabulations of Responses to Survey Part 1." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2001. Contracting for Bus and Demand-Responsive Transit Services: A Survey of U.S. Practice and Experience: Special Report 258. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10141.
×

TABLE C-9 Year Current Contract Was Awarded

Year of Current Contract Award

Bus

Percent

DR

Percent

Other

Total Contracts

Percent

1989–1990

1

1.0%

1

0.6%

0

2

0.7%

1991–1995

8

8.2%

12

7.3%

0

20

7.4%

1996–1997

22

22.4%

31

18.9%

0

53

19.6%

1998–1999

32

32.7%

67

40.9%

5

104

38.4%

2000–2001

35

35.7%

53

32.3%

4

92

33.9%

Total Responding

98

100.0%

164

100.0%

9

271

100.0%

TABLE C-10 Year Previous Contract Was Awarded

Year of Previous Contract Award

Bus

Percent

DR

Percent

Other

Total Contracts

Percent

1990 and prior

5

6.6%

5

3.6%

0

9

4.2%

1991–1995

46

60.5%

71

51.4%

3

119

55.9%

1996–2000

25

32.9%

62

44.9%

5

85

39.9%

Total Responding

76

100.0%

138

100.0%

8

213

100.0%

TABLE C-11 Number of Times Service Has Been Rebid

No. of Rebids

Bus

Percent

DR

Percent

Other

Total Contracts

Percent

Still in First Cycle (No Rebids)

15

17.4%

20

13.4%

2

37

15.3%

1or 2

26

30.2%

48

32.2%

3

77

31.8%

3 or 4

28

32.6%

53

35.6%

2

83

34.3%

5–10

17

19.8%

20

13.4%

0

37

15.3%

Over 10

0

0.0%

8

5.4%

0

8

3.3%

Total Responding

86

100.0%

149

100.0%

7

242

100.0%

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Tabulations of Responses to Survey Part 1." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2001. Contracting for Bus and Demand-Responsive Transit Services: A Survey of U.S. Practice and Experience: Special Report 258. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10141.
×

TABLE C-12 Number of Times the Contractor for Service Has changed

No. of Contractor Changes

Bus

Percent

DR

Percent

Other

Total Contracts

Percent

0

45

46.9%

82

53.9%

5

132

51.6%

1

22

22.9%

26

17.1%

1

49

19.1%

2

13

13.5%

19

12.5%

2

34

13.3%

3

13

13.5%

15

9.9%

0

28

10.9%

4 or more

3

3.1%

10

6.6%

0

13

5.1%

Total Responding

96

100.0%

152

100.0%

8

256

100.0%

TABLE C-13 Number of Contractor Changes for Contracts That Have Been Rebid at Least Once, by Service Type

No. of Contractor Changes

Bus

Percent

DR

Percent

Other

Total Contracts

Percent

0

26

36.1%

53

45.7%

3

82

42.3%

1

17

23.6%

19

16.4%

1

37

19.1%

2

13

18.1%

19

16.4%

2

34

17.5%

3

13

18.1%

15

12.9%

0

28

14.4%

4 or more

3

4.2%

10

8.6%

0

13

6.7%

Total Responding

72

100.0%

116

100.0%

6

194

100.0%

TABLE C-14 Services Provided Under Current Award

 

Bus

Percent

DR

Percent

Other

Total Contracts

Percent

Replacements for in-house service

21

23.3%

30

19.5%

1

52

20.6%

Replacements for previous contract services

53

58.9%

75

48.7%

3

131

51.8%

New

26

28.9%

31

20.1%

3

60

23.7%

Supplemental

0

0.0%

13

8.4%

0

13

5.1%

Ongoing

1

1.1%

14

9.1%

2

17

6.7%

Total Responding

90

 

154

 

9

253

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Tabulations of Responses to Survey Part 1." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2001. Contracting for Bus and Demand-Responsive Transit Services: A Survey of U.S. Practice and Experience: Special Report 258. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10141.
×

