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dc direct current

DECSE Diesel Emission Control Sulfur Effects

DIATA direct-injection, aluminum, through-bolt assembly

DME dimethyl ether

DMM dimethoxymethane

DOE U.S. Department of Energy

EE Tech Team Electrical and Electronics Systems Technical Team

EES electrochemical energy storage

EGR exhaust-gas recirculation

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

EPRI Electric Power Research Institute

ESD Engineering Society of Detroit

EUCAR European Council for Automotive Research and Development

FEA finite element analysis

FMVSS Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard

FRP fiber-reinforced polymer

FT Fischer-Tropsch

FTP Federal Test Procedure

GFRP glass-fiber-reinforced polymer

GM General Motors Corporation

HC hydrocarbon

HCCI homogeneous charge compression ignition

HEV hybrid-electric vehicle

HHV higher heating value

ICE internal combustion engine

IFC International Fuel Cells

IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor

IIHS Insurance Institute for Highway Safety

IMA integrated motor assist

kWe kilowatt electric

LANL Los Alamos National Laboratory

LEV low-emission vehicle

LHV lower heating value

Li-ion lithium ion

LIMBT lightweight injection-molded glass-fiber-reinforced plastic body technology

LIP lithium ion polymer