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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 79
Biographical Memoirs
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 79
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
The National Academy Press publishes the reports issued by the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council, all operating under a charter granted by the Congress of the United States.
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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 79
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Biographical Memoirs
VOLUME 79
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
WASHINGTON, D.C. 2001
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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 79
The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by Act of Congress as a private, nonprofit, self-governing membership corporation for the furtherance of science and technology, required to advise the federal government upon request within its fields of competence. Under its corporate charter the Academy established the National Research Council in 1916, the National Academy of Engineering in 1964, and the Institute of Medicine in 1970.
Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER 0-309-7572-6
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER 0077–2933
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER 5–26629
Available from
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
2101 CONSTITUTION AVENUE, N.W. WASHINGTON, D.C. 20418
COPYRIGHT 2001 BY THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 79
CONTENTS
PREFACE
vii
HENRY G. BOOKER
BY WILLIAM E.GORDON
3
GEORGE HERMANN BUCHI
BY GLENN A. BERCHTOLD AND LOUISE H. FOLEY
15
HORACE ROBERT BYERS
BY ROSCOE R. BRAHAM, JR., AND THOMAS F. MALONE
33
GERALD M. CLEMENCE
BY RAYNOR L. DUNCOMBE
51
JULIUS H. COMROE, JR.
BY SEYMOUR S. KETY AND ROBERT E. FORSTER
67
RAFAEL LORENTE DE NO
BY THOMAS A. WOOLSEY
85
SAMUEL EILENBERG
BY HYMAN BASS, HENRI CARTAN, PETER FREYD, ALEX HELLER, AND SAUNDERS MAC LANE
107
JORDI FOLCH-PI
BY MARJORIE B. LEES AND ALFRED POPE
135
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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 79
ROBERT HOFSTADTER
BY JEROME I. FRIEDMAN AND WILLIAM A. LITTLE
159
MARY ELLEN JONES
BY THOMAS W. TRAUT
183
SIMON S. KUZNETS
BY ROBERT W. FOGEL
203
FRANKLIN ASBURY LONG
BY FRED W. MCLAFFERTY, BARRY K. CARPENTER, AND JERROLD MEINWALD
233
HANS JOACHIM MULLER-EBERHARD
BY ALEXANDER G. BEARN
247
DANIEL NATHANS
BY DANIEL DIMAIO
263
WILLIAM HARRISON RIKER
BY BRUCE BUENO DE MESQUITA AND KENNETH SHEPSLE
281
RICHARD C.STARR
BY ANNETTE W. COLEMAN AND JEFFREY A. ZEIKUS
303
DEAN STANLEY TARBELL
BY NELSON J. LEONARD
317
HOWARD M. TEMIN
BY BILL SUGDEN
337
BENTON J. UNDERWOOD
BY GEOFFREY KEPPEL
377
OLIVER REYNOLDS WULF
BY HAROLD S. JOHNSTON
397
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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 79
PREFACE
On March 3, 1863, Abraham Lincoln signed the Act of Incorporation that brought the National Academy of Sciences into being. In accordance with that original charter, the Academy is a private, honorary organization of scientists, elected for outstanding contributions to knowledge, who can be called upon to advise the federal government. As an institution the Academy’s goal is to work toward increasing scientific knowledge and to further the use of that knowledge for the general good.
The Biographical Memoirs, begun in 1877, are a series of volumes containing the life histories and selected bibliographies of deceased members of the Academy. Colleagues familiar with the discipline and the subject’s work prepare the essays. These volumes, then, contain a record of the life and work of our most distinguished leaders in the sciences, as witnessed and interpreted by their colleagues and peers. They form a biographical history of science in America—an important part of our nation’s contribution to the intellectual heritage of the world.
R.STEPHEN BERRY
Home Secretary
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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 79
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