TABLE C-15 Most Recent Number of Bidders for Current Award

No. of Bidders

Bus

Percent

DR

Percent

Other

Total Contracts

Percent

1

16

18.4%

41

28.5%

2

59

24.7%

2

13

14.9%

36

25.0%

3

52

21.8%

3

25

28.7%

23

16.0%

2

50

20.9%

4

14

16.1%

16

11.1%

1

31

13.0%

5 or more

19

21.8%

28

19.4%

0

47

19.7%

Total Responding

87

100.0%

144

100.0%

8

239

100.0%

TABLE C-16 Number of Bidders Previous Time Contract Was Awarded

No. of Bidders

Bus

Percent

DR

Percent

Other

Total Contracts

Percent

1

9

12.0%

31

26.7%

2

42

21.5%

2

15

20.0%

30

25.9%

0

45

23.1%

3

26

34.7%

22

19.0%

1

49

25.1%

4

13

17.3%

14

12.1%

1

28

14.4%

5 or more

12

16.0%

19

16.4%

0

31

15.9%

Total Responding

75

100.0%

116

100.0%

4

195

100.0%

TABLE C-17 Change in Number of Bidders: Current Award Compared with Last Time Contract Was Awarded, by Service Type

Change in No. of Bidders

Bus

Percent

DR

Percent

Other

Total Contracts

Percent

Decrease 3+

3

4.1%

4

3.6%

0

7

3.7%

Decrease 1–2

15

20.5%

31

27.7%

1

47

24.9%

No change

33

45.2%

58

51.8%

1

92

48.7%

Increase 1–2

18

24.7%

16

14.3%

2

36

19.0%

Increase 3+

4

5.5%

3

2.7%

0

7

3.7%

Total Responding

73

100.0%

112

100.0%

4

189

100.0%

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Tabulations of Responses to Survey Part 1." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2001. Contracting for Bus and Demand-Responsive Transit Services: A Survey of U.S. Practice and Experience: Special Report 258. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10141.
×

TABLE C-18 Change in Number of Bidders: Current Award Compared with Last Time Contract Was Awarded, by Service Type (Excluding Contracts That Had Only One Bid in Previous Cycle)

Change in No. of Bidders

Bus

Percent

DR

Percent

Other

Total Contracts

Percent

Decrease 3+

3

4.6%

4

4.8%

0

7

4.7%

Decrease 1–2

15

23.1%

31

37.3%

1

47

31.3%

No change

27

41.5%

34

41.0%

0

61

40.7%

Increase 1–2

18

27.7%

11

13.3%

1

30

20.0%

Increase 3+

2

3.1%

3

3.6%

0

5

3.3%

Total Responding

65

100.0%

83

100.0%

2

150

100.0%

TABLE C-19 Average Annual Contract Dollar Amount

Contract Amount (Millions)

Bus

Percent

DR

Percent

Other

Total Contracts

Percent

$0.1 and under

8

8.4%

23

15.1%

0

31

12.2%

$0.1–$0.5

24

25.3%

38

25.0%

0

62

24.4%

$0.5–$1.0

16

16.8%

20

13.2%

4

40

15.7%

$1.0–$3.0

22

23.2%

40

26.3%

1

63

24.8%

$3.0–$5.0

7

7.4%

15

9.9%

0

22

8.7%

Over $5.0

18

18.9%

16

10.5%

2

36

14.2%

Total Responding

95

100.0%

152

100.0%

7

254

100.0%

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Tabulations of Responses to Survey Part 1." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2001. Contracting for Bus and Demand-Responsive Transit Services: A Survey of U.S. Practice and Experience: Special Report 258. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10141.
×

TABLE C-20 Total Years Initial Term of Award Will Be in Effect

Years

Bus

Percent

DR

Percent

Other

Total Contracts

Percent

1

13

14.6%

36

22.5%

2

51

19.9%

2

6

6.7%

21

13.1%

1

28

10.9%

3

52

58.4%

63

39.4%

1

116

45.3%

4

3

3.4%

8

5.0%

0

11

4.3%

5

13

14.6%

30

18.8%

3

46

18.0%

Over 5

2

2.2%

2

1.3%

0

4

1.6%

Total Responding

89

100.0%

160

100.0%

9

256

100.0%

TABLE C-21 Does contract have an option to extend terms and for how long?

