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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2001. Improving Operations and Long-Term Safety of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10143.
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References

Apostolakis, G. E., C. Guedes Soares, S. Kondos, J. C. Helton, and M. G. Marietta, 2000. The 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. Reliability Engineering and System Safety. Special Issue: The 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant; 69(1-3): 1-456.

Berglund, J. W., J. Myers, L. R. Lenke, 1996. Memorandum to Margaret Chu. Estimate of the Tensile Strength of Degraded Waste for use in Solids Blowout. July 19, 1996. Albuquerque, N.M.: New Mexico Engineering Research Institute.

Berglund, J. W., J. W. Garner, J. C. Helton, J. D. Johnson, and L. N. Smith, 2000. Direct Releases to the Surface and Associated Complementary Cumulative Distribution Functions in the 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant: Cuttings, Cavings and Spallings. Reliability Engineering and System Safety. Special Issue: The 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant; 69(1-3): 263-304.

Bredehoeft, J., and J. Gerstle, 1997. The Hartman Scenario Revisited, Implications for WIPP. Prepared for New Mexico Attorney General, August, 1997. La Honda, Calif.: The Hydrodynamics Group.

Callahan, G. D., and K. L. Devries, 1991. Analyses of Backfilled Transuranic Wastes Disposal Rooms. SAND91-7051. Albuquerque, N.M.: Sandia National Laboratories.

Corbet, T. F., and P. N. Swift, 2000. The Geologic and Hydrogeologic Setting of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. Reliability Engineering and System Safety. Special Issue: The 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant; 69(1-3): 47-58.

Earth Technology Corporation (ETC), 1988. Final Report for Time Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) Surveys at the WIPP Site. SAND87-7144. Albuquerque, N.M.: Sandia National Laboratories.

Francis, A. J., J. B. Gillow, and M. R. Giles, 1997. Microbial Gas Generation Under Expected Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Repository Conditions. SAND 96-2582. Albuquerque, N.M.: Sandia National Laboratories.

Galson, D. A., P. N. Swift, D. R. Anderson, D. G. Bennett, M. B. Crawford, T. W. Hicks, R. D. Wilmot, and G. Basabilvazo, 2000 Scenario Development for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Compliance Certification Application. Reliability Engineering and System Safety. Special Issue: The 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant; 69(1-3): 129-150.

Gerstle, W., and J. Bredehoeft, 1997. Linear Elastic Model for Hydrofracture at WIPP and Comparison with BRAGFLO Results. September, 1997. Prepared for the New Mexico Attorney General, Department of Civil Engineering. Albuquerque, N.M: University of New Mexico.

Hansen, F. D., and M. K. Knowles, 2000. Design and Analysis of a Shaft Seal System for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. Reliability Engineering and System Safety. Special Issue: The 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant; 69(1-3): 87-98.

Hansen, F. D., M. K. Knowles, T.W. Thompson, M. Gross, J. D. McLennan, and J. F. Schatz, 1997. Description and Evaluation of a Mechanistically Based Conceptual Model for Spall. SAND97-1369. Albuquerque, N.M.: Sandia National Laboratories.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2001. Improving Operations and Long-Term Safety of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10143.
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Helton, J. C., D. R. Anderson, G. Basabilvazo, H.-N. Jow, and M. G. Marietta, 2000a. Conceptual Structure of the 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. Reliability Engineering and System Safety. Special Issue: The 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant; 69(1-3): 151-166.

Helton, J. C., M.-A. Martell, and M. S. Tierney, 2000b. Characterization of Subjective Uncertainty in the 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. Reliability Engineering and System Safety. Special Issue: The 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant; 69(1-3): 191-204.

Helton, J. C., F. J. Davis, and J. D. Johnson, 2000c. Characterization of Stochastic Uncertainty in the 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. Reliability Engineering and System Safety. Special Issue: The 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant; 69(1-3): 167-190.

Helton, J. C., J. E. Bean, K. Economy, J. W. Garner, R. J. MacKinnon, J. Miller, J. D. Schreiber, and P. Vaughn, 2000d. Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis for the Two-Phase Flow in the Vicinity of the Repository in the 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant: Undisturbed Conditions. Reliability Engineering and System Safety. Special Issue: The 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant; 69(1-3): 227-262.

