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The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. TABLE 4–6 Fossil Energy Technology Case Studies Slotted in the Matrix Cells That Are Most Relevant Today continued for a long time without any real promise of commercial success. Although all of the fossil energy research programs that were evaluated had potential for commercial success initially, some fell short of commercial market needs. While this is to be expected in all R&D programs, the costs can be minimized by recognizing market and commercialization constraints and focusing efforts on addressing those constraints before committing to or continuing large-scale spending. A current example is the stationary fuel cell program, which has a history of partial technological success but has failed to achieve expectations in market penetration. This program should have been reviewed critically to determine whether technical and economic barriers could be overcome and if potential market applications (considering the technology that will compete against fuel cells in these applications) warrant continued high levels of funding. Likewise, the PFBC program should have been reviewed during the early 1990s in light of rapidly changing environmental requirements, severe technical hurdles, and competition with IGCC and gas turbine combined-cycle technologies. A realistic peer review might have been useful in making these assessments. Finding 2h. DOE was found to be successful in establishing programs to identify concepts and take them through all stages of research, development, and commercial demon-
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