Years in Option

Bus

Percent

DR

Percent

Other

Total Contracts

Percent

1

4

4.1%

8

4.7%

0

12

4.3%

2

40

40.8%

62

36.5%

0

102

36.8%

3

9

9.2%

16

9.4%

1

26

9.4%

4+

7

7.1%

13

7.6%

0

20

7.2%

Unspecified

6

6.1%

11

6.5%

2

19

6.9%

No Option

32

32.7%

60

35.3%

6

98

35.4%

Total Responding

98

100.0%

170

100.0%

9

277

100.0%

TABLE C-2 2 What is the payment basis for this contract?

Payment Basis

Sole Factor

Partial Factor

Sole or Partial

Percent

Cost+Fixed Fee

55

11

66

25.5%

Revenue Miles

13

20

33

12.7%

Revenue Hours

52

36

88

34.0%

Vehicle Miles

7

5

12

4.6%

Vehicle Hours

33

9

42

16.2%

Passengers

25

4

29

11.2%

Service Zones

1

2

3

1.2%

Fixed Fee

9

23

32

12.4%

Trips

7

7

14

5.4%

Total Responding

202

117

259

100.0%

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Tabulations of Responses to Survey Part 1." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2001. Contracting for Bus and Demand-Responsive Transit Services: A Survey of U.S. Practice and Experience: Special Report 258. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10141.
×

TABLE C-23 Payment Basis by Service Type

 

Bus

DR

Payment Basis Summarized

Sole

Partial

Sole/Part

Percent

Sole

Partial

Sole/Part

Percent

Cost+Fixed Fee

27

1

28

29.2%

24

10

34

21.8%

Fixed

8

10

18

18.8%

1

12

13

8.3%

Hours

34

16

50

52.1%

50

28

78

50.0%

Miles

8

10

18

18.8%

12

14

26

16.7%

Passengers

0

0

0

0.0%

25

3

28

17.9%

Other

1

0

1

1.0%

7

9

16

10.3%

Total Responding

78

37

96

100.0%

119

76

156

100.0%

TABLE C-24 How does your agency treat fare revenues under this contract?

Treatment of Fares

Bus

Percent

DR

Percent

Others

Total Contracts

Percent

Direct offset

60

64.5%

121

77.6%

4

185

72.3%

Kept by agency

25

26.9%

17

10.9%

2

44

17.2%

Kept by contractor

5

5.4%

12

7.7%

0

17

6.6%

Other

3

3.2%

6

3.8%

1

10

3.9%

Total Responding

93

100.0%

156

100.0%

7

256

100.0%

TABLE C-25 What contractor performance provisions does this contract have?

Provision

Bus

Percent

DR

Percent

Others

Total Contracts

Percent

Liquidated damages

45

45.9%

61

35.9%

1

107

38.6%

Incentives

25

25.5%

45

26.5%

3

73

26.4%

Penalties

43

43.9%

72

42.4%

4

119

43.0%

Total Responding

98

 

170

 

9

277

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Tabulations of Responses to Survey Part 1." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2001. Contracting for Bus and Demand-Responsive Transit Services: A Survey of U.S. Practice and Experience: Special Report 258. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10141.
×

TABLE C-26 How many revenue vehicles are provided under this contract and who provides them?

Source of Vehicles

Bus

Percent

DR

Percent

Others

Total Contracts

Percent

By agency

69

72.6%

72

48.3%

5

146

58.2%

By contractor

20

21.1%

57

38.3%

1

78

31.1%

Mixed

6

6.3%

20

13.4%

1

27

10.8%

Total Responding

95

100.0%

149

100.0%

7

251

100.0%

TABLE C-27 What equipment or facilities does the contractor provide for this contract?