Helton, J. C., J. E. Bean, K. Economy, J. W. Garner, R. J. MacKinnon, J. Miller, J. D. Schreiber, and P. Vaughn, 2000e. Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis for the Two-Phase Flow in the Vicinity of the Repository in the 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant: Disturbed Conditions. Reliability Engineering and System Safety. Special Issue: The 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant; 69(1-3): 263-304.

Howard, B. A., M. B. Crawford, D. A. Galson, and M. G. Marietta, 2000. Regulatory Basis for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Performance Assessment. Reliability Engineering and System Safety. Special Issue: The 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant; 69(1-3): 109-128.

Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). 1998. TRUPACT-II Matrix Depletion Program. Final Report. INEEL/EXT-98-00987. Rev. 0. Idaho Falls: Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory.

Jensen, A. L., R. L. Jones, E. N. Lorusso, and C. L. Howard, 1993. Large-Scale Brine Inflow Data Report for Room Q Prior to November 25, 1991. SAND92-1173. Albuquerque, N.M.: Sandia National Laboratories.

Knowles, M. K., and K. M. Economy, 2000. Evaluation of Brine Inflow at a Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. Water Environment Research; 72(4): 397-404.

Knowles, M. D., F. D. Hansen, T. W. Thompson, J. F. Schatz, and M. Gross, 2000. Review and Perspectives on Spallings Release Models in the 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. Reliability Engineering and System Safety. Special Issue: The 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant; 69(1-3): 331-341.

Krumhansl J. L., M. A. Molecke, H. W. Papenguth, and L. H. Brush, 1999. A Historical Review of Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Backfill Development, Proc. ICEM '99 Nagoya, Japan.

Lappin, A. R., and R. L. Hunter, eds., 1989. Systems Analysis, Long-Term Radionuclide Transport, and Dose Assessments, Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), Southeastern New Mexico. SAND89-0462. Albuquerque, N.M.: Sandia National Laboratories.

Larson, K. W, 2000. Development of the Conceptual Models for Chemical Conditions and Hydrology Used in the 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. Reliability Engineering and System Safety. Special Issue: The 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant; 69(1-3): 59-86.

Lechel, D. J., and C. D. Leigh, 1998. Plutonium-238 Transuranic Waste Decision Analysis. SAND98-2629. Albuquerque, N. M.: Sandia National Laboratories.

Molecke, M. A., 1979a. Gas Generation from Transuranic Waste Degradation: Data Summary and Interpretation. SAND79-1245. Albuquerque, N.M.: Sandia National Laboratories.

Molecke, M. A., 1979b. Gas Generation Potential from TRU Wastes. Chapter 3: Summary of Research and Development Activities in Support of Waste Acceptance Criteria for WIPP. SAND79-1305. Albuquerque, N.M.: Sandia National Laboratories.

National Research Council (NRC), 1957. The Disposal of Radioactive Waste on Land. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

NRC, 1984. Review of the Scientific and Technical Criteria for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). Washington, D.C.: National Research Council.

NRC, 1988. Report on Brine Accumulation in the WIPP Facility. Washington, D.C.: National Research Council.

NRC, 1992. WIPP Letter Report (addressing the underground experimental plan with TRU wastes) to the Honorable Leo P. Duffy, Assistant Secretary of the U.S. DOE Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

NRC, 1996a. The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, A Potential Solution for the Disposal of Transuranic Waste. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2001. Improving Operations and Long-Term Safety of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10143.
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NRC, 1996b. Rock Fractures and Fluid Flow. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

NRC, 2000. Improving Operations and Long-Term Safety of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, Interim Report. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

Neill, H. R., and R. H. Neill, 2000. Transportation of Transuranic Nuclear Waste to WIPP: A Reconsideration of Truck Versus Rail for Two Sites. Natural Resources Journal; 40(1): 93-124.

Novak C. F., and R. C.Moore, 1996. Estimates of dissolved concentrations for +III, +IV, +V, and +VI actinides in a Salado and a Castile brine under anticipated repository conditions. Memorandum to M. D. Siegel, March 28, 1996. Albuquerque, N.M.: Sandia National Laboratories.

Oversby, V. M., 2000. Plutonium Chemistry Under Conditions Relevant for WIPP Performance Assessment. Review of Experimental Results and Recommendations for Future Work. EEG-77, DOE/AL58309-77. Albuquerque, N.M.: Environmental Evaluation Group.

Papenguth, H., J. Kelly, D. Lucero, J. Krumhansl, H. Anderson, P. Zhang, F. Stohl, N. Brodsky and D. Coffey, 1999. MgO Disposal Room Chemistry. Not published. Presentation at Sandia National Laboratories Technical Exchange, February 10, 1999, Carlsbad, New Mexico.

Popielak, R. S., R. L Beauheim, S. R. Black, W. E. Coons, C. T. Ellingson, and R. L. Olsen, 1983. Brine Reservoirs in the Castile Formation, Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) Project, Southeastern New Mexico. TME-3153. Carlsbad, N.M.: U.S. Department of Energy.

Ramsey, J. L., R. Blaine, J. W. Garner, J. C. Helton, J. D. Johnson, L. N. Smith and M. Wallace. 2000. Radionuclide and Colloid Transport in the Culebra Dolomite and Associated Complementary Cumulative Distribution Functions in the 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. Reliability Engineering and System Safety. Special Issue: The 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant; 69(1-3): 397-420.

Rechard, R. P., 2000. Historical Background on Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. Reliability Engineering and System Safety. Special Issue: The 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant; 69(1-3): 5-46.

Silva, M. K., 1996. Fluid Injection for Salt Water Disposal and Enhanced Oil Recovery as a Potential Problem for the WIPP: Proceedings of a June 1995 Workshop and Analysis. EEG-62. Albuquerque, N.M.: Environmental Evaluation Group.

Silva, M. K., D. F. Rucker, and L. Chaturvedi, 1999. Resolution of the Long-Term Performance Issues at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. Rick Analysis; 19(2): 1003-1016.

Stoelzel, D. M and D. G.O'Brien, 1996. Analysis Package for the BRAGFLO Direct Release Calculations (Task 4) of the Performance Assessment Analysis Supporting the Compliance Certification Application. Sandia WIPP Central Files, WPO #45020. Albuquerque, N.M.: Sandia National Laboratories.

Stoelzel, D. M, D. G. O'Brien, J. W. Garner, J. C. Helton, J. D. Johnson, and L. N. Smith, 2000. Direct Releases to the Surface and Associated Complementary Cumulative Distribution Functions in the 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant: Direct Brine Release. Reliability Engineering and System Safety. Special Issue: The 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. 69(1-3): 343-368.

Stone, C. M., 1997. Final Disposal Room Response Calculations. SAND97-0795. Albuquerque, N.M.: Sandia National Laboratories.

Swift, P. N., R. L. Beauheim, P. Vaughn, and K. W. Larson, 1997 Response to John Bredehoeft's memorandum of July 1997 titled “Rebuttal: Technical Review of the Hartman Scenario: Implication for WIPP by Swift, Stoelzel, Beauheim, and Vaughn.”. Memorandum to Marget S. Y. Chu, August 1997. Albuquerque, N.M.: Sandia National Laboratories.

Telander, M. R., and R. E. Westerman, 1997. Hydrogen Generation by Metal Corrosion in Simulated Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Environments. SAND96-2538. Albuquerque, N.M.: Sandia National Laboratories.

U.S. Congress, 1992. Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Land Withdrawal Act. P.L. 102-579. Legislative Report for the 102nd Congress.

U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), 1996a. Title 40 CFR Part 191 Compliance Certification Application for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (21 volumes). DOE/CAO 1996-2184. Carlsbad, N.M: Carlsbad Area Office.

DOE, 1996b. Citizens' Guide to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Compliance Certification Application to the EPA. DOE/CAO 1996-1207. Carlsbad, N.M: Carlsbad Area Office

DOE, 1999. DOE Waste Acceptance Criteria for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. Revision 7. November 8, 1999. DOE/WIPP-069. Carlsbad, N.M: Carlsbad Field Office.

DOE, 2000a. National TRU Waste Management Plan. DOE/NTP-96-1204, Draft, July 31, 2000. Revision 2. Carlsbad, N.M.: Carlsbad Area Office.