Equipment/Facilities Provided by Contractor

Bus

Percent

DR

Percent

Others

Total Contracts

Percent

Bus storage facilities

53

71.6%

107

78.7%

1

161

75.2%

Maintenance facilities

49

66.2%

100

73.5%

1

150

70.1%

Maintenance equipment

49

66.2%

94

69.1%

2

145

67.8%

Nonrevenue vehicles

41

55.4%

78

57.4%

0

119

55.6%

Schedule hard/software

28

37.8%

62

45.6%

2

92

43.0%

Other

7

9.5%

12

8.8%

2

21

9.8%

Total Responding

74

 

136

 

4

214

 

TABLE C-28 What services does the contractor provide for this contract?

Services Provided by Contractor

DR Contracts

Percent

Dispatch

140

92.1%

Reservations

110

72.4%

Call taking

107

70.4%

Routing

105

69.1%

Eligibility

31

20.4%

Other

30

19.7%

Total Responding

152

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Tabulations of Responses to Survey Part 1." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2001. Contracting for Bus and Demand-Responsive Transit Services: A Survey of U.S. Practice and Experience: Special Report 258. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10141.
×
Page 186
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Tabulations of Responses to Survey Part 1." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2001. Contracting for Bus and Demand-Responsive Transit Services: A Survey of U.S. Practice and Experience: Special Report 258. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10141.
×
Page 187
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Tabulations of Responses to Survey Part 1." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2001. Contracting for Bus and Demand-Responsive Transit Services: A Survey of U.S. Practice and Experience: Special Report 258. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10141.
×
Page 188
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Tabulations of Responses to Survey Part 1." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2001. Contracting for Bus and Demand-Responsive Transit Services: A Survey of U.S. Practice and Experience: Special Report 258. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10141.
×
Page 189
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Tabulations of Responses to Survey Part 1." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2001. Contracting for Bus and Demand-Responsive Transit Services: A Survey of U.S. Practice and Experience: Special Report 258. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10141.
×
Page 190
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Tabulations of Responses to Survey Part 1." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2001. Contracting for Bus and Demand-Responsive Transit Services: A Survey of U.S. Practice and Experience: Special Report 258. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10141.
×
Page 191
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Tabulations of Responses to Survey Part 1." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2001. Contracting for Bus and Demand-Responsive Transit Services: A Survey of U.S. Practice and Experience: Special Report 258. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10141.
×
Page 192
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Tabulations of Responses to Survey Part 1." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2001. Contracting for Bus and Demand-Responsive Transit Services: A Survey of U.S. Practice and Experience: Special Report 258. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10141.
×
Page 193
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Tabulations of Responses to Survey Part 1." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2001. Contracting for Bus and Demand-Responsive Transit Services: A Survey of U.S. Practice and Experience: Special Report 258. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10141.
×
Page 194
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Tabulations of Responses to Survey Part 1." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2001. Contracting for Bus and Demand-Responsive Transit Services: A Survey of U.S. Practice and Experience: Special Report 258. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10141.
×
Page 195
Next: Appendix D: Tabulations of Responses to Survey Part 2 »
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In the interest of learning more about contracting as a method of transit service delivery, the 1998 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) called on the Transportation Research Board (TRB) to conduct a study of contracting by recipients of federal transit grants. TEA-21 called for an examination of the extent and practice of transit service contracting and its effects on operating costs, customer service, safety, and other aspects of service quality and quantity. To conduct the study, TRB convened a 12-member committee of experts in public transportation management, labor, economics, and public policy. In carrying out the study, the committee reviewed previous reports on transit service contracting; conducted its own nationwide survey of public transit systems and their general managers; and interviewed transit managers, labor union leaders, contractors, and members of transit policy boards. Resulting findings and conclusions are summarized in this report, along with additional insights and ideas for follow-on study. The contents are organized as follows: (1) Introduction; (2) Public and Private Provision of Transit in the United States; (3) Conceptual Framework and Previous Studies on Contracting; (4) Transit Service Contracting in the United States: Extent and Practice; (5) Transit Contracting Experiences and Advice from General Managers; and (6) Summary and Assessment.

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