DOE, 2000b. Re-evaluation of MgO Emplacement Doses at WIPP. WIPP Radiological Control Position Paper. 2000-07. Draft. Carlsbad, N.M.: Carlsbad Area Office.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2001. Improving Operations and Long-Term Safety of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10143.
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DOE, 2000c. CH-TRU Waste Transportation System Rail Study. DOE/WIPP 00-2016. Carlsbad, N.M.: Carlsbad Area Office.

DOE, 2000d. The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. Pioneering Nuclear Waste Disposal. DOE/CAO-00-3124. Carlsbad, N.M.: Carlsbad Area Office.

DOE, 2000e. Emergency Response Training Draws Professionals from Seven States. In United States Department of Energy News, August 18, 2000 [on-line]. Available: http://www.wipp.carlsbad.nm.us/pr/2000-1/trainer.pdf [December 15, 2000].

DOE, 2000f. In Compliance Certification Application for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. Citizen's Guide [on-line]. Available: http://www.wipp.carlsbad.nm.us/library/cca/cca.htm [November 30, 2000]

DOE, 2000g. Location of the WIPP site. [on-line]. Available: http://www.wipp.carlsbad.nm.us/photo&graphics/map1.htm [November 30, 2000].

DOE, 2000h. The WIPP Facility and Stratiographic Sequence [on-line]. Available: http://www.wipp.carlsbad.nm.us/photo&graphics/graph2.htm [November 30, 2000].

DOE, 2000i. Picture of Typical Transuranic Waste [on-line]. Available: http://www.wipp.carlsbad.nm.us/photo&graphics/tranwst.htm [November 30, 2000].

DOE, 2000j. Defense Transuranic Waste Generating and Storage Sites [on-line]. Available: http://www.wipp.carlsbad.nm.us/routes.htm [November 30, 2000].

DOE, 2000k. “Figure 6-38 and Figure 6-35.” In Compliance Certification Application for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant [on-line]. Available : http://www.wipp.carlsbad.nm.us/library/cca/cca.htm [2000, November 30].

DOE, 2000l. Structure of TRUPACT-II container, certified by the USNRC [on-line]. Available: http://www.wipp.carlsbad.nm.us/photo&graphics/graph4txt.htm [December 1, 2000].

DOE, 2000m. Truck Transporting three TRUPACT-II containers to the WIPP [on-line]. Available: http://www.wipp.carlsbad.nm.us/photo&graphics/graph4txt.htm [December 1, 2000].

DOE, 2001. DOE News. Tri-State Motor Transit to Resume Shipping Transuranic Waste to WIPP. January 19, 2001. [on-line]. Available: http://www.wipp.carlsbad.nm.us/pr/2001/TRIState.pdf [February 12, 2001].

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 1985. 40 CFR Part 191: Environmental Standards for the Management and Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel, High-Level and Transuranic Radioactive Wastes: Final Rule. September 19, 1985. Federal Register; 50(182): 38066-38089.

EPA, 1993. 40 CFR Part 191: Environmental Radiation Protection Standards for the Management and Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel, High-Level and Transuranic Radioactive Waste. December 20, 1993. Federal Register; 58(242): 66398-66416

EPA, 1996. 40 CFR Part 194: Criteria for the Certification and Re-Certification of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant's Compliance with the 40 CFR Part 191 Disposal Regulations: Final Rule. February 9, 1996. Federal Register; 61(28): 5224-5245

EPA, 1998. 40 CFR Part 194: Criteria for the Certification and Re-certification of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant's Compliance with the 40 CFR Part 191 Disposal Regulations: Certification Decision. Final Rule. May 18, 1998. Federal Register; 63(95): 27354-27355

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC), 1999. Standard Review Plan for Transportation Packages for Radioactive Materials. NUREG-1609. Washington, D.C.: Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

Vaughn, P., P. Swift, M. Lord, and J. Bean, 1998. Technical Review Comment Resolution of Sensitivity of the Length of Fracture Approximation in BRADFLO to Grid Used in Supplementary Analysis of the Effect of Salt Water Disposal and Waterflooding of the WIPP. Memorandum to Margaret S. Y. Chu, February, 1998. Albuquerque, N.M.: Sandia National Laboratories.

Vaughn, P., J. E. Bean, J. C. Helton, M. E. Lord, R. J. MacKinnon, and J. D. Schreiber, 2000. Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis for the Two-Phase Flow in the Vicinity of the Repository in the 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant: Undisturbed Conditions. Reliability Engineering and System Safety. Special Issue: The 1996 Performance Assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant; 69(1-3): 205-226

Westinghouse News, 2001a. WIPP Instructors to Provide Specialized Training for Indiana Emergency Response Professionals, January 25, 2001 [on-line]. Available: http://www.wipp.carlsbad.nm.us/pr/2001/INSTEP.pdf [February 12, 2001].

Westinghouse News, 2001b. WIPP Instructors to Provide Specialized Training for Colorado Emergency Response Professionals, January 19, 2001 [on-line]. Available: http://www.wipp.carlsbad.nm.us/pr/2001/COSTEP.pdf [February 12, 2001].

Westinghouse News, 2001c. WIPP Instructors to Provide Specialized Training for Louisiana Emergency Response Professionals, January 15, 2001 [on-line]. Available: http://www.wipp.carlsbad.nm.us/pr/2001/LASTEP.pdf [February 12, 2001].

Westinghouse News, 2001d. WIPP to Provide Training for Hospitals Personnel in Nevada, January 15, 2001 [on-line]. Available: http://www.wipp.carlsbad.nm.us/pr/2001/NVTraining.pdf [February 12, 2001].

Zhang, P. C., H. L. Anderson, Jr., J. W. Kelly, J. L. Krumhansl, and H. W. Papenguth, 1999. Kinetics and Mechanisms of Formation of Magnesite from Hydromagnesite in Brine. July 28, 1999. SAND 87185-0733. Albuquerque, N.M.: Sandia National Laboratories.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2001. Improving Operations and Long-Term Safety of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10143.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2001. Improving Operations and Long-Term Safety of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10143.
×
Page 44
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2001. Improving Operations and Long-Term Safety of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10143.
×
Page 45
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2001. Improving Operations and Long-Term Safety of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10143.
×
Page 46
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2001. Improving Operations and Long-Term Safety of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10143.
×
Page 47
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2001. Improving Operations and Long-Term Safety of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10143.
×
Page 48
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The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) is a deep underground mined facility for the disposal of transuranic waste resulting from the nation's defense program. Transuranic waste is defined as waste contaminated with transuranic radionuclides with half-life greater than 20 years and activity greater than 100 nanocuries per gram. The waste mainly consists of contaminated protective clothing, rags, old tools and equipment, pieces of dismantled buildings, chemical residues, and scrap materials. The total activity of the waste expected to be disposed at the WIPP is estimated to be approximately 7 million curies, including 12,900 kilograms of plutonium distributed throughout the waste in very dilute form. The WIPP is located near the community of Carlsbad, in southeastern New Mexico. The geological setting is a 600-meter thick, 250 million-year-old saltbed, the Salado Formation, lying 660 meters below the surface.

The National Research Council (NRC) has been providing the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) scientific and technical evaluations of the WIPP since 1978. The committee's task is twofold: (1) to identify technical issues that can be addressed to enhance confidence in the safe and long-term performance of the repository and (2) to identify opportunities for improving the National Transuranic (TRU) Program for waste management, especially with regard to the safety of workers and the public.

This is the first full NRC report issued following the certification of the facility by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on May 18, 1998. An interim report was issued by the committee in April 2000 and is reproduced in this report. The main findings and recommendations from the interim report have been incorporated into the body of this report. The overarching finding and recommendation of this report is that the activity that would best enhance confidence in the safe and long-term performance of the repository is to monitor critical performance parameters during the long pre-closure phase of repository operations (35 to possibly 100 years). Indeed, in the first 50 to 100 years the rates of important processes such as salt creep, brine inflow (if any), and microbial activity are predicted to be the highest and will be less significant later. The committee recommends that the results of the on-site monitoring program be used to improve the performance assessment for recertification purposes. These results will determine whether the need for a new performance assessment is warranted. For the National TRU Program, the committee finds that the DOE is implementing many of the recommendations of its interim report. It is important that the DOE continue its efforts to improve the packaging, characterization, and transportation of the transuranic waste